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Reparations
Reparation(s) may refer to: Christianity * Reparation (theology), the theological concept of corrective response to God and the associated prayers for repairing the damages of sin * Restitution (theology), the Christian doctrine calling for reparation for the harm done to others History *War reparations **World War I reparations, payable by the Central Powers for damage caused during the war. * Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany, Holocaust reparations Law *Reparation (legal), the legal philosophy *Reparations (transitional justice), measures taken by the state to redress gross and systematic violations of human rights law or humanitarian law *Reparations for slavery, proposed compensation for the Atlantic slave trade, to assist the descendants of enslaved peoples ** Reparations for slavery in the United States Reparations for slavery is the application of the concept of reparations to victims of slavery or their descendants. There ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reparations For Slavery In The United States
Reparations for slavery is the application of the concept of reparations to victims of slavery or their descendants. There are concepts for reparations in legal philosophy and reparations in transitional justice. In the US, reparations for slavery have been both given by legal ruling in court and/or given voluntarily (without court rulings) by individuals and institutions. The first recorded case of reparations for slavery in the United States was to former slave Belinda Royall in 1783, in the form of a pension, and since then reparations continue to be proposed. To the present day, no federal reparations bills have been passed. The 1865 Special Field Orders No. 15 (" Forty acres and a mule") is the most well known attempt to help newly freed slaves integrate into society and accumulate wealth. However, President Andrew Johnson reversed this order, giving the land back to its former Confederate owners. Reparations have been a recurring idea in the politics of the United Stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reparations For Slavery
Reparations for slavery are reparations for victims of slavery. Reparations can take many forms, including financial compensation, legal remedy of damages, public apology and guarantees of non-repetition. Victims of slavery can refer to historical slavery or ongoing slavery in the 21st century. Some reparations for slavery date back to the 18th century. United Nations resolution United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/147 refers to measures to repair violations of human rights including restitution and compensation. Types Reparations can take numerous forms, including practical measures such as individual monetary payments; settlements; scholarships and other educational schemes; systemic initiatives to offset injustices; or land-based compensation related to independence. Other types of reparations include apologies and acknowledgements of the injustices; the removal of monuments and renaming of streets that honour enslavers and defenders of slavery; or naming a buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I Reparations
Following their defeat in World War I, the Central Powers agreed to pay war reparations to the Allied Powers. Each defeated power was required to make payments in either cash or kind. Because of the financial situation in Austria, Hungary, and Turkey after the war, few to no reparations were paid and the requirements for reparations were cancelled. Bulgaria, having paid only a fraction of what was required, saw its reparation figure reduced and then cancelled. Historians have recognized the German requirement to pay reparations as the "chief battleground of the post-war era" and "the focus of the power struggle between France and Germany over whether the Versailles Treaty was to be enforced or revised." The Treaty of Versailles (signed in 1919) and the 1921 London Schedule of Payments required the Central Powers to pay 132 billion gold marks at the time which is US$605. billion in 2025) in reparations to cover civilian damage caused during the war. This figure was divide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reparations Agreement Between Israel And The Federal Republic Of Germany
The Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany (, "Luxembourg Agreement", or ', "''Wiedergutmachung'' Agreement"; , "Reparations Agreement") was signed on September 10, 1952, and entered in force on March 27, 1953.Honig, F.: The Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany', ''American Journal of International Law 48(4)'', October 1954. URL last accessed 2006-12-13. According to the Agreement, West Germany was to pay Israel for the costs of "resettling so great a number of uprooted and destitute Jewish refugees" after the war, and to compensate individual Jews, via the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, for losses in Jewish livelihood and property resulting from Nazi persecution. History According to the website of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, or Claims Conference, "In response to calls from Jewish organizations and the State of Israel, in September 1951 Chancellor Konrad A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reparations (transitional Justice)
Reparations are broadly understood as compensation given for an abuse or injury. The colloquial meaning of reparations has changed substantively over the last century. In the early 1900s, reparations were interstate exchanges (see war reparations) that were punitive mechanisms determined by treaty and paid by the surrendering side of a conflict, such as the World War I reparations paid by Germany and its allies. Reparations are now understood as not only war damages but also compensation and other measures provided to victims of severe human rights violations by the parties responsible. The right of the victim of an injury to receive reparations and the duty of the part responsible to provide them has been secured by the United Nations. In transitional justice, reparations are measures taken by the state to redress gross and systematic violations of human rights law or humanitarian law through the administration of some form of compensation or restitution to the victims. Of all t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reparations (website)
