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Tālava
Tālava (; ) was a Latgalian country in the northern Vidzeme and northern Latgale region of modern-day Latvia. It was bordered by the Latgalian Principality of Jersika to the south, the Livonian counties of Metsepole and Idumeja to the west, the Estonian counties of Sakala and Ugandi to the north and the Russian Novgorod Republic to the east. Tālava was first mentioned in the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'' in 1207 as the Christian County of ''Tholowa''. Russian chronicles refer to the county of ''Atzele'' (), first mentioned in 1111, which was probably the eastern part of Tālava. The county existed from the 10th century until 1224 when it was divided between Bishopric of Riga and the Brothers of the Sword. History After Mstislav Rostislavich "the Brave", the prince of Novgorod, rode against the Chud during the winter of 1179-1180, Tālava was forced to pay tribute to Novgorod. The leader of Tālava, Tālivaldis and his sons were baptized in the Eastern Orthodox faith. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tālivaldis
Tālivaldis or Tālibalds (; died 1215) was a Latgalians, Latgalian Elder (administrative title), elder, the ruler of Tālava, whose support for Albert of Riga and the German crusaders brought about his death at the hands of the native Balts, Baltic peoples. Biography Tālivaldis's date of birth is unknown. He is first noted in 1208 when he fought against the Saccalians and Ugandians as an ally of the Latgalian dukes Rūsiņš and Varidots. Tālivaldis was baptised in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox faith sometime before 1208 when he was a vassal of the Pskov Republic. Tālivaldis became a vassal of Albert of Riga and was thus involved in the Northern Crusades against the Estonians, Estonian tribes as an ally of the German crusaders. In 1211, the Estonians raided Tālava as revenge for the Latgalian support of the crusaders and pillaged the area round Trikāta parish, Trikāta, Tālivaldis's native region. In 1212, Tālivaldis, as a vassal of Albert of Riga, did no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latgalians
Latgalians (, , modern ; variant translations also include Latgallians, Lettigalls or Lettigallians) were an ancient Baltic tribe. They likely spoke a variant of Latvian language, which probably became the ''lingua franca'' in present-day Latvia during the Northern Crusades due to their alliance with the crusaders. Latgalians later integrated with the neighbouring tribes, forming the core of modern Latvians. History The Latgalians were an Eastern Baltic tribe whose origin is little known. In the 5th and 6th centuries, they lived in the eastern part of present-day Vidzeme (west of the Aiviekste River), and later on in nearly all the territory of that region. In written sources, they are mentioned from the 11th century onward. In the first two decades of the 13th century, the (Western) Latgalians allied with German (mainly Saxon) crusaders. Their lands (the Eldership of Tālava, the Principality of Jersika and the Principality of Koknese) were incorporated into Livonia as va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvia
Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of , with a population of 1.9million. The country has a Temperate climate, temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city is Riga. Latvians, who are the titular nation and comprise 65.5% of the country's population, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of the Balts and speak Latvian language, Latvian. Russians in Latvia, Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population; 37.7% of the population speak Russian language, Russian as their native tongue. After centuries of State of the Teutonic Order, Teutonic, Swedish Livonia, Swedish, Inflanty Voi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugandi
Ugandi (Latin: ''Ungannia'' or ''Ugaunia''; ; Low German: ''Uggn'') was an Independence, independent county between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov, bordered by Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Sackalia, Sakala, Tālava, and The Principality of Pskov. Ugandi had an area of approximately 3000 hide (unit), hides. Ugandi corresponded roughly to the present Estonia's territory of Võru County, Põlva County and half of Tartu County and Valga County, as well as Petseri County. The county was first mentioned in print by Henry of Livonia After the Northern crusades it became the Bishopric of Dorpat. In Latvian language, Latvian, ''Igaunija'' (''Ugaunija'' is the Latvian name for the Ugaunia county) is still the modern national name for Estonia. The name ''Ugandi'' is derived by associating "Ugaunia" with the name of ''Uandimägi'' Hill near Otepää. An alternate theory proposes that the name "Ugaunia" could have been derived from the Slavic languages, Slavic l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rūsiņš
Rūsiņš of Satekle () was a Latgalians, Latgalian duke in the early 13th century who is several times mentioned in ancient sources due to his activities in Livonian Crusade. Biography Rūsiņš date of birth is unknown and it is presumed that his residence was Satekle castle (most likely Tanīsa hillfort in the modern village of Rauna) which was important centre in the Latgalian county of Tālava. According to the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'', Rūsiņš had a permanent group of warriors with him () most likely similar to a ''druzhina''. Rūsiņš is first time mentioned by name in 1208 when he, together with dukes Varidots of Autīne and Tālivaldis of Beverīna, signed military alliance with the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. In the next few years, Rūsiņš was often involved in the military campaigns against Estonian tribes. In the autumn of 1208, Rūsiņš, together with Varidots, raided into the Estonian land of Saccalia and heavily devastated it. In the winter of 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metsepole
