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Rundfunk Anstalt Südtirol
The Rundfunkanstalt Südtirol (Italian language, Italian: ''Radiotelevisione Azienda Speciale'', Ladin language, Ladin: ''Radiotelevijion- Azienda per Südtirol'') is a public broadcasting service, completely funded by grants of the Government of South Tyrol, provincial government, for the majority German-speaking province of South Tyrol, Italy whose purpose is to relay programmes from the public broadcasters of Austria, Germany, German-speaking Switzerland, German and Romansh language, Romansh Switzerland. The agency has its headquarters in the province's capital city Bolzano. RAS is not related to the regional trilingual programme of RAI, the Italian public broadcaster. History When television broadcasts began in South Tyrol in 1957, the German-speaking population of South Tyrol asked for the reception of German-language television stations from abroad but it wasn't possible because RAI has the monopoly to have radio and television stations. In 1966 the Italian Government in Rom ...
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South Tyrol
South Tyrol ( , ; ; ), officially the Autonomous Province of Bolzano – South Tyrol, is an autonomous administrative division, autonomous provinces of Italy, province in northern Italy. Together with Trentino, South Tyrol forms the autonomous Regions of Italy, region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province is Italy's northernmost and the second-largest, with an area of , and has a population of about 534,000 as of 2021. Its capital and largest city is Bolzano. South Tyrol has a considerable level of self-government, consisting of a large range of exclusive legislative and executive powers and a fiscal regime that allows it to retain 90% of revenue, while remaining a net contributor to the national budget. As of 2023, it is Italy's wealthiest province and among the wealthiest in the European Union. In the wider context of the European Union, the province is one of the three members of Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion, which corresponds almost exactly to the ...
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Protezione Civile
The (Civil Protection), officially (Civil Protection Department), is the national body in Italy that deals with the prediction, prevention and management of emergency events. It was established in 1992 by , which was updated in 2012, and it is supervised by the office of the Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister. The duties of the are to predict, prevent and manage at national level disasters and catastrophes, both natural and human-made. The main goal is to protect the sake of life, the properties, the settlements and the environment from damage and dangers. The current chief is Fabio Ciciliano. In order to cope with the risky and difficult situations, the needs a great deal of volunteers and all the other existing forces. More than 5,000 local volunteering organizations participate to the activities that represent the backbone of the department. Organization The Civil Protection is formed by: * Italian Armed Forces * Law enforcement in Italy, Italian Police Forces * ...
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ZDFneo
ZDFneo is a German free-to-air television channel, programmed for an audience aged 25 to 49 to complement the primarily older-skewing main channels of public broadcasters ZDF and ARD. It replaced ZDF's documentary channel ZDFdokukanal on 1 November 2009. History On 1 October 2017, the channel was to receive a new on-air design and a new broadcasting logo; this was brought forward to 26 September 2017. The logo and on-air design was created by Julia David. Distribution ZDFneo is broadcast (along with the rest of ZDFvision) via DVB-T digital terrestrial television, receivable in most areas of Germany. It is also transmitted in DVB-C through German cable networks, and in DVB-S from the Astra 1H satellite. Since 30 April 2012, ZDFneo has been broadcast in HD (720p). The channel was initially only scaled up by 576i, since ZDFneo had no HD-capable playout at this time. Since mid-May 2015, the channel is broadcast in native HD quality. Programmes ZDFneo's broadcasts mostly ...
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Kika (TV Channel)
Kika (currently stylised as KiKA, formerly as KI.KA; formally , ) is a German free-to-air television channel based in Erfurt, Germany. It is managed by a joint venture by public-service broadcasters ARD and ZDF. Its intended audience is children and the youth, devoid of advertising, and it is generally watched by children 3 to 13. The MDR is responsible for its playout. The channel also repeats shows, such as '' Tabaluga tivi'' from ZDF's main channel. History In the channel’s early years, the program consisted mostly of series and shows that were already being broadcast on ARD and ZDF. Whole programs were being broadcast simultaneously on the main channels and the children’s channel, for example the afternoon program of ZDF. Kika showed German as well as international series, like cartoon classics from the 1970s and 80s (''Heidi'', '' Biene Maja'', '' Wickie'', '' Little Amadeus'' or '' Nils Holgersson''). Classics of children’s TV like film versions of Astrid Lindgren b ...
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BR Fernsehen
(; "Bavarian Broadcasting"), shortened to BR (), is a public-service radio and television broadcaster, based in Munich, capital city of the Free State of Bavaria in Germany. BR is a member organization of the ARD consortium of public broadcasters in Germany. History Bayerischer Rundfunk was founded in Munich in 1922 as Deutsche Stunde in Bayern. It aired its first program on 30 March 1924. The first broadcasts consisted mainly of time announcements, news, weather and stock market reports, and music. Programming expanded to include radio plays, concerts, programs for women, language courses, chess, opera, radio, news, and Catholic and Protestant morning services. Its new 1929 studio was designed by Richard Riemerschmid. Deutsche Stunde in Bayern became Bayerischer Rundfunk in 1931. In 1933, shortly after the Nazi seizure of power, the station was put under the control of the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. After the Allied victory over Nazi Germany, th ...
