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Pthahil
In Mandaeism, Ptahil () also known as Ptahil-Uthra (uthra, "angel, guardian"), is the Fourth Life, the third of three emanations from the First Life, Hayyi Rabbi, after Yushamin and Abatur. Ptahil-Uthra alone does not constitute the demiurge but only fills that role since he is viewed as the creator of the material world in the Ginza Rabba, often holding an inherently malicious character. Name Matthias Norberg believed the name Ptahil to be composed of Aramaic and , therefore meaning "God opened", although the verb can also mean "create" in Mandaic, but not in other Aramaic languages. Subsequent scholars have deemed it more probably derived from the Egyptian theonym 'Ptah' and angelic 'il',Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen. 2002. ''The Mandaeans: Ancient Texts and Modern People.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press as originally conjectured by Mark Lidzbarski, although Carl H. Kraeling argued that the influence of Ptah on Mesopotamian syncretic Gnostic traditions is minimal, and opined th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hibil Ziwa
In Mandaeism, Hibil () and/or Hibil Ziwa () and sometimes pronounced Hīwel is referred to an uthra ("excellency", an angel or guardian) from the World of Light or the son of Adam (then; only referred as Hibil). Hibil, the man, is considered to be the Mandaean equivalent of Abel while Hibil ziwa is the Mandaean equivalent of Gabriel Prayers in the Qulasta frequently contain the recurring formula "In the name of Hibil, Shitil, and Anuš" ( ). Overview According to Mandaean beliefs and scriptures including the ''Qolastā'', the Mandaean ''Book of John'' and ''Genzā Rabbā'', Abel is cognate with the Human Hibil, and Hibil Ziwa with Gabriel. (, Sometimes translated "Splendid Hibel"), is spoken of as a son of Manda d-Hayyi which was created by Hayyi as stated in the Right Ginza book four, verse 2; "When the First Life thought and created Manda d-Hiia and Manda d-hiia created Hibil-Ziwa...". And Hibil, the man, is spoken of as a brother to Anush (Enosh) and to Shitil (Seth), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scroll Of Abatur
The ''Diwan Abatur'' (; "Scroll of Abatur"; Modern Mandaic: ''Diwān Abāthor'') is a Mandaean religious text. It is a large illustrated scroll that is over 20 ft. (6.1 m) long. A similar illustrated Mandaean scroll is the '' Diwan Nahrawata'' ("The Scroll of the Rivers"), a lavishly illustrated geographical treatise which translated into German and published by Kurt Rudolph in 1982. Manuscripts and translations An English translation of the text was published by E. S. Drower in 1950 A.D., which was based on manuscript 8 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 8). A manuscript of the ''Diwan Abatur'', MS Borgiani Siriaci 175 (abbreviated BS 175), is held at the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana in Vatican City. A facsimile copy of the manuscript, photographed by B. Pörtner, was published by Julius Euting in 1904. In 2024, Bogdan Burtea completed a translation project for the ''Diwan Abatur''. Contents The ''Diwan Abatur'' mentions a heavenly tree called ''Shatrin'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessment to form Cambridge University Press and Assessment under Queen Elizabeth II's approval in August 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 countries, it published over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publications include more than 420 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also published Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Sports and Social Centre. It also served as the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press, as part of the University of Cambridge, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genius (mythology)
In Religion in ancient Rome, Roman religion, the genius (; : ''genii'') is the individual instance of a general divine nature that is present in every individual person, place, or thing. Much like a guardian angel, the ''genius'' would follow each man from the hour of his birth until the day he died. For women, it was the Juno (mythology), Juno spirit that would accompany each of them. Nature Each individual place had a ''genius'' (''genius loci'') and so did powerful objects, such as volcanoes. The concept extended to some specifics: the ''genius'' of the theatre, of vineyards, and of festivals, which made performances successful, grapes grow, and celebrations succeed, respectively. It was extremely important in the Roman mind to propitiate the appropriate ''genii'' for the major undertakings and events of their lives. Thus man, following the dictates of his heart, venerated something higher and more divine than he could find in his own limited individuality, and brought to "th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Of Darkness (Mandaeism)
