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Tirugaṇita-pañcāṅgam
''Tirugaṇita-pañcāṅgam'', also known as ''Dṛggaṇita pañcāṅgam'', is an almanac popular among Tamil speaking people in India and the world over. It is based on the modern values of the various astronomical parameters and it incorporates modern formulas and computational schemes. It was introduced by Chinthamani Ragoonatha Chary (1822 – 5 February 1880) an Indian astronomer attached to the then Madras Observatory. There is another almanac known as Vākyapañcāṅgam, also popular among Tamil speaking people which is based on the astronomical data and computational methods propounded in the various ''Siddhānta'' texts like the ''Sūrya-Siddhānta'' and which uses the text '' Vākyakaraṇa'' of anonymous authorship as the basic source book. The ''Dṛggaṇita pañcāṅgam'' popular among Tamil speaking people is not to be confused with the ''Dṛggaṇita pañcāṅgam'' popular among Malayalam speaking people. The latter is the nearly unanimous choice of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vākyapañcāṅga
Two types of almanacs are popular among the Tamil speaking people in India, and the world over. They are known by the names ''Vākyapañcāṅga'' and ''Thirugaṇita-pañcāṅga''. The latter is also known as ''Dṛggaṇita pañcāṅga''. This is not to be confused with the ''Dṛggaṇita pañcāṅga'', the nearly unanimous choice of almanac of Malayalam speaking people, established by Vatasseri Parameshvara Nambudiri (c. 1380–1460) who was a major Indian mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics founded by Madhava of Sangamagrama. The ''Vākyapañcāṅga'' is based on the astronomical data and computational methods propounded in the various ''Siddhānta'' texts like the ''Sūrya-Siddhānta'' and uses the text '' Vākyakaraṇa'' of anonymous authorship as the basic source book. The ''Thirugaṇita-pañcāṅga'' is based on the modern values of the various astronomical parameters and incorporates modern formulas and computational sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinthamani Ragoonatha Chary
Chinthamani Ragoonatha Chary (1822 or "17 March" 1828 – 5 February 1880) was an Indian astronomer who worked at the Madras Observatory along with N.R. Pogson. He was the first Indian Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and is known for his studies of variable stars and the discovery of ''R Reticuli'' in 1867. Early life Little is known about Chary's personal life. It is believed that he was born in Madras in about 1822. However, in official records, his birthdate has been recorded as 1828 and given in some sources as 17 March. Chary's ancestors were Hindu astronomers who prepared Hindu astrological almanacs called ''Panchangam''s. He lived in Nungambakkam and joined the Madras Observatory in 1840 as a "coolie" under Thomas Glanville Taylor. Career By 1864, Chary had gathered enough knowledge of mathematics to be appointed as astronomer at the observatory. He forged a productive partnership with N. R. Pogson, director of the Madras observatory. His main responsibi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drigganita
Drigganita (दृग्गणित; IAST: dṛggaṇita, from dṛk-gaṇita, "sight-calculation"), also called the Drik system, is a system of astronomical computations followed by several traditional astronomers, astrologers and almanac makers in India. In this system the computations are performed using certain basic constants derived from observations of astronomical phenomena. The almanacs computed using the methods of Drigganita are referred to as Drigganita Panchangas. The Drigganita system is in contrast to the method followed by some other almanac makers who use the values given in the ancient astronomical treatise known by the name Surya Siddhanta. The almanacs computed using this treatise are known as ''Sydhantic Panchangas''. They are also known as ''Vakya Panchangas''. In the history of astronomy in India, two different Drigganita systems have been introduced at two different points of time and at two different geographical locations. The first system was introdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamil People
The Tamils ( ), also known by their endonym Tamilar, are a Dravidian ethnic group who natively speak the Tamil language and trace their ancestry mainly to the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Tamil language is one of the longest-surviving classical languages, with over two thousand years of written history, dating back to the Sangam period (between 300 BCE and 300 CE). Tamils constitute about 5.7% of the Indian population and form the majority in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry. They also form significant proportions of the populations in Sri Lanka (15.3%), Malaysia (7%) and Singapore (5%). Tamils have migrated world-wide since the 19th century CE and a significant population exists in South Africa, Mauritius, Fiji, as well as other regions such as the Southeast Asia, Middle East, Caribbean and parts of the Western World. Archaeological evidence from Tamil Nadu indicates a continuous history of human occupat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madras Observatory
The Madras Observatory was an astronomical observatory which had its origins in a private observatory set up by William Petrie in 1786 and later moved and managed by the British East India Company from 1792 in Madras (now known as Chennai). The main purpose for establishing it was to assist in navigation and mapping by recording the latitude and maintaining time standards. In later years the observatory also made observations on stars and geomagnetism. The observatory ran from around 1792 to 1931 and a major work was the production of a comprehensive catalogue of stars. History The observatory was established due to the efforts of William Petrie, an amateur astronomer who had a small private observatory at Egmore in Madras. Petrie's original observatory was established in 1786 and was made of iron and timber. In 1789, Petrie gifted his instruments to the Madras Government before retiring to England. Sir Charles Oakley accepted Petrie's plea to establish an official observato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vākyakaraṇa
