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Lázaro Cárdenas
Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (; 21 May 1895 – 19 October 1970) was a Mexican army officer and politician who served as president of Mexico from 1934 to 1940. Previously, he served as a general in the Constitutional Army during the Mexican Revolution and as Governor of Michoacán and President of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He later served as the Secretariat of National Defense (Mexico), Secretary of National Defence. During his presidency, which is considered the end of the Maximato, he implemented massive Land reform in Mexico, land reform programs, led the Mexican oil expropriation, expropriation of the country's oil industry, and implemented many key social reforms. Born in Jiquilpan, Michoacán, Jiquilpan, Michoacán, to a working-class family, Cárdenas joined the Mexican Revolution and became a general in the Constitutional Army, Constitutionalist Army. Although he was not from the state of Sonora, whose revolutionary generals dominated Mexican politics in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abelardo L
Abelardo is a masculine given name. It is an Italian language, Italian form of the name ''Abelard (other), Abelard''. Sometimes used as a variant of Abel. As a given name * Abelardo Aguilar, Filipino doctor and researcher * Abelardo Aguilú Jr. (c. 1870–c. 1940), Puerto Rican politician *Abelardo Albisi (1872–1938), Italian musician and composer *Abelardo Alvarado Alcántara (1933–2021) Mexican Catholic prelate *Abelardo Díaz Alfaro (1916–1999), Puerto Rican author *Abelardo Ávila (1907–1967), Mexican engraver *Abelardo Barroso (1905–1972), Cuban singer *Abelardo Castro (born 1892, death date unknown), Chilean fencer *Abelardo Castillo (1935–2017), Argentine author *Abelardo Delgado (1931–2004), American writer, community organizer, and poet *Abelardo Estorino (1925–2013), Cuban stage director *Abelardo Fernández (born 1970), Spanish footballer and manager *Abelardo Gandía (born 1977), Spanish paralympic cyclist *Abelardo Lafuente García-Rojo (187 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Army
The Mexican Army () is the combined Army, land and Air Force, air branch and is the largest part of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army. The Army is under the authority of the Secretariat of National Defense or SEDENA and is headed by the Secretary of National Defence. It was the first army to adopt (1908) and use (1910) a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle. The Mexican Army has an active duty force of 261,773 men and women in 2024. History Antecedents Pre-Columbian era: native warriors In the prehispanic era, there were many indigenous tribes and highly developed city-states in what is now known as central Mexico. The most advanced and powerful kingdoms were those of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco (altepetl), Texcoco and Tlacopan, which comprised populations of the same ethnic origin and were politically linked by an alliance known as the Aztec Triple Alliance, Triple Alliance; colloquially these three states are known as the Aztec. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álvaro Obregón
Álvaro Obregón Salido (; 19 February 1880 – 17 July 1928) was a Mexican general, inventor and politician who served as the 46th President of Mexico from 1920 to 1924. Obregón was re-elected to the presidency in 1928 but was assassinated before he could take office. Born in Navojoa, Sonora, Obregón joined the Revolution after the Ten Tragic Days, February 1913 coup d'état that brought General Victoriano Huerta to the presidency. Obregón supported Sonora's decision to follow Governor Venustiano Carranza as leader of the northern revolutionary coalition, the Constitutional Army, Constitutionalist Army, against the Huerta regime. Obregón quickly became the Constitutionalist Army's most prominent general, along with Pancho Villa. Carranza appointed Obregón commander of the revolutionary forces in northwestern Mexico. The Constitutionalists defeated Huerta in July 1914, and the Federal Army dissolved in August. In 1915, the revolution entered a new phase of civil war betwee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 Mexican General Election
General elections were held in Mexico on 1 July 1934. The presidential elections were won by Lázaro Cárdenas, who received 98% of the vote.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p472 Results President DiazFoxMODO15 (cropped).JPG, A contribution bond for the Tejeda campaign. DiazFoxMODO15 (cropped 2).JPG, Contribution bond for the Villarreal campaign. References {{Mexican elections Presidential elections in Mexico General General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ... Election and referendum articles with incomplete results ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plutarco Elías Calles
Plutarco Elías Calles (born Francisco Plutarco Elías Campuzano; 25 September 1877 – 19 October 1945) was a Mexican politician and military officer who served as the 47th President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928. After the assassination of Álvaro Obregón, Elías Calles founded the Institutional Revolutionary Party and held unofficial power as Mexico's de facto leader from 1929 to 1934, a period known as the Maximato. Previously, he served as a general in the Constitutional Army, as Governor of Sonora, Secretariat of the Navy, Secretary of War, and Secretariat of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior. During the Maximato, he served as Secretariat of Public Education, Secretary of War again, and Secretariat of the Economy, Secretary of the Economy. During his presidency, he implemented many left-wing populist and secularism, secularist reforms, opposition to which sparked the Cristero War. Born on 25 September 1877 in Sonora in the Mexican Revolution, Sonora, Elías Calles fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonora
Sonora (), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora (), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Administrative divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is divided into Municipalities of Sonora, 72 municipalities; the capital (and largest) city of which is Hermosillo, located in the center of the state. Other large cities include Ciudad Obregón, Nogales, Sonora, Nogales (on the Mexico–United States border, Mexico-United States border), San Luis Río Colorado, and Navojoa. Sonora is bordered by the states of Chihuahua (state), Chihuahua to the east, Baja California to the west (of the north portion) and Sinaloa to the southeast. To the north, it shares a border with the United States, and on the southwest has a significant share of the coastline of the Gulf of California. Sonora's natural geography is divided into three parts: the Sierra Madre Occidental in the east of the state; plains and rolling hills in the center; and the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michoacán