In Mandaeism, the World of Darkness () is the underworld located below Tibil (Earth). It is ruled by its king Ur the Leviathan and its queen Ruha, mother of the seven planets and twelve constellations. Description The great dark Sea of Suf lies in the World of Darkness. The great dividing river of Hitpun, analogous to the river Styx in Greek mythology Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology. These stories conc ..., separates the World of Darkness from the World of Light. Siniawis is one of the regions of the World of Darkness. The '' Ginza Rabba'' mention the Abaddons (''ebdunia'') as part of the World of Darkness. The '' Right Ginza'' mentions the existence of the "upper Abaddons" (''ebdunia ʿlaiia'') as well as the "lower Abaddons" (''ebdunia titaiia''). The World of Darkness i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lilin
A lilu or lilû is the masculine Akkadian word for a spirit or demon. A female lilû was called a lilītu or ardat-lilî. Together, these were a class of demon that the ancient Mesopotamians believed emerged from the unfulfilled spirits of adolescents who died before marriage or conceiving children. "Lilû" and its root word lil- also show wider meanings linked to spirits, desolation, and wild creatures. History Scurlock and Andersen (2005) attribute the origin of "the lilû class of demons" (pg. 434) to treatment of neurological and mental disorders as well as STDs such as syphilis (pg. 95). An abundance of cuneiform text characterizes the lilû as "teenage demons". (pg. 273). As these demons were thought to afflict members of the opposite sex, lilû were often held responsible for illnesses afflicting girls (pg. 434). Scurlock and Andersen suggest an association with Istar, although not necessarily positively, as one ardat-lilî was described as "mistreated by the hand o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana
The Vatican Apostolic Library (, ), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City, and is the city-state's national library. It was formally established in 1475, although it is much older—it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. It has 75,000 codex, codices from throughout history, as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 Incunabulum, incunabula. The Vatican Library is a research library for history, law, philosophy, science, and theology. The Vatican Library is open to anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs. Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail. Pope Nicholas V (1447–1455) envisioned a new Rome, with extensive public works to lure pilgrims and scholars to the city to begin its transfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vatican City
Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (; ), is a Landlocked country, landlocked sovereign state and city-state; it is enclaved within Rome, the capital city of Italy and Bishop of Rome, seat of the Catholic Church. It became independent from the Kingdom of Italy in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty. It is governed by the Holy See, itself a Legal status of the Holy See, sovereign entity under international law, which maintains Temporal power of the Holy See, its temporal power, governance, diplomacy, and spiritual independence. ''Vatican'' is also used as a metonym for the pope, the central authority of the Roman Catholic Church, and the Holy See and the Roman Curia. With an area of and a population of about 882 in 2024, it is the List of countries and dependencies by area, smallest sovereign state in the world both by area and List of countries and dependencies by population, by population. It is among the List of national capitals by population, least populated capit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Of Light
In Mandaeism, the World of Light or Lightworld () is the primeval, transcendental world from which Tibil and the World of Darkness emerged. Description *The Great Life ('' Hayyi Rabbi'' or Supreme God/ Monad) is the ruler of the World of Light. *Countless uthras dwell in '' škinta''s in the World of Light. (A ''škinta'' is a celestial dwelling where uthras, or benevolent celestial beings, live in the World of Light.) *The World of Light is the source of the Great '' Yardna'' ( Jordan River) of Life, also known as Piriawis. * Ether/Air (), which can be thought of as heavenly breath or energy, permeates the World of Light. *The Mšunia Kušṭa is a part of the World of Light considered to be the dwelling place of heavenly or ideal counterparts ('' dmuta''). *In some Mandaean texts, Tarwan is a part of the World of Light that is described as a "pure land." *Water flows from the World of Light to Tibil via ''hapiqia miia'', or cosmic streams of water, also known as Hitpun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canaan
CanaanThe current scholarly edition of the Septuagint, Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta : id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interprets. 2. ed. / recogn. et