Mõtsa Pūol or Metsepole was a n county inhabited by the Finnic-speaking , situated on the east coast of the , in most part at the northwest of the |
Jersika
The Principality of Jersika (; ; ) was a medieval Latgalian principality in the east of modern-day Latvia, and one of the largest medieval states in Latvia before the Northern Crusades. The capital of Jersika was located on a hill fort southeast of Riga. In documents dating to the 13th century, the western part of the principality was called ''Lettia'', and the eastern part by the Russian name ''Lotygola''. Territory Jersika's occupied territory includes a large territory of modern-day Latgale and Vidzeme. In the North bordering Tālava and Atzele, in the east bordering Polotsk, then in the south bordering Lithuania and Selonia and finally in the west bordering Koknese and Livonian Daugava. According to Arveds Švābe the Principality consisted of five territories which in 1209 lost two called ″Autine″ and ″Cesvaine″ but kept three territories from Lotigola. Capital city The principality's capital city was located on a hill fort in Līvāni Municipality, on the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Of Riga
Albert of Riga or Albert of Livonia ( – 17 January 1229) was the third Catholic Bishop of Riga in Livonia. As the Bishop of Livonia, in 1201, he founded Riga, the modern capital city of Latvia, and the city was later made a bishopric. The building of the Riga Cathedral started during his tenure there in 1221. Albert headed the armed forces that forcibly converted the pagan indigenous population of the eastern Baltic region to Christianity as a result of the Northern Crusades. Early life Albert was born in Bexhövede, a part of Loxstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany. He and his brother Hermann were members of the powerful Buxhoeveden family from Bexhövede. Because of this he has also been known as Albert of Buxhoeveden (or ''Bexhövede'', ''Buxhövden'', ''Buxhöwde'', ''Buxthoeven'', ''Appeldern''). Albert was a canon in Bremen when his uncle Hartwig, Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg, named him Bishop of Livonia, provided that he could conquer and hold it, and convince th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vidzeme
Vidzeme (; Old Latvian orthography: ''Widda-semme'', ) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", it is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as ''Livland'', the German form from Latin ''Livonia'', though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country. The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia. History In ancient times, the territory of Vidzeme was inhabited by Latgalians and Livonians, Livs (near the coast of the Gulf of Riga and along the lower reaches of the Daugava River, Daugava and Gauja rivers). Until the Livonian Crusade, German conquest in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishopric Of Riga
The Archbishopric of Riga (, ) was a Catholic diocese and civil government in Medieval Livonia, subject to the Holy See. It was established in 1186 and ended in 1561. History The diocese was established in 1186 as the Bishopric of Livonia at Ikšķile; after its seat was moved to Riga, it became the Bishopric of Riga in 1202 and was elevated to an archbishopric in 1255. The archbishops of Riga were also the secular rulers of Riga until 1561 when during the Reformation the territory converted from Catholicism to Lutheranism and all church territories were secularized. The see was restored as a diocese of the Catholic Church in 1918 and raised into an archdiocese in 1923. Bishops and Archbishops of Riga A new Bishopric of Livonia was established in Latgalia in 1621 during the Inflanty Voivodeship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Coinage The Archbishops of Riga were innovators in the field of minting currency, reviving techniques abandoned since the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livonian Brothers Of The Sword
The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (; ) was a Catholic Church, Catholic Military order (monastic society), military order established in 1202 during the Livonian Crusade by Albert of Riga, Albert, the third bishop of Riga (or possibly by Theoderich von Treydend). Pope Pope Innocent III, Innocent III sanctioned the establishment in 1204 for the second time. The membership of the Crusades, crusading Military order (religious society), order comprised warrior monk, warrior monks, mostly from northern Germany, who fought Baltic peoples, Baltic and Baltic Finnic peoples, Finnic Paganism, pagans in the area of modern-day Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Alternative names of the Order include Christ Knights, Swordbrothers, Sword Brethren, Order of the Brothers of the Sword, and The Militia of Christ of Livonia. The seal reads: ''+MAGISTRI ETFRM (et fratrum) MILICIE CRI (Christi) DE LIVONIA''. Following their defeat by the Samogitians and Semigallians in the Battle of Saule in 1236, the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mstislav Rostislavich Of Smolensk
Mstislav Rostislavich (? – 1180), known as "the Brave" (), was Prince of Smolensk () and Prince of Novgorod (). Biography Mstislav was the fourth of five sons (and the eighth of nine children) of Rostislav Mstislavich, the Rostislavichi of Smolensk progenitor who was briefly Grand Prince of Kiev in 1167. Mstislav was Prince of Belgorod in 1161 and again from 1171 to 1173, Principality of Toropets, Prince of Toropets since 1167, and Prince of Smolensk from 1175 to 1177. In 1168, he was one of thirteen princes of Rus' who, under Grand Prince Mstislav II of Kiev, Mstislav Iziaslavich, defeated the Polovtsy in a major battle on the steppe. The following year, he and his brother Roman along with Yury Bogolyubsky, Siege of Novgorod (1170), besieged Novgorod the Great, but Bogolyubsky's army was defeated in battle. In 1171, Mstislav and his brothers helped place their uncle, Vladimir Mstislavich of Dorogobuzh, on the Kievan throne, although he was soon deposed. In 1172 and 1173, Ms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
