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Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny
Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny (SZD), ''Glider Experimental Works'' was a glider aircraft, glider design and research centre of the Polish aerospace industry after World War II, located in Bielsko-Biała. Through its history it underwent many organizational and name changes, among others in 1946-1948 it was ''Instytut Szybownictwa''. After 1969 it existed under other names, but an abbreviation SZD continued to be used on designs. The SZD gliders themselves were produced in the production centre in Bielsko-Biała, organized around the SZD (from 1990s named PZL-Bielsko), and by several other works of the state aerospace industry and didn't bear specific manufacturer's names. Beginnings Just after World War II, which destroyed most of Polish pre-war gliders and - more importantly - their production blueprints,http://www.samolotypolskie.pl on SZD, op.cit. the Main Scouts' Gliding Centre (''Centralny Harcerski Ośrodek Szybowcowy'') was created in Bielsko-Biała in May 1945, by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-6x Nietoperz
The SZD-6x Nietoperz was a single-seat tail-less experimental glider aircraft that was designed and built in Poland at ''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' (Glider Experimental Works) in Bielsko-Biała in 1951. Only one example was constructed (with registration SP-1220). Development The SZD-6x Nietoperz (''Bat'') was designed and built to research tail-less aircraft, and the control of them. Main designers were Władysław Nowakowski and Justyn Sandauer. Built in a conventional fashion using wood throughout, fabric covering and steel for highly stressed parts and fittings the SZD-6x was a cantilever monoplane with the cranked wing attached to a short fuselage pod at the mid position. The inner portion of each wing was markedly swept forward out to approx. quarter-span, where the swept-back outer wing panels were attached. This is arrangement allowed for maximum distance between the centre of gravity and the vertical stabilizer, and placed the pilot at the centre of gravity, so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-19 Zefir
The SZD-19 Zefir (''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works) is a single-seat glider aircraft that was designed and built in Poland from 1957. Although they all bore the same name, the different versions of Zefir were actually quite different gliders in terms of materials used, design and performance. What unified them most was the person of the lead designer - Bugumił Szuba and the use of large Fowler flaps to get superior (for the era) performance both at low and high-speed flight. The Zefir series (in particular Zefir-3, with its L/D of 42+) is perhaps the ultimate design of the wooden glider construction era. Intended to replace the SZD-8 Jaskółka as the Polish team mount at the World Gliding Championships in 1958 in Leszno, the SZD-19 Zefir was a high-wing glider with a wooden and glass-fibre fuselage, retractable undercarriage and all-metal wings incorporating hydraulically actuated flaps. The first prototype SZD-19X Zefir flew on 31 December ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-18 Czajka
The SZD-18 Czajka (''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works) (Czajka in ) was a single-seat glider designed and built in Poland in 1956. Development The last attempt by the LPŻ ('' Liga Przyjaciół Żołnierza'' – Soldier's Friends League) paramilitary organization to design a single-seat training glider, after SZD-15 and SZD-16 designs, was the SZD-18 Czajka (''lapwing''), which appeared in 1956. It had a simple structure, box fuselage, strutted high wing and low performance typical for the primary type of training glider. The LPŻ held a competition in 1955 for the design of a new primary style single-seat trainer, which was won in March 1955 by the design by Tadeusz Grudzieński, named X-11.Krzyżan, Marian, ''Samoloty w muzeach polskich'' ircraft in the Polish museums Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności, 1983, , p. 140 The prototype glider was constructed in the SZD in Bielsko by Władysław Okarmus, and designated SZD-18. Fli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-17x Jaskółka L
The SZD-17X Jaskółka L was a single-seat high-performance competition glider designed and built in Poland at ''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' (Glider Experimental Works) in Bielsko-Biała in 1955. Development The SZD-17X Jaskółka L (''Swallow Laminar'') drew on the experience gained from developing the SZD-11 and SZD-14X gliders combined with new laminar flow aerofoil sections and flaps, as well as provision for water ballast and a fully retractable undercarriage. Main designer was Tadeusz Kostia, main constructor Jan Dyrek. Construction of the SZD-17X was of conventional wooden semi-monocoque fuselage and thick skinned wooden wings with wooden spars, retaining the Jerzy Rudlicki's butterfly tail of the SZD-14X. First flight of the SZD-17X took place at Bielsko airfield, flown by Adam Zientek, on 9 March 1956. Four aircraft, (reg'n no.'s SP-1504 to SP-1507), were built for use in 1956 World Gliding Championships, but performance fell short of expectations and they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-16 Gil
The SZD-25A Lis (''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works) was a single-seat glider aircraft that was designed and built in Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ... from 1955, derived from the SZD-16 Gil and SZD-25 Nov. Development Although design of the SZD-16 Gil was started in 1955, the prototype was not completed until 1958, when interest in gliders with metal structures increased. The SZD-16 was a simple single-seat training glider originally intended to form part of the LPŻ (Soldier's Friends League) aero clubs training regime. The main designer was Zbigniew Badura. The fuselage was of metal and the wings were of wood. The single-seat training methods were abandoned at around the time of the SZD-16's first flight, but the prototyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-15 Sroka
