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Transport Ecology
Transport ecology is the science of the human-transport-environment system. There are two chairs of transport ecology in Germany, in Dresden and Karlsruhe. Vocabulary Mobility is about satisfying the need to travel. To achieve mobility, means of transport are needed.. Mobility corresponds to the human need to travel - recognised by article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - while transport is a means of achieving mobility. In public debate, mobility is often confused with transport. The "Dresden Declaration" calls for people's mobility needs to be met in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly way.. Suggested measures Then the proposed measures (whether they involve transport modes, the concept of "traffic avoidance, change of transport mode, technical improvements", the tautology of transport ecology or the "4 E", i.e. Enforcement, Education, Engineering, Economy/Encouragement) are scrutinised for transparency, fairness (polluters pay), unwanted side-effect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udo Becker
Udo is a masculine given name. It may refer to: Medieval era *Udo of Neustria, 9th-century nobleman * Udo (Obotrite prince) (died 1028) * Udo (archbishop of Trier) (c. 1030 – 1078) * Lothair Udo II, Margrave of the Nordmark (c. 1025 – 1082) Modern era *Udo Anneken (1917–1997), German Wehrmacht officer in World War II, recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross * Udo Bullmann (born 1956), German politician *Udo Cordes (1921–2007), German Luftwaffe officer in World War II, recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross *Udo Di Fabio (born 1954), German jurist * Udo Dziersk (born 1961), German painter * Udo Z. Karzi (born 1970), Indonesian writer *Udo Kasemets (1919–2014), Estonian-Canadian composer *Udo Keppler (1872–1956), American cartoonist *Udo Kier (born 1944), German actor * Udo Max Hollrung (1858–1937), German botanist *Udo Pastörs (born 1952), German far-right politician * Udo Proksch (1934–2001), Austrian businessman, industrialist and murdere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avoid-Shift-Improve
Avoid-Shift-Improve (A-S-I) (German: ''vermeiden'', '' verlagern'', ''verbessern'') is an approach to environmental sustainability that seeks to increase efficiency by modifying consumer behavior. Though it originated in transportation studies, it has since been used to apply to other ways that consumers use natural resources. History Avoid-Shift-Improve (A-S-I) was first developed in Germany in the early 1990s as ''vermeiden, verlagern, verbessern''. The term was first published in a 1994 report by the German Parliament's Enquete Commission. Method As denoted by the name, Avoid-Shift-Improve has three avenues. It seeks to modify the behavior of consumers rather than producers to make consumer choices more environmentally sustainable. *Avoid, also called reduce: The consumer chooses to use none of or less of a resource. *Shift, also called maintain: The consumer switches from a less sustainable method of consumption to a more sustainable one. If the more sustainable option is alre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intermodality
Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation (e.g., rail, ship, aircraft, and truck), without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes. The method reduces cargo handling, and so improves security, reduces damage and loss, and allows freight to be transported faster. Reduced costs over road trucking is the key benefit for inter-continental use. This may be offset by reduced timings for road transport over shorter distances. Origins Intermodal transportation has its origin in 18th century England and predates the railways. Some of the earliest containers were those used for shipping coal on the Bridgewater Canal in England in the 1780s. Coal containers (called "loose boxes" or "tubs") were soon deployed on the early canals and railways and were used for road/rail transfers (road at the time meaning horse-drawn vehicles). Wooden coal containers were first used on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaya Identity
The Kaya identity is a mathematical identity stating that the total emission level of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide can be expressed as the product of four factors: human population, GDP per capita, energy intensity (per unit of GDP), and carbon intensity (emissions per unit of energy consumed). It is a concrete form of the more general I = PAT equation relating factors that determine the level of human impact on climate. Although the terms in the Kaya identity would in theory cancel out, it is useful in practice to calculate emissions in terms of more readily available data, namely population, GDP per capita, energy per unit GDP, and emissions per unit energy. It furthermore highlights the elements of the global economy on which one could act to reduce emissions, notably the energy intensity per unit GDP and the emissions per unit energy. Overview The Kaya identity was developed by Japanese energy economist Yoichi Kaya. It is the subject of his book ''Environment, Energ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut Polytechnique De Paris
The Polytechnic Institute of Paris () is a public technological university located in Palaiseau, France. It consists of six engineering ''grandes écoles'': , ENSTA Paris, ENSAE Paris, École des ponts ParisTech, Télécom Paris and Télécom SudParis. With the Paris-Saclay University, the Polytechnic Institute of Paris is part of the Paris-Saclay project, which is a research-intensive academic campus and business cluster being developed on the Plateau de Saclay near Paris. The project integrates several engineering schools and research centers that are part of the world's top research organizations in various fields. The technological university was formed around the , one of the most respected and selective ''grandes écoles'' in France. Among its alumni and teachers are five Nobel Prize winners, two Fields medalists, three presidents of France and many CEOs of French and international companies. History After World War II, the rapid growth of nuclear physics and chemistry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Transport Hierarchy
The green transport hierarchy (Canada), also called mobility pyramid, reverse traffic pyramid, street user hierarchy (US), sustainable transport hierarchy (Wales), urban transport hierarchy or road user hierarchy (Australia, UK) is a hierarchy of modes of passenger transport prioritising green transport. It is a concept used in transport reform groups worldwide and in policy design. The UK Highway Code has a ''road user hierarchy'' prioritising pedestrians. It is a key characteristic of Australian transport planning. History ''The Green Transportation Hierarchy: A Guide for Personal & Public Decision-Making'' by Chris Bradshaw was first published September 1994 and revised June 2004. As part of a pedestrian advocacy group in the United States, he proposed the hierarchy ranking passenger transport based on environmental emissions. The reviewed ranking listed, in order: walking, cycling, public transport, car sharing, and finally private car. It was first prepared for ''Ottawalk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health And Environmental Impact Of Transport
The health and environmental impact of transport is significant because transport burns most of the world's petroleum. This causes illness and deaths from air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates, and is a significant cause of climate change through emission of carbon dioxide. Within the transport sector, road transport is the largest contributor to climate change. Environmental regulations in developed countries have reduced the individual vehicle's emission. However, this has been offset by an increase in the number of vehicles, and increased use of each vehicle (an effect known as the Jevons paradox). Some pathways to reduce the carbon emissions of road vehicles have been considerably studied. Energy use and emissions vary largely between modes, causing environmentalism, environmentalists to call for a transition from air and road to rail and human-powered transport, and increase transport electrification and Efficient energy use, energy efficiency. Other env ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
