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Sikandar Shah Suri
Sikandar Shah Suri (died 1559) was the last ruling Sur Empire#List of rulers of the Sur Empire, Sultan of Hindustan from the Sur Empire, Sur dynasty from February 1555 until his defeat on 22 June 1555, and the second-to-last ruler of the Sur Empire, Surids. His defeat by Humayun and loss of Delhi marked the end of the Sur Empire's 15-year rule over the throne of Hindustan, although the Suris continued to rule the eastern portions of the empire for another year. Early life Sikandar Shah Suri's actual name was Ahmad Khan Suri. He was the brother-in-law of sultan Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557), Muhammad Adil Shah. He was the Sur Empire, Surid governor of Lahore before declaring independence from Delhi in 1555.Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, , pp.94-6 Reign After becoming the independent sultan and bringing the Punjab under control, he marched towards the territory controlled by sultan Ibrahim Shah Suri. Sikandar defeated Ibrahim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sur Empire
The Sur Empire was an empire ruled by the Afghan (ethnonym), Afghan-origin Sur dynasty in North India, northern India for nearly 16 or 18 years, between 1538/1540 and 1556, with Sasaram (in modern-day Bihar) serving as its capital. It was founded by Sher Shah Suri. The Sur dynasty held control of nearly all the Mughal Empire territories along the Indo-Gangetic Plain, from Balochistan, Pakistan, eastern Balochistan in the west of Indus River to modern-day Rakhine State, Rakhine, Myanmar in the east. Even as Sher Shah Suri consolidated his power over North India, Eastern India was still considered to be the seat of Sur power in India. This is demonstrated by the fact that 8 of the 16 silver mint cities he established were in the region between Chunar and Padma Division, Fathabad. Reign of Sher Shah Suri War with the Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1537–1540) Sher Shah Suri's relentless campaigns on the Bengal Sultanate prompted its ruler to request aid from Humayun, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Mankot (1557)
The siege of Mankot (1557) was a major confrontation between the Sur Empire and the Mughal Empire led by a young Akbar. It was one of the last events of the Mughal reconquest, and the first major military encounter of the young Akbar, who was still under the regency of Bairam Khan. In 1557, Sikandar Shah Suri had taken refuge in the castle of Mankot with his troops. The Afghan garrison resisted during 6 months using artillery and matchlocks, but had to surrender when food ran out. Sikandar surrendered to the Mughal forces led by Bairam Khan on 25 July 1557. Sikandar was pardoned and entered the service of emperor Akbar, but soon fell out of favor.Abu'l Fazl, Akbarnama, tr. H. Beveridge, reprint, Delhi, 2002, vol.2, p.90-91 Illustrations of the siege were included in several editions of the ''Akbarnama''. References {{Mughal Empire, state=collapsed Mankot Mankot is a Village situated in Bageshwar district in the State of Uttarakhand, India. It is located at a distance o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah
Shāh (; ) is a royal title meaning "king" in the Persian language.Yarshater, Ehsa, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII, no. 1 (1989) Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh ( ), meaning " King of Kings" since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (; ), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent. Etymology The word descends from Old Persian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bakht Mal
Raja Bakht-Mal Pathania (1513–1558) was a King of Nurpur, who succeeded Raja Bhil Pal in 1513 who was in good terms with the Lodi dynasty of Delhi. During the conquest of India by Babar in 1526 the Nurpur kingdom became an ally to Babur's conquest. Later, on the flight of Babar's son Humayun in 1540 and the accession of Sher Shah Suri at Delhi, Bakht-Mal switched sides to the Sur dynasty. The Tarikh-i-Daudi says that the famous fortress of Maukot was erected in the Nurpur kingdom by Islam Shah Suri (1545–53) or it was fortified. It was nearest to the plains, almost halfway to Nurpur from Pathankot, situated on a low hill of Shiwalik range running east to the Chakki river. It was an enclosure surrounded by dense forests, a castle of great strength. It was a legend in its times, a saying was in vogue: ''Mau Ki Muhim Yaro Maut Ki Nishani Hai'', 'The expedition to Mau, friends is a call to death'. Islam Shah Suri had a narrow escape in an assassination attempt at Maukot. Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurpur Kingdom
Nurpur kingdom in the Himalayan foothills of India was founded in 1064 A.D at north-eastern Bari Doab between the Ravi and the Beas rivers at the fusion of Kangra, Duggar, Majha, Dharab and Chamba areas which ended in 1815. The remnants of Nurpur kingdom exist as ruined forts, restored temples, water bodies, and canals in Nurpur tehsil, Fatehpur tehsil, Pathankot tehsil, Dhar Kalan tehsil, Jawali tehsil, Indora tehsil, Bhattiyat tehsil, and Sihunta tehsil. History The Nurpur kingdom, originally known as Dhameri (धमेरी/دھمیری/ਧਮੇਰੀ), was founded towards the middle of the 11th century by Tomaras of Delhi. Jhetpal the founder of Nurpur Kingdom in 1064 A.D was the younger brother of Anangpal II of Tomara dynasty from the family of King Arjuna of Mahabharata fame, 2250 years before him. King Vikramaditya who began the Vikrama Samvat era in 57 BCE after defeating the Shakas belonged to the same lineage. The principal era to which the luni-sola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mau, Uttar Pradesh
Mau, also now known as Maunath Bhanjan, is an industrial town and the headquarter of the Mau district. It is located in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India. The town is known for its saree industry which is a traditional business and centuries old art of the people of this city. History From historical and archaeological point of views, Mau is one of the oldest places in the region. Ancient cultural and archaeological remains have been found at multiple places in the area giving enough evidence of long history of human habitat in the area. The known archaeological history of Mau is about 1500 years old, when the entire area was covered under thick dense forest. The nuts who used to live along Tamsa river, are considered to be the oldest inhabitants and the ruler of the area. As per the records on official webpage of the district, in 1028 A.D. Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud, King Syed Shalar Masood Ghazi came with a huge army to conquer the area but he went back to Afghanistan, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sivaliks
