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Avoid-Shift-Improve
Avoid-Shift-Improve (A-S-I) (German: ''vermeiden'', '' verlagern'', ''verbessern'') is an approach to environmental sustainability that seeks to increase efficiency by modifying consumer behavior. Though it originated in transportation studies, it has since been used to apply to other ways that consumers use natural resources. History Avoid-Shift-Improve (A-S-I) was first developed in Germany in the early 1990s as ''vermeiden, verlagern, verbessern''. The term was first published in a 1994 report by the German Parliament's Enquete Commission. Method As denoted by the name, Avoid-Shift-Improve has three avenues. It seeks to modify the behavior of consumers rather than producers to make consumer choices more environmentally sustainable. *Avoid, also called reduce: The consumer chooses to use none of or less of a resource. *Shift, also called maintain: The consumer switches from a less sustainable method of consumption to a more sustainable one. If the more sustainable option is alre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transport Ecology
Transport ecology is the science of the human-transport-environment system. There are two chairs of transport ecology in Germany, in Dresden and Karlsruhe. Vocabulary Mobility is about satisfying the need to travel. To achieve mobility, means of transport are needed.. Mobility corresponds to the human need to travel - recognised by article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - while transport is a means of achieving mobility. In public debate, mobility is often confused with transport. The "Dresden Declaration" calls for people's mobility needs to be met in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly way.. Suggested measures Then the proposed measures (whether they involve transport modes, the concept of "traffic avoidance, change of transport mode, technical improvements", the tautology of transport ecology or the "4 E", i.e. Enforcement, Education, Engineering, Economy/Encouragement) are scrutinised for transparency, fairness (polluters pay), unwanted side-effect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainability is a social goal for people to co-exist on Earth over a long period of time. Definitions of this term are disputed and have varied with literature, context, and time. Sustainability usually has three dimensions (or pillars): environmental, economic, and social. Many definitions emphasize the environmental dimension. This can include addressing key environmental issues, environmental problems, including climate change and biodiversity loss. The idea of sustainability can guide decisions at the global, national, organizational, and individual levels. A related concept is that of sustainable development, and the terms are often used to mean the same thing. UNESCO distinguishes the two like this: "''Sustainability'' is often thought of as a long-term goal (i.e. a more sustainable world), while ''sustainable development'' refers to the many processes and pathways to achieve it." Details around the economic dimension of sustainability are controversial. Scholars have d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Parliament
The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet") is the lower house of the German federal parliament. It is the only constitutional body of the federation directly elected by the German people. The Bundestag was established by Title III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany () in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany, the other being the Bundesrat. It is thus the historical successor to the earlier Reichstag. The members of the Bundestag are representatives of the German people as a whole, are not bound by any orders or instructions and are only accountable to their conscience. As of the current 21st legislative period, the Bundestag has a fixed number of 630 members. The Bundestag is elected every four years by German citizens aged 18 and older. Elections use a mixed-member proportional representation system which combines First-past-the-post voting for constituency-seats with proportional representation to ensure its composition mirrors the national popular v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consumer Choice
The theory of consumer choice is the branch of microeconomics that relates preferences to consumption expenditures and to consumer demand curves. It analyzes how consumers maximize the desirability of their consumption (as measured by their preferences subject to limitations on their expenditures), by maximizing utility subject to a consumer budget constraint. Factors influencing consumers' evaluation of the utility of goods include: income level, cultural factors, product information and physio-psychological factors. Consumption is separated from production, logically, because two different economic agents are involved. In the first case, consumption is determined by the individual. Their specific tastes or preferences determine the amount of utility they derive from goods and services they consume. In the second case, a producer has different motives to the consumer in that they are focussed on the profit they make. This is explained further by producer theory. The models ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smart Thermostat
Smart thermostats are Wi-Fi thermostats that can be used with home automation and are responsible for controlling a home's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. They perform similar functions as a programmable thermostat as they allow the user to control the temperature of their home throughout the day using a schedule, but also contain additional features, such as Wi-Fi connectivity, that improve upon the issues with programming. Like other Wi-Fi thermostats, they are connected to the Internet via a Wi-Fi network. They allow users to adjust heating settings from other internet-connected devices, such as a laptop or smartphones. This allows users to control the thermostat remotely. This ease of use is essential for ensuring energy savings: studies have shown that households with programmable thermostats actually have higher energy consumption than those with simple thermostats because residents program them incorrectly or disable them completely. Smart thermostats also recor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meal Kit
A meal kit is a subscription service–foodservice business model where a company sends customers pre-portioned and sometimes partially prepared food ingredients and recipes to prepare home-cooked meals. Services that send pre-cooked meals are called meal delivery services. This subscription model has been cited as an example of the personalization of the food and beverage industry. A meal kit is not to be confused with convenience food, which is cooked and "prepared" at a kitchen facility before shipment—typically in a refrigerated container. History The business model originated in Denmark with the launch of Mad til Døren in 2003 followed by RetNemt in 2006. It later spread to Sweden, which some sources describe as the country of origin, crediting either Kicki Theander's launch of Middagsfrid (roughly translated as "dinnertime bliss") in 2007, or Linas Matkasse, launched in 2008 by siblings Niklas Aronsson and Lina Gebäck. Middagsfrid quickly spread to several other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Waste
The causes of food going uneaten are numerous and occur throughout the food system, during food production, production, food processing, processing, Food distribution, distribution, Grocery store, retail and food service sales, and Social class differences in food consumption, consumption. Overall, about one-third of the world's food is thrown away. A similar amount is lost on top of that by feeding human-edible food to farm animals (the net effect wastes an estimated 1144 kcal/person/day). A 2021 meta-analysis, that did not include food lost during production, by the United Nations Environment Programme found that food waste was a challenge in all countries at all levels of economic development. The analysis estimated that global food waste was 931 million tonnes of food waste (about 121 kg per capita) across three sectors: 61 percent from Household waste, households, 26 percent from Foodservice, food service and 13 percent from Food retailer, retail. Food loss and waste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waste Hierarchy
The waste management hierarchy, waste hierarchy, or "hierarchy of waste management options", is a tool#Non-material usage, tool used in the evaluation of processes that Environmental protection, protect the environment alongside resource consumption, resource and energy consumption from most favourable to least favourable actions. The hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities based on sustainability. To be sustainable, waste management cannot be solved only with technical end-of-pipe solutions and an integrated approach is necessary. The hierarchy indicates an order of preference for action to reduce and manage waste, and is usually presented diagrammatically in the form of a pyramid. The hierarchy captures the progression of a material or product through successive stages of waste management, and represents the latter part of the Product lifecycle, life-cycle for each product. The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Net Zero Emissions
Global net-zero emissions is reached when greenhouse gas emissions and removals due to human activities are in balance. It is often called simply net zero. ''Emissions'' can refer to all greenhouse gases or only carbon dioxide (). Reaching net zero is necessary to stop further global warming. It requires deep cuts in emissions, for example by shifting from fossil fuels to sustainable energy, improving energy efficiency and halting deforestation. A small remaining fraction of emissions can then be offset using carbon dioxide removal. People often use the terms ''net-zero emissions'', ''carbon neutrality,'' and ''climate neutrality'' with the same meaning. However, in some cases, these terms have different meanings. For example, some standards for ''carbon neutral certification'' allow a lot of carbon offsetting. But ''net zero standards'' require reducing emissions to more than 90% and then only offsetting the remaining 10% or less to fall in line with 1.5 °C targets. Organ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