''Vākyakaraṇa'' is the source book of ''Vākyapañcāṅga'' which is a type of almanac popular among Tamil speaking people of South India. In ''Vākyapañcāṅga'', the positions of the celestial entities and the timings of celestial events as obtained using the computational methods expounded in the text ''Vākyakaraṇa''. These methods make use of astronomical tables compiled centuries ago. Each entry in such tables is in the form of a ''vākya'', that is, a sentence in Sanskrit, and it represents some numerical value encoded using the Katapayadi system, ''kaṭapayādi'' scheme. Different sets of such ''vākya''-s have been compiled for different celestial entities. One such set is ''Chandravakyas, Cāndrvākya''-s which is a set of 247 values relating to the position of the Moon. The original set of ''Chandravakyas, Cāndrvākya''-s are attributed to the legendary Kerala astronomer Vararuci. These were later revised by Madhava of Sangamagrama, Mādhava of Saṅgamagrāma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parameshvara Nambudiri
Vatasseri Parameshvara Nambudiri ( 1380–1460) was a major Indian mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics founded by Madhava of Sangamagrama. He was also an astrologer. Parameshvara was a proponent of observational astronomy in medieval India and he himself had made a series of eclipse observations to verify the accuracy of the computational methods then in use. Based on his eclipse observations, Parameshvara proposed several corrections to the astronomical parameters which had been in use since the times of Aryabhata. The computational scheme based on the revised set of parameters has come to be known as the ''Drgganita'' or Drig system. Parameshvara was also a prolific writer on matters relating to astronomy. At least 25 manuscripts have been identified as being authored by Parameshvara. Biographical details Parameshvara was a Hindu of Bhrgugotra following the Ashvalayanasutra of the Rigveda. Parameshvara's family name (''Illam'') was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerala School Of Astronomy And Mathematics
The Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics or the Kerala school was a school of Indian mathematics, mathematics and Indian astronomy, astronomy founded by Madhava of Sangamagrama in Kingdom of Tanur, Tirur, Malappuram district, Malappuram, Kerala, India, which included among its members: Parameshvara, Neelakanta Somayaji, Jyeshtadeva, Achyuta Pisharati, Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri and Achyuta Panikkar. The school flourished between the 14th and 16th centuries and its original discoveries seem to have ended with Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri, Narayana Bhattathiri (1559–1632). In attempting to solve astronomical problems, the Kerala school independently discovered a number of important mathematical concepts. Their most important results—series expansion for trigonometric functions—were described in Sanskrit verse in a book by Neelakanta called ''Tantrasangraha'' (around 1500), and again in a commentary on this work, called ''Tantrasangraha-vakhya'', of unknown authors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madhava Of Sangamagrama
Mādhava of Sangamagrāma (Mādhavan) Availabl/ref> () was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who is considered to be the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics in the Late Middle Ages. Madhava made pioneering contributions to the study of infinite series, calculus, trigonometry, geometry and algebra. He was the first to use infinite series approximations for a range of trigonometric functions, which has been called the "decisive step onward from the finite procedures of ancient mathematics to treat their limit-passage to infinity". Biography Little is known about Madhava's life with certainty. However, from scattered references to Madhava found in diverse manuscripts, historians of Kerala school have pieced together information about the mathematician. In a manuscript preserved in the Oriental Institute, Baroda, Madhava has been referred to as ''Mādhavan vēṇvārōhādīnām karttā ... Mādhavan Ilaññippaḷḷi Emprān''. It has been noted that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Pogson
Norman Robert Pogson, CIE (23 March 1829 – 23 June 1891) was an English astronomer who worked in India at the Madras observatory. He discovered several minor planets and made observations on comets. He introduced a mathematical scale of stellar magnitudes with the ratio of two successive magnitudes being the fifth root of one hundred (~2.512) and referred to as Pogson's ratio. Youth and education Norman was born in Nottingham, the son of George Owen Pogson, a hosiery manufacturer, lace dealer and commission agent, "with enough income to support an extended family", and his wife, Mary Ann. It was intended that he should follow his father into business, and he was accordingly sent for "commercial education", but he was fascinated by science, and his mother supported and encouraged this interest. His early education was largely informal. He left school at 16, intending to teach mathematics. At the age of eighteen, he calculated with the help of John Russell Hind of the Royal A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanchipuram
Kanchipuram (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: '; ), also known as Kanjeevaram, is a stand alone city corporation, satellite nodal city of Chennai in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu in the Tondaimandalam region, from Chennaithe capital of Tamil Nadu. Known as the ''City of Thousand Temples'', Kanchipuram is known for its temple architectures, 1000-pillared halls, huge temple towers and silk saris. Kanchipuram serves as one of the most important inland tourist destinations in India. Kanchipuram has become a centre of attraction for foreign tourists as well. The city covers an area of and an estimated population of 232,816 in 2011. It is the administrative headquarters of Kanchipuram District. Kanchipuram is well-connected by road and rail. Kanchipuram is a Tamil language, Tamil name formed by combining two words, "Mallotus (plant), kanchi" and "puram," together meaning "the city of kaanchi flowers" (due to the abundance of kaanchi flowers in those regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