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas. The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture. Geography The Sivalik Hills are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches over about from the Indus River eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. It is wide with an average elevation of . Between the Teesta and Raidāk Rivers in Assam is a gap of about . They are well known for their Neogene and Pleistocene aged vertebrate fossils. Geology Geologically, the Sivalik Hills belong to the Tertiary deposits of the outer Himalayas. They are chiefly composed of sandstone and conglomerate rock formations, which are the solidified detritus of the Himalayas to their north; they are poorly consolidated. The sedimentary rocks comprising the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akbar
Akbar (Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, – ), popularly known as Akbar the Great, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in the Indian subcontinent. He is generally considered one of the greatest emperors in Indian history and led a successful campaign to unify the various kingdoms of '' Hindūstān'' or India proper. Quote: "Akbar, The greatest Mughal emperor of India." Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include much of the Indian subcontinent through Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance. To unify the vast Mughal state, Akbar established a centralised system of administration and adopted a policy of conciliating conquered rulers through marriage and diplomacy. To preserve peace and order in a religiously and culturally diverse empire, he adopted policies that won him the support of his no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bairam Khan
Muhammad Bairam Khan (; 18 January 1501 – 31 January 1561), commonly known as Bairam Khan or Bayram Khan was an important military commander, and later commander-in-chief of the Mughal Empire, Mughal army, a powerful statesman and regent at the court of the Mughal Emperors Humayun and Akbar. He was also the guardian, chief mentor, adviser, teacher and the most trusted ally of Akbar. Akbar honoured him as ''Khan-i-Khanan'', which means "King of Kings". Bairam was originally called Bairam "Baig, Beg", but later became honoured as Khan (title), Khan.Thackston, Wheeler M. (2002) ''The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor'' The Modern Library, New York, p.''xix'', Bairam Khan was an aggressive general who was determined to restore Mughal authority in India. Biography Early life and ancestors Bairam Khan was born in the region of Badakhshan in Central Asia, and belonged to the Baharlu (ethnic group), Baharlu Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman clan of the Kara Koyunlu co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalanaur, Punjab
Kalanaur is a tehsil in Gurdaspur District of Punjab state in India. It is located 25 km towards west from District headquarters Gurdaspur. This historical town is situated on newly constructed National Highway 354. The town has historical significance as Mughal Emperor Akbar, was enthroned in a garden near the Kalanaur by Bairam Khan. It was first established as a Principality by Prince Nakhashena, a brother of King Janamejaya, which was further ruled by his descendants known as Jarral Rajputs. Jarral rule in Kalanaur lasted for 350 Years. Demographics As per the 2011 census of India, Kalanaur has a population of 13642. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Those under 6 years of age constitute 10.76% of the population. The average literacy rate is 83.97%, which is higher than the Punjab average of 75.84%. Male literacy is at 87.35%, and female literacy at 80.28%. Geography Kalanaur is located at . It has an average elevation of 243 metres (797 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amritsar District
Amritsar district is one of the twenty three districts that make up the Indian state of Punjab, India, Punjab. Located in the Majha region of Punjab, the city of Amritsar is the headquarters of this district. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Punjab (out of List of districts of Punjab, India, 23), after Ludhiana district, Ludhiana. It is a border district of Punjab and lies along the India-Pakistan border. History Sur Empire (1540 - 1554) Sher Shah Suri, an Afghan monarch, defeated Kamran in 1540 and conquered Punjab, including Amritsar, which remained part of the Sur Empire until 1554. Sikh Empire The control of Amritsar was fully taken by Maharaja Ranjit Singh by 1802, after bringing all the Misls under his control. He also fortified Gobindgarh Fort along modern lines. British Amritsar district was annexed by the British from its former Sikhs, Sikh rulers after the Second Anglo-Sikh war, Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848–1849. During British Raj, Britis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab (, ) is a province of Pakistan. With a population of over 127 million, it is the most populous province in Pakistan and the second most populous subnational polity in the world. Located in the central-eastern region of the country, it has the largest economy, contributing the most to national GDP in Pakistan. Lahore is the capital and largest city of the province. Other major cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala and Multan. It is bordered by the Pakistani provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the north-west, Balochistan to the south-west and Sindh to the south, as well as Islamabad Capital Territory to the north-west and Azad Kashmir to the north. It shares an international border with the Indian states of Rajasthan and Punjab to the east and Indian-administered Kashmir to the north-east. Punjab is the most fertile province of the country as the Indus River and its four major tributaries Ravi, Jhelum, Chenab and Sutlej flow through it. The provin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