''Reparations'' is an American website which was launched by Seattle-based artist Natasha Marin in order to allow people with privilege to leverage what they can in order to help people of color. Marin has stated that the website is not about reparations for slavery, which Black Lives Matter has called for as part of its platform; Marin's website, which has failed, is an avenue for people to respond to modern racial turmoil in the United States. History In July 2016, Seattle-based artist Natasha Marin launched a social experiment as a Facebook event page. Three days later, the project went viral, gaining international coverage in the Washington Post, LA Times and The Guardian, and expanded to include a website. Framed as a conceptual art project, it was a forum for People of Color to post immaterial or material requests that would improve their lives, and for people of privilege and people who identify as White to offer them contributions and services. A social experiment tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Reparations
War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war. War reparations can take the form of hard currency, precious metals, natural resources, industrial assets, or intellectual properties. Loss of territory in a peace settlement is usually considered to be distinct from war reparations. War reparations are often governed by treaties which belligerent parties negotiate as part of a peace settlement. Payment of reparations often occur as part of a condition to remove occupying troops or under the threat of re-occupation. The legal basis for war reparations in modern international law is Article 3 of the Hague Convention of 1907. Prominent examples of war reparations include Carthage's indemnity paid to Rome following the First Punic War, French reparations following the Napoleonic Wars, Haiti's reparations to France following the Haitian War of Independence (1791–1804), Fren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reparation (legal)
In jurisprudence, reparation is replenishment of a previously inflicted loss by the criminal to the victim. Monetary restitution is a common form of reparation. Background In the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, reparation include the following forms: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition, whereby * Satisfaction should include, where applicable, any or all of the following: .. ** (e) Public apology, including acknowledgement of the facts and acceptance of responsibility; ** (g) Commemorations and tributes to the victims; ** (h) Inclusion of an accurate account of the violations that occurred in international human rights law and international humanitarian law training and in educational material at all levels. * 23. Guarantees of non-repetition should include ** ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reparation (album)
''Reparation'' is an album by musician Eddy Grant Edmond Montague Grant (born 5 March 1948) is a Guyanese in the United Kingdom, Guyanese-British singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, known for his genre-blending sound and socially conscious lyrics; his music has blended elements of p .... The title of this album is a call for restitution for the transatlantic slave trade. Track listing #"Concern Number One" – 4:14 #"Everything Irie" – 3:56 #"Everybody Rappin'" – 3:33 #"(Gotta Be) Positive" – 3:40 #"The Struggle" – 4:10 #"Reparation" – 4:26 #"Ringbang Man" – 4:03 #"Tit for Tat" – 4:45 #"Long Night" – 4:35 #"Going Back Deh" – 4:33 #"Love Weself" – 4:25 #"Free My Soul" – 4:05 #"Jesus Got a Face" – 5:10 References 2006 albums Eddy Grant albums Ice Records albums {{reggae-album-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ka$hdami
David Wallace III (born December 16, 2004), known professionally as Kashdami (often stylized as KA$HDAMI), is an American rapper and singer. He gained popularity in the underground hip-hop scene in 2021 from social media and streaming platforms such as TikTok, and SoundCloud. Early life David Wallace III was born on December 16, 2004, in Las Vegas, Nevada. He gained early experience with music through his father, who later died when Wallace was seven. His mother became ill at this time as well. Due to circumstances, his mother moved to Southeast (Washington, D.C.) to be closer to family. Career 2021: Career beginnings, ''epiphany'' Wallace rose to prominence when "Kappin Up" became popular on TikTok due to the ''#phonekeepmoving'' dance challenge in 2020 amassing more than a billion views on the hashtag, later in the year the song would receive a music video by WorldStarHipHop. In January 2021, his breakout single ''Reparations,'' released, which gained popularity on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reparation (theology)
Reparation is a Christian theological concept closely connected with those of atonement and satisfaction. In ascetical theology, reparation is the making of amends for insults given to God through sin, either one's own or another's. The response of man is to be reparation through adoration, prayer, and sacrifice. In Roman Catholic tradition, an act of reparation is a prayer or devotion with the intent to expiate the "sins of others", e.g. for the repair of the sin of blasphemy, the sufferings of Jesus Christ or as Acts of Reparation to the Virgin Mary. Theological perspective According to Thomas Slater, writing in the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', reparation is a theological concept closely connected with the concepts of atonement and satisfaction. Although God could have chosen to condone the sins of humanity, in divine providence, he instead judged it better to demand satisfaction through reparation and penance for sins of humanity. In Catholic teaching, it is better for the educ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Restitution (theology)
Restitution in moral theology and soteriology signifies an act of commutative justice by which exact reparation as far as possible is made for an injury that has been done to another. - article In the teaching of certain s, restitution is an essential part in . Methodism In |
