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Sulaymaniyya Takiyya
The Sulaymaniyya Takiyya (; ) is a '' takiyya'' ( Ottoman-era Arabic name for a mosque complex which served as a Sufi convent) in Damascus, Syria, located on the right bank of the Barada River.. Commissioned by the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, the western building of the complex was built, following the plans of Mimar Sinan, between 1554 and 1559. Another building was added eastwards from it in 1566 to be used as a madrasa (which became known as the Salimiyya Madrasa, named after Suleiman's son Selim II, although this building too may have been commissioned by Suleiman before his death). Although ''not'' the first Ottoman building in Damascus (that is considered to have been the Salimiyya Takiyya in as-Salihiyya), the Sulaymaniyya Takiyya is considered to have marked the introduction of the Ottoman architectural style to Damascus. In the centuries following its construction, the Sulaymaniyya Takiyya became an important stop on the "Syrian route" of pilgrims to Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damascus
Damascus ( , ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. Known colloquially in Syria as () and dubbed, poetically, the "City of Jasmine" ( ), Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world. Situated in southwestern Syria, Damascus is the center of a large metropolitan area. Nestled among the eastern foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean on a plateau above sea level, Damascus experiences an arid climate because of the rain shadow effect. The Barada, Barada River flows through Damascus. Damascus is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. First settled in the 3rd millennium BC, it was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750. Afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Salihiyah, Damascus
Al-Salihiyah () is a municipality and neighborhood of Damascus, Syria. It lies to the northwest of the old walled city of Damascus and about southeast of the Citadel, at the foot of Mount Qasioun. The quarter is famous as a resting place of venerated Islamic scholars, such as the mystic Sufi scholar and philosopher Ibn Arabi and the Hanabila Mosque. Further to the south, it also houses the Syrian Parliament building. Neighborhoods *Abu Jarash Abu Jarash () is a neighborhood and district of the al-Salihiyah municipality of Damascus, Syria. It had a population of 12,798 in the 2004 census. In the 1936 French Mandate census, Abu Jarash had a population of 9,600, all Muslims. The neighbor ... (pop. 12,798) *Al-Madaris (pop. 12,731) *Al-Mazra'a (pop. 6,818) *Qasyoun (pop. 22,017) *Shaykh Muhyi ad-Din (pop. 11,502) *Ash-Shuhada (pop. 6,437) References Neighborhoods of Damascus {{DamascusSY-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanafi School
The Hanafi school or Hanafism is the oldest and largest Madhhab, school of Islamic jurisprudence out of the four schools within Sunni Islam. It developed from the teachings of the Faqīh, jurist and theologian Abu Hanifa (), who systemised the use of reasoning (). Hanafi legal theory primarily derives law from the Quran, the sayings and practices of Muhammad (''sunnah''), scholarly consensus () and analogical reasoning (), but also considers juristic discretion () and local customs (). It is distinctive in its greater usage of ''qiyas'' than other schools. The school spread throughout the Muslim world under the patronage of various Islamic empires, including the Abbasids and Seljuk Empire, Seljuks. The Central Asian region of Transoxiana emerged as a centre of classical Hanafi scholarship between the 10th and 12th centuries, which gave rise to the Maturidi school of theology. The Ottoman Empire adopted Hanafism as its official school of law and influenced the legal thought of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ablaq
''Ablaq'' (; particolored; literally 'piebald') is an architectural technique involving alternating or fluctuating rows of light and dark stone. It is an Arabic term describing a technique associated with Islamic architecture in the Arab world. It may have its origins in earlier Byzantine architecture in the region, where alternating layers of white stone and orange brick were used in construction. The technique is used primarily for decorative effect. Origins The ''ablaq'' decorative technique is thought to possibly be a derivative from the ancient Byzantine Empire, whose architecture used alternate sequential runs of light colored ashlar stone and darker colored orange brick. The first clearly recorded use of ''ablaq'' masonry is found in repairs to the north wall of the Great Mosque of Damascus in 1109. The technique may have originated in Syria, where the local stone supply may have encouraged the use of alternating courses of light and dark stone. In the southern part of Sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Damascus (1400)
The siege of Damascus (also known as the Sack of Damascus and the Capture of Damascus) was a major event in 1400–01 during the war between the Timurid Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate. Background Timur was one of the most powerful Central Asian rulers since Genghis Khan. By long and relentless fighting, he sought to rebuild the Mongol Empire of his predecessors. Prior to attacking Syrian cities, Timur had initially sent an ambassador to Damascus who was executed by the city's Mamluk viceroy, Sudun. In 1400, he started a war with the Mamluk sultan of Egypt Nasir-ad-Din Faraj and invaded Mamluk Syria. Timur's forces took Aleppo in November 1400. He massacred many of the inhabitants, ordering the building of a tower of 20,000 skulls outside the city. After taking Aleppo, Timur continued his advance where he took Hama, along with nearby Homs and Baalbek, and besieged Damascus. Battle Timur had initially camped at Qubbat Sayyar near Al-Rabweh, west of Damascus. He then raided the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamerlane
Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol tradition, Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly. Timur is also considered a great patron of art and architecture, for he interacted with intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun, Hafez, and Hafiz-i Abru and his reign introduced the Timurid Renaissance. Born into the Turkification, Turkicized Mongol confederation of the Barlas in Transoxiana (in modern-day Uzbekistan) in the 1320s, Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370. From that base he led military campaigns across Western Asia, Western, South Asia, South, and Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Southern Russia, defeating in the process the Khans of the Gol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baibars
Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari (; 1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), commonly known as Baibars or Baybars () and nicknamed Abu al-Futuh (, ), was the fourth Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria, of Turkic Kipchak origin, in the Bahri dynasty, succeeding Qutuz. He was one of the commanders of the Muslim forces that inflicted a defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France. He also led the vanguard of the Mamluk army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which marked the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army and is considered a turning point in history. The reign of Baybars marked the start of an age of Mamluk dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean and solidified the durability of their military system. He managed to pave the way for the end of the Crusader presence in the Levant and reinforced the union of Egypt and Syria as the region's pre-eminent Muslim state, able to fend off threats from both Crusaders and Mongols, and even managed to subdue th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Åžemsi Pasha
Sultanzade Şemsi Ahmed Pasha, known simply as Şemsi Pasha (; d. 5 March 1580), was an Ottoman nobleman and ''beylerbey'' who occupied several high-ranking posts, serving at various stages as the Ottoman governor-general of the ''beylerbeyliks'' of Damascus, Anatolia and Rumeli. Ancestry Born in Bolu, in the Ottoman Eyalet of Anatolia, Şemsi Pasha was the son of Mirza Mehmed Pasha, of the princely ''Candaroğulları'' dynasty that reigned in the principality of Eflani, Kastamonu and Sinop, and a descendant of Şemseddin Yaman Candar Bey, the dynasty's eponymous founder and first ''bey.'' His paternal grandfather was Kizil Ahmed Bey, son of Ibrahim II of Candar and an unknown consort. Ibrahim subsequently married Selçuk Hatun, daughter of Mehmed I. His mother was Şahnisa Sultan of the Ottoman dynasty, youngest daughter of Şehzade Abdullah, son of Sultan Bayezid II, making Şemsi Pasha the great-grandson of Mehmed the Conqueror''.'' Life Raised in the imperial resi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selim I
Selim I (; ; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (), was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite lasting only eight years, his reign is notable for the enormous expansion of the Empire, particularly his Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517), conquest between 1516 and 1517 of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, which included all of the Levant, Hejaz, Tihamah and Egypt itself. On the eve of his death in 1520, the Ottoman Empire spanned about , having grown by seventy percent during Selim's reign. Selim's conquest of the Middle Eastern heartlands of the Muslim world, and particularly his assumption of the role of guardian of the Hajj, pilgrimage routes to Mecca and Medina, established the Ottoman Empire as the pre-eminent Muslim state. His conquests dramatically shifted the empire's geographical and cultural center of gravity away from the Balkans and toward the Middle East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Åžehzade Cihangir
Şehzade Cihangir (; 1531 – 27 November 1553) was an Ottoman prince, the sixth and youngest child of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his wife Roxelana, Hürrem Sultan. Life Cihangir was born in 1531 in Constantinople during the reign of his father, Suleiman the Magnificent. His mother was Roxelana, Hürrem Sultan, an Orthodox priest's daughter, who was the current Sultan's concubine at the time. In 1533 or 1534, his mother, Hürrem, was freed and became Suleiman's legal wife. He had four elder brothers, Şehzade Mehmed, Şehzade Selim (future Selim II), Şehzade Bayezid and Şehzade Abdullah, who died at three years old, and an elder sister Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I), Mihrimah Sultan. He was educated together with his older brothers under supervision of his time. He wrote poems with the pen name ''Zarifi'', and was also interested in calligraphy. Between November 26 and December 8, 1539, a ceremony was held and celebrating circumcision of Cihangir and his eld ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Åžehzade Mustafa
Şehzade Mustafa (; – 6 October 1553) was an Ottoman prince, son of sultan Suleiman I and his concubine Mahidevran Hatun. He was Suleiman's oldest survived son, the governor of Manisa from 1533 to 1541 and of Amasya from 1541 to 1553, when he was executed by his father's order on charges of sedition and treason. Early life Mustafa was born around 1516 or 1517 in Manisa to Suleiman, when he was a prince, and his concubine Mahidevran Hatun. Suleiman ascended the throne in 1520, after the death of his father Selim I and his princely harem from Manisa which included Mustafa and his mother, Mahidevran came to reside in the Old Palace in Constantinople some weeks after his grandmother- who had arrived on December 18, 1520. Following the deaths of his older half-brothers, Mahmud and Murad in October 1521, Mustafa became his father's only heir besides the newborn Mehmed born of the new and only favourite concubine of his father's reign, Hürrem Sultan, from whom further so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