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SRF Zwei
SRF zwei (''Swiss Radio and Television Two'') is a Swiss German-language free-to-air television channel run under the public SRG SSR broadcasting group. History The channel was launched in 1997 as 'SF 2' as the German-speaking replacement for the formerly nationwide second public channel S Plus (which originally launched in 1993 and was subsequently renamed Schweiz – Suisse – Svizzera – Svizra 4, Schweiz 4 in 1995). It is the second of the three national German-language channels in Switzerland (the others being SRF 1 and SRF info). SF 2 was renamed to SF zwei on 5 December 2005, in order to differentiate it more from its sister channel SF 1. An HD version launched on 29 February 2012. Programming SRF zwei mainly broadcasts programmes aimed towards a younger audience. There is a heavy emphasis on movies, TV series and sporting events, much like its Austrian equivalent ORF 1. Feature films and TV series are often broadcast with both the German dub and the original sound ...
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ORF 2
ORF 2 (''ORF zwei'', ''Österreichischer Rundfunk 2'') is an Austrian public television channel owned by ORF. It was launched on 11 September 1961 as a technical test programme. Today it is one of the four public TV channels in Austria. ORF 2 is available via DVB-T in Germany near the Austrian border and in parts of Munich. It is funded by a mixture of advertising breaks and a television licence fee; as such, unlike its German equivalents (which are generally available free-to-air), ORF 2 and its sister stations are encrypted over satellite. History ORF 2 began broadcasting three days a week as a "Technical Test Program" (''Technisches Versuchsprogramm'') on UHF frequencies on 11 September 1961. In 1967, the ''Versuchsprogramm'' was renamed as FS 2 (''Fernsehprogramm 2''; 'Television programme 2'), and its broadcasting days were increased to five days a week, which remained the case until 1 September 1970 when it began broadcasting daily. On 2 May 1988, regio ...
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SRF 1
SRF 1 (''SRF eins'') is a German-language Swiss television channel, one of three produced by the SRG SSR public-service broadcasting group (the others being SRF zwei and SRF info). The channel, formerly known as SF1, was renamed on 16 December 2012, together with its sister German-speaking TV channels and five radio channels, as part of an exercise aimed at emphasizing their common ownership as well as establishing a shared web presence for all of them. The channel promotes itself as "a full-service TV station with a high proportion of home-produced content, especially documentaries and dramas" that offers "news and current affairs, education, arts, and entertainment for all", and it focuses on drama, entertainment, news and current affairs. Programming Children *'' The Adventures of Hello Kitty & Friends'' (''Die Abenteuer von Hello Kitty & Friends'') *'' The Adventures of Paddington Bear'' (''Die Abenteuer von Paddington Bär'') *''The Adventures of Tintin'' (''Tim und St ...
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Das Erste
Das Erste (; "The First") is the flagship national television channel of the ARD (broadcaster), ARD association of public broadcasting corporations in Germany. ''Das Erste'' is jointly operated by the ARD (broadcaster)#Institutions and member organizations, nine regional public broadcasting corporations that are members of the ARD. The channel was officially launched on Christmas Day, 25 December 1952 as ''NWDR-Fernsehen'' and renamed to ''Deutsches Fernsehen'' in 1954. Since 1996, the official brand is ''Das Erste''; the full name Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen (''First German Television'') is still used before every major news edition. In colloquial speech, the station is usually called ''Erstes Programm'' ("First Channel"), or by its Metonymy, metonym, ''ARD''. History The channel's first experimental broadcast was on 27 November 1950 as the TV channel of the then Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk, NWDR, which in 1956 split into Norddeutscher Rundfunk, NDR and Westdeutscher Rundfunk, ...
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ORF 1
ORF 1 (''ORF eins'', ''Österreichischer Rundfunk 1'') is an Austrian public television channel owned by ORF. It was the first television channel in Austria, started in 1955, with regular programming started in 1957 when it now operated six days a week, then began broadcasting every day in 1961. ORF 1 is one of four public TV channels in Austria. It is funded by a mixture of advertising revenue and television licence fees: as such, unlike the German TV stations (which are generally available free-to-air), ORF 1 and its sister channels are encrypted over satellite. Programming ORF 1 mainly shows films, TV series and sporting events; this is in contrast to ORF 2, which focuses more on news, documentaries and cultural programming. As the target audience of ORF 1 is younger than that of ORF 2, ORF's children's output, ''okidoki'', is broadcast on ORF 1 every morning. Popular sporting events, such as skiing, Formula One and association football are also usually shown on ORF 1. ORF ...
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Analogue Television
Analog television is the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio. In an analog television broadcast, the brightness, colors and sound are represented by amplitude, phase and frequency of an analog signal. Analog signals vary over a continuous range of possible values which means that electronic noise and interference may be introduced. Thus with analog, a moderately weak signal becomes snowy and subject to interference. In contrast, picture quality from a digital television (DTV) signal remains good until the signal level drops below a threshold where reception is no longer possible or becomes intermittent. Analog television may be wireless (terrestrial television and satellite television) or can be distributed over a cable network as cable television. All broadcast television systems used analog signals before the arrival of DTV. Motivated by the lower bandwidth requirements of compressed digital signals, beginning just af ...
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