Michoacán, formally Michoacán de Ocampo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Michoacán de Ocampo, is one of the 31 states which, together with Mexico City, compose the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is divided into 113 Municipalities of Michoacán, municipalities and its capital city is Morelia (formerly called Valladolid). The city was named after José María Morelos, a native of the city and one of the main heroes of the Mexican War of Independence. Michoacán is located in western Mexico, and has a stretch of coastline on the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. It is bordered by the states of Colima and Jalisco to the west and northwest, Guanajuato to the north, Querétaro to the northeast, State of Mexico, the State of México to the east, and Guerrero to the southeast. The name Michoacán is from Nahuatl: ''Michhuahcān'' from ''michhuah'' and ''-cān'' and means "place of the fishermen", referring to those who fish on Lake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiquilpan, Michoacán
Jiquilpan (; also spelled Xiuquilpan, Xiquilpan, Xiquilpa, based on a Náhuatl word for "place of tint plants") is a municipality in the Mexican state of Michoacán. Its municipal seat is Jiquilpan de Juárez. Jiquilpan is the birthplace of two presidents of the republic: Anastasio Bustamante, who served as President on three occasions in the mid-19th century; and also of one of the most popular presidents of Mexico, Lázaro Cárdenas. Jiquilpan is the birthplace of Damián Alcázar, actor and movie director, who was in the films ''El crimen del padre Amaro'', ''La Ley de Herodes'', and '' The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian'', among others. The city is also the birthplace of trumpet virtuoso Rafael Méndez. It has sister city exchange programs with Indio, California and Palmdale, California in the United States, where large numbers of residents from Jiquilpan relocated to in the 2000s. In the year 2000, the population was 25,778, but estimates can reach as high as 50,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Oil Expropriation
The Mexican oil expropriation () was the Nationalization of oil supplies, nationalization of all petroleum reserves, facilities, and Big Oil, foreign oil companies in Mexico on March 18, 1938. In accordance with Article 27 of the Constitution of Mexico, Constitution of 1917, President of Mexico, President Lázaro Cárdenas declared that all mineral and oil reserves found within Mexico belong to the nation. The Mexican government established a State-owned enterprise, state-owned petroleum company, Petróleos Mexicanos, or PEMEX. For a short period, this measure caused an international boycott of Mexican products in the following years, especially by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, but with the outbreak of World War II and the alliance between Mexico and the Allies of World War II, Allies, the disputes with private companies over compensation were resolved. The anniversary, March 18, is now a Mexican Public holidays in Mexico#Civic holidays, civic holida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Reform In Mexico
Before the 1910 Mexican Revolution, most land in post-independence Mexico was owned by wealthy Mexicans and foreigners, with small holders and indigenous communities possessing little productive land. During the New Spain, colonial era, the Spanish crown protected holdings of indigenous communities that were mostly engaged in subsistence agriculture to countervail the ''encomienda'' and ''repartimiento'' systems. In the 19th century, Mexican elites consolidated large landed estates (hacienda, ''haciendas'') in many parts of the country while small holders, many of whom were mixed-race mestizos, engaged with the commercial economy. After the Mexican War of Independence, War of Independence, Mexican liberals sought to modernize the economy, promoting Intensive farming, commercial agriculture through the dissolution of common lands, most of which were then property of the Catholic Church, and indigenous communities. When liberals came to power in the mid nineteenth century, they La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maximato
The ''Maximato'' was a transitional period in the History of Mexico, historical and political development of Mexico from 1 December 1928 to 1 December 1934. Named after former president Plutarco Elías Calles's sobriquet ''el Jefe Máximo'' (the maximum leader), the ''Maximato'' was the period in which Calles continued to exercise power and exert influence without holding the presidency. The six-year period was the term that President-elect Alvaro Obregón would have served if he had not been assassinated immediately after the July 1928 elections. Following Obregón's death, a solution to the presidential succession crisis was in immediate need. Calles could not hold the presidency again because of restrictions on re-election without an interval out of power, but he remained the dominant figure in Mexico. There were two solutions to the crisis. Firstly, an interim president was to be appointed, followed by new elections. Secondly, Calles created an enduring political institutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Army
The Constitutional Army (), also known as the Constitutionalist Army (), was the army that fought against the Federal Army, and later, against the Villistas and Zapatistas during the Mexican Revolution. It was formed in March 1913 by Venustiano Carranza, so-called "First-Chief" of the army, as a response to the murder of President Francisco I. Madero and Vice President José María Pino Suárez by Victoriano Huerta during ''La Decena Trágica'' (Ten Tragic Days) of 1913, and the resulting usurpation of presidential power by Huerta. Carranza had a few military forces on which he could rely for loyalty. He had the theoretical support of Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata, but they soon turned against the Constitutionalists after Huerta's defeat in 1914. In July 1913, Carranza divided the country into seven areas for military operations. Each area was, at least in theory, the responsibility of a general commanding an Army corps. These corps were: Northeast, Northwest, Central, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