The SZD-15 Sroka (''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works) was a single-seat glider designed and built in Poland in 1956. Development The SZD-15 Sroka (''Magpie'') was designed as a replacement for the IS-B Komar in the single-seat trainer role, at the request of the LPŻ (Soldier's Friends League) from 1955. Of typical wooden construction with plywood or fabric covering, the SZD-15 Sroka was typical of many contemporary club training gliders throughout Europe. The main designer on the project was Z. Badura.Babiejczuk, Janusz and Grzegorzewski, Jerzy. ''Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973'' olish aerospace industry 1945-1973 Warsaw: Wydawnictwo MON, 1974, p. 123 The first prototype, named 'Pionier' (registration SP-1598) was flown on 25 February 1956 by Stanisław Skrzydlewski at Bielsko, leading to modifications to improve the room in the cockpit, re-position the winch launch hook to increase directional stability during winch launching, and to incr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-14x Jaskółka M
The SZD-14X Jaskółka M was a single-seat glider designed and built in Poland at ''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works in Bielsko-Biała in 1954. This was an experimental prototype, and only one unit was constructed. Development The SZD-14X Jaskółka M was developed from the SZD-8bis Jaskółka (''Swallow'') for research into the construction, control and characteristics of 'V' or butterfly tail surfaces.Simons, Martin. Sailplanes 1945-1965 2nd revised ed. EQIP Werbung und Verlag G.m.b.H.. Königswinter. 2006. Using the airframe of the second prototype SZD-8 a 'V' tail was added to the rear fuselage, with arrangements for the balance of the surfaces and the angle between them to be adjusted as required. The designer was Tadeusz Kostia, the constructor was Władysław Okarmus.Babiejczuk, Grzegorzewski. ''Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973'', p. 120 First flown by Adam Zientek at Bielsko on 23 July 1954, the SZD-14 was found to be easy to fly wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-13 Wampir
The SZD-13 Wampir (''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works) was a single-seat tail-less glider designed and built in Poland from 1955. Development The SZD-13 Wampir was a development of the SZD-6X Nietoperz The SZD-6x Nietoperz was a single-seat tail-less experimental glider aircraft that was designed and built in Poland at ''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' (Glider Experimental Works) in Bielsko-Biała in 1951. Only one example was constructed ..., using a NACA laminar flow aerofoil. Main designer was Irena Kaniewska. Wind tunnel tests on the prototype were not encouraging, so it was not flown, in favor of the more advanced SZD-20 Wampir II. Specifications and predicted performance (SZD-13 Wampir) See also References *Taylor, J. H. (ed) (1989) ''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''. Studio Editions: London. p. 29 External links *http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd13.htm *http://www.vintagesailplanes.de/SZD_Wampir.html {{Polish glide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-12 Mucha 100
The SZD-12 Mucha 100 (''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works) was a single-seat glider aircraft that was designed and built in Poland from 1953. Development The SZD-12 Mucha (''Fly'') 100 was derived from the IS-2 Mucha-ter for use by aero clubs throughout Poland. Two hundred and ninety were built with 73 exported to several countries and an unknown number were licence-built in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Constructed from wood/plywood throughout, the Mucha 100 was much improved from the IS-2 Mucha, with smoother surfaces, better aerodynamics and comprehensive instruments and equipment including a KF-18 oxygen system, lighting and instruments for cloud flying. Pilot comfort was improved by slightly reclining the seat back and increasing legroom, and visibility was increased through a larger one-piece cockpit canopy. Schempp-Hirth style airbrakes replaced the DFS style airbrakes of the IS-2, external mass balances fitted to the ailerons cur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-11 Albatros
The SZD-11 Albatros was a single-seat glider aircraft that was designed and built in Poland at ''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works in Bielsko-Biała in 1954. Only one prototype was completed and flown. Development Based on a fuselage of the SZD-8 Jaskółka The SZD-8 Jaskółka was a single-seat glider aircraft that was designed and built in Poland at ''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' (Glider Experimental Works) in Bielsko-Biała from 1951. Development With prototypes rolled out in September a ..., the SZD-11 Albatros was designed to investigate the performance of aircraft during flight in thermal lift. The main designer was Justyn Sandauer, and the main constructor was J. Niespał. Babiejczuk, Janusz and Grzegorzewski, Jerzy. ''Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973'' (Polish aerospace industry 1945-197). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo MON, 1974, p. 120 With wings of greater span, and reduced empty weight, the wing loading was reduced, markedly improvin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SZD-10 Czapla
The SZD-10 Czapla (''Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny'' - Glider Experimental Works) was a two-seat training glider aircraft that was designed and built in Poland from 1953. Development The Czapla (''Heron'') was a tandem two-seat training glider, with a strut- supported, forward-swept, high-set wing and a welded steel tube fuselage with fabric covering. Design of the Czapla commenced in 1952 to the order of the ''Soldier's Friends' League'' paramilitary organization, to enable aeroclubs to train glider pilots in a two-seat trainee/instructor system. Main designers were Roman Zatwarnicki, Irena Kaniewska and Marian Gracz. The Czapla was designed to be launched by bungee, winch or aero-tow, and the prototype first flew on 23 November 1953, demonstrating the need for several improvements, which were introduced in the second prototype (flown on 26 March 1954) and the production model SZD-10bis Czapla. Babiejczuk, Janusz and Grzegorzewski, Jerzy. ''Polski przemysł lotniczy 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
