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Ugandi
Ugandi (Latin: ''Ungannia'' or ''Ugaunia''; ; Low German: ''Uggn'') was an Independence, independent county between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov, bordered by Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Sackalia, Sakala, Tālava, and The Principality of Pskov. Ugandi had an area of approximately 3000 hide (unit), hides. Ugandi corresponded roughly to the present Estonia's territory of Võru County, Põlva County and half of Tartu County and Valga County, as well as Petseri County. The county was first mentioned in print by Henry of Livonia After the Northern crusades it became the Bishopric of Dorpat. In Latvian language, Latvian, ''Igaunija'' (''Ugaunija'' is the Latvian name for the Ugaunia county) is still the modern national name for Estonia. The name ''Ugandi'' is derived by associating "Ugaunia" with the name of ''Uandimägi'' Hill near Otepää. An alternate theory proposes that the name "Ugaunia" could have been derived from the Slavic languages, Slavic l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugaunians
Ugaunians or Ugannians (; ), referred to as Chudes by the earliest Russian chronicles, were a historic Baltic Finns, Finnic people inhabiting the southern Estonian Ugandi County (; also ''Ugania'', ''Ugaunia'') that is now Tartu County, Tartu, Põlva County, Põlva, Võru County, Võru and Valga County, Valga counties of Estonia. The name and the territory In modern Estonian literature, the province of Ugaunia is called ''Ugandi'' or ''Ugala''. The name ''Ugandi'' is derived by associating Ugaunia with the name of ''Uandimägi'' hill near Otepää. In Latvian language, Latvian, the country of Estonia is still called ''Igaunija'' after Ugaunians, their ancient neighbors. The power center of Ugaunians is believed to have been in the fortified stronghold of Otepää (South Estonian language, South Estonian for "bear's head"; , ) in present-day Linnamägi Hill in the town of Otepää. The hill was indeed shaped like a head of a bear. The bear was probably a holy animal for Ugaunians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tartu
Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 97,759 (as of 2024). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of Riga, Latvia. Tartu lies on the Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes in Estonia, Lake Võrtsjärv and Lake Peipus. From the 13th century until the end of the 19th century, Tartu was known in most of the world by variants of its historical name Dorpat. Tartu, the largest urban centre of southern Estonia, is often considered the "intellectual capital city" of the country, especially as it is home to the nation's oldest and most renowned university, the University of Tartu (founded in 1632). Tartu also houses the Supreme Court of Estonia, the Ministry of Education and Research (Estonia), Ministry of Education and Research, the Estonian National Museum, and the oldest Estonian-language theatre, Vanemuine. It is also the birthplace of the Estonian Song Festivals. Tartu was designated as the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tālava
Tālava (; ) was a Latgalian country in the northern Vidzeme and northern Latgale region of modern-day Latvia. It was bordered by the Latgalian Principality of Jersika to the south, the Livonian counties of Metsepole and Idumeja to the west, the Estonian counties of Sakala and Ugandi to the north and the Russian Novgorod Republic to the east. Tālava was first mentioned in the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'' in 1207 as the Christian County of ''Tholowa''. Russian chronicles refer to the county of ''Atzele'' (), first mentioned in 1111, which was probably the eastern part of Tālava. The county existed from the 10th century until 1224 when it was divided between Bishopric of Riga and the Brothers of the Sword. History After Mstislav Rostislavich "the Brave", the prince of Novgorod, rode against the Chud during the winter of 1179-1180, Tālava was forced to pay tribute to Novgorod. The leader of Tālava, Tālivaldis and his sons were baptized in the Eastern Orthodox faith. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurmekund
Nurmekund (Low German: ''Nurmegunde'') was a small independent country (ancient Estonian county) on the north coast of Lake Võrtsjärv in Central Estonia, bordered by Sakala, Alempois, Järvamaa, Mõhu, and Ugandi. Nurmekund had an area of approximately 600 hides. See also * History of Estonia * Imavere * Kabala * Kolga-Jaani * Kõo * Livonian Crusade * Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights * Pilistvere * Põltsamaa * Rulers of Estonia * Võhma Võhma is a List of cities and towns in Estonia, town in Põhja-Sakala Parish, Viljandi County, central Estonia. History The settlement dates to the sixteenth century. The German-language name of the town was Wöchma. It began to grow when a ra ... References External links Kuidas elasid inimesed vanasti, möödunud sajandil ja praegu (Estonian)9. - 13. saj.pärinevad Eesti aardeleiud (Estonian)* ttp://www.poltsamaa.ee/index.php?main_id=72,1576,1580 Põltsamaa linnus (Estonian) Ancient counties of Estoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishopric Of Dorpat
The Bishopric of Dorpat was a medieval prince-bishopric, i.e. both a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church and a temporal principality ruled by the bishop of the diocese. It existed from 1211 until 1558, generally encompassing the area that now comprises Tartu County, Põlva County, Võru County, and Jõgeva County in Estonia. The prince-bishopric was a sovereign member of the Holy Roman Empire (formally from 6 Nov 1225) and part of the Livonian Confederation until its dissolution in 1561. The state was originally established as the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leal, Bishopric of Leal in 1211, based in Leal, modern Lihula. When the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, Sword Brothers in 1224 Siege of Tartu (1224), captured Yuryev (modern Tartu), they renamed it ''Dorpat''. Prince-bishop Hermann of Dorpat, Hermann Buxhövden of Leal took up residence there and ordered the construction of the Tartu Cathedral, Dorpat Cathedral. Around 1235, the bishopric was finally renamed from ''Leal'' to '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Estonia
