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Socotá Formation
The Socotá Formation (, Kis) is a formation (geology), geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Cordillera Oriental (Colombia), Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consisting of a lower unit of calcareous sandstones and an upper sequence of shales dates to the Cretaceous, Early Cretaceous period; Aptian, Late Aptian epoch and in Quipile has a measured thickness of with large regional variations. The formation hosts ammonite fossils. Etymology The formation was defined as a thicker sequence and named in 1969 by Cáceres and Fernando Etayo, Etayo after Socotá, a vereda of Apulo, Cundinamarca Department, Cundinamarca. The name Socotá in Chibcha language, Muysccubun, the language of the native Muisca, means either "Land of the Sun and farmfields" or "Good harvest". Description Lithologies The Socotá Formation has a maximum thickness of , and is characterised by a lower sequence of calcareous sandstones and an upper part of shales. Fossils of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aptian
The Aptian is an age (geology), age in the geologic timescale or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early or Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 annum, Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous. The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western Europe, Western European Urgonian Stage. The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 annum, Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years, being marked by enhanced silicate weathering, as well as ocean acidification. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma. Stratigraphic definitions The Aptian was named after the small city o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandstone
Sandstone is a Clastic rock#Sedimentary clastic rocks, clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of grain size, sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate mineral, silicate grains, Cementation (geology), cemented together by another mineral. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar, because they are the most resistant minerals to the weathering processes at the Earth's surface. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be imparted any color by impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Because sandstone beds can form highly visible cliffs and other topography, topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have become strongly identified with certain regions, such as the red rock deserts of Arches National Park and other areas of the Southwestern United States, American Southwest. Rock formations composed of sandstone usually allow the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caballos Formation
The Caballos Formation (, KI) is a geological formation of the Upper Magdalena Valley (VSM), Caguán-Putumayo Basin, Central and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sandstone and shale formation dates to the Middle Cretaceous period; Aptian to Albian epochs and has a maximum thickness of . Etymology The formation was defined and named in 1967 by Corrigan after Cerro Caballos, to the west of Olaya Herrera, Tolima.Velandia et al., 2001, p.53 Description Lithologies The Caballos Formation has a maximum thickness of in the Quebrada Bambucá and is characterized by a lower sequence of fine to coarse sandstones, of lithic arenite, quartz arenite and feldspar arenite composition, a middle section of fossiliferous black shales and siltstones, intercalated by micritic limestones and coals and very fine sandstones. The upper part of the formation contains conglomerates and glauconitic sandstones. Stratigraphy and depositional environment The Caballos Formation in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acanthoplites
''Acanthohoplites'' is an extinct genus of ammonites in the family Parahoplitidae that lived in the Aptian and Early Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Taxonomy The taxonomic position in the ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' Pt L, 1957 placed the genus into the family Deshayesitidae. Newer classifications have revised that placement and the genus is now included into the family Parahoplitidae. '' Parahoplites'' and '' Hypacanthoplites'' are similar genera. Description These ammonites have a strongly ribbed shell and ammonitic suture. Early whorls are coronate, which later become round, then oval in section. Primary ribs may have swellings (bullae) at the umbilicus or are without. In early stages primary ribs branch mid flank at prominent lateral tubercles. In later stages lateral tubercles are reduced or absent and primary ribs branch simply at the umbilical shoulder or, again, mid flank. Sutural elements are subquadrate with narrow, shallow embayments. The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dufrenoyia
''Dufrenoyia'' is an extinct genus of Cretaceous Ammonitida, ammonites included in the family Parahoplitidae. These fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived in the Cretaceous period (Aptian age).Sepkoski, JacSepkoski's Online Genus Database – Cephalopoda/ref> The type species of the genus is ''Ammonites dufrenoyi''. Species * ''Dufrenoyia codazziana'' Karsten, 1886 * ''Dufrenoyia dufrenoyi'' d'Orbigny, 1840 * ''Dufrenoyia furcata'' Sowerby, 1836 * ''Dufrenoyia justinae'' Hill, 1893 Distribution Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the Cretaceous sediments of Germany, Mexico, Morocco, Spain, the United Kingdom, United States, Colombia and Venezuela. References * Arkell ''et al.'', 1957. Mesozoic Ammonoidea. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L Ammonoidea. Geological Soc of America and University of Kansas press. Ammonitida genera Ancyloceratina Cretaceous ammonites Early Cretaceous ammonites of North America {{ammonitida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muisca
The Muisca (also called the Chibcha) are indigenous peoples in Colombia and were a Pre-Columbian culture of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense that formed the Muisca Confederation before the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The Muisca speak Muysccubun, a language of the Chibchan language family, also called ''Muysca'' and ''Mosca''. The first known contact with Europeans in the region was in 1537 during the Spanish conquest of New Granada. In New Spain, Spanish clerics and civil officials had a major impact on the Muisca, attempting to Christianize and incorporate them into the Spanish Empire as subjects. Postconquest Muisca culture underwent significant changes due to the establishment of the New Kingdom of Granada. Sources for the Muisca are far less abundant than for the Aztec Empire of Mesoamerica or the Inca Empire and their incorporation to the Spanish Empire during the colonial era. In the New Kingdom of Granada and into the colonial era, the Muisca became "th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chibcha Language
Chibcha, Mosca, Muisca, Muysca (*/ˈmɨska/ * ˆmʷɨska, or Muysca de Bogotá is a language spoken by the Muisca people, one of the many indigenous cultures of the Americas. The Muisca inhabit the Altiplano Cundiboyacense of what today is the country of Colombia. The name of the language ''Muysc cubun'' in its own language means "language of the people", from ''muysca'' ("people") and ''cubun'' ("language" or "word"). Despite the disappearance of the language in the 17th century (approximately), several language revitalization processes are underway within the current Muisca communities. The Muisca people remain ethnically distinct and their communities are recognized by the Colombian state. Important scholars who have contributed to the knowledge of the Muisca language include Juan de Castellanos, Bernardo de Lugo, José Domingo Duquesne and Ezequiel Uricoechea. Classification The Muysca language is part of the Chibcha linguistic family, which in turn belongs to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vereda
Vereda () is a subdivisional administrative part of a municipality in Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel .... A Vereda typically has a ''Junta de Acción Vecinal'' (Neighbourhood Action Committee). Official statistics are published at the level of Vereda. References Subdivisions of Colombia {{Colombia-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammonite
Ammonoids are extinct, (typically) coiled-shelled cephalopods comprising the subclass Ammonoidea. They are more closely related to living octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish (which comprise the clade Coleoidea) than they are to nautiluses (family Nautilidae). The earliest ammonoids appeared during the Emsian stage of the Early Devonian (410.62 million years ago), with the last species vanishing during or soon after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (66 million years ago). They are often called ammonites, which is most frequently used for members of the order Ammonitida, the only remaining group of ammonoids from the Jurassic up until their extinction. Ammonoids exhibited considerable diversity over their evolutionary history, with over 10,000 species having been described. Ammonoids are excellent index fossils, and they have been frequently used to link rock layers in which a particular species or genus is found to specific Geologic time scale, geologic time periods. Their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