Ancient Estonia refers to a period covering History of Estonia from the middle of the 8th millennium BC until the conquest and subjugation of the local Finnic tribes in the first quarter of the 13th century during the Teutonic and Danish Northern Crusades. The Mesolithic Period The region has been populated since the end of the last glacial era, about 10,000 BC. The earliest traces of human settlement in Estonia are connected with Kunda culture. The oldest known settlement in Estonia is the Pulli settlement, which was located on the banks of the river Pärnu, near the town of Sindi, in southwestern Estonia. It has been dated to the beginning of the 9th millennium BC. The Kunda Culture received its name from the ''Lammasmäe'' settlement site in northern Estonia, which dates from earlier than 8500. Bone and stone artifacts similar to those found at Kunda have been discovered elsewhere in Estonia, as well as in Latvia, Russia, northern Lithuania and southern Finland. Among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. Its capital Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest List of cities and towns in Estonia, urban areas. The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the Estonians, majority of its population of nearly 1.4 million. Estonia is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO. Present-day Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. The Ancient Estonia#Early Middle Ages, medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valga County
Valga County ( or ''Valgamaa'') is a first-level administrative unit and one of 15 counties of Estonia. It comprises the former area of Valga District. The present-day county was created on 1 January 1990. The capital and largest town of Valga County is Valga, Estonia, Valga, followed by Tõrva and Otepää. It is situated in the southern part of the country and borders Põlva County, Põlva and Võru County to the east, Latvia to the south and west, and Viljandi County, Viljandi and Tartu County to the north. 27,650 people live in Valga County as of 2022. General Valga County is located in the southern part of Estonia. By the economic-geographical and regional-political distribution it belongs to the area of South-East Estonia (together with Põlva and Võru County). By historical ties and landscape the county belongs to the region of South Estonia (together with Põlva, Võru, Viljandi, Tartu and Jõgeva County, Jõgeva Counties). With a population of 30,176 people (as of 1 Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emajõgi
The Emajõgi (; meaning 'mother river') is a river in Estonia which flows from Võrtsjärv, Lake Võrtsjärv through Tartu County into Lake Peipus, crossing the city of Tartu for . It has a length of . The Emajõgi is sometimes called the Suur Emajõgi (Big Emajõgi), in contrast with the Väike Emajõgi (Little Emajõgi), another river which flows into the southern end of Lake Võrtsjärv. The Emajõgi is the second-largest river in Estonia by Discharge (hydrology), discharge and the only fully navigable river. Course The source of the Emajõgi is at the northeastern shore of Võrtsjärv at Rannu-Jõesuu, from where the river follows a roughly eastward course towards Lake Peipus. The course of Emajõgi is divided into three distinct sections. dead link In the upper course, from Võrtsjärv to Kärevere, Tartu County, Kärevere bridge, the river flows through large, flat and marshy areas, which are part of Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve. In this heavily meandering section, Emajõgi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otepää
Otepää (formerly Nuustaku) is a town in Valga County, southern Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Otepää Parish. Otepää is a popular skiing resort, popularly known as the "winter capital" of Estonia (in contrast to the "summer capital" Pärnu). During the 2005–2006 season it became the site for FIS Cross-Country World Cup events. The name ''Otepää'' means 'Ott's Head' in South Estonian, where ''ott'' is a euphemism for 'bear'. History The first settlement in Otepää was in the 6th century BC. It has been inhabited continuously since the 6th-7th centuries. Otepää (or Odenpäh) was historically important as the site of a Viking hill fort and medieval castle. The fortress was first mentioned in Rus' sources in 1116 when the princes of Novgorod and Pskov undertook an expedition against Tartu and Otepää. The conquest of Estonia during the Northern Crusades began with an attack on the fortress at Otepää in 1208. The fort was attacked again in 1217, whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugaunian Language
South Estonian, or Võro-Seto, is a Finnic language spoken in south-eastern Estonia, encompassing the Tartu, Mulgi, Võro and Seto dialects. Diachronically speaking, Estonian and South Estonian are in separate branches of the Finnic languages, with Estonian being more closely related to Finnish than it is to South Estonian. Note that reconstructed *č and *c stand for affricates , . Modern Standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonian. However, from the 17th to the 19th centuries in Southern Estonia, literature was published in a standardized form of Southern Tartu and Northern Võro. That usage was called Tartu or literary South Estonian. The written standard was used in the schools, churches and courts of the Võro and Tartu linguistic area but not in the Seto and Mulgi areas. After Estonia gained independence in 1918, the standardized Estonian language policies were implemented further throughout the country. The government officials du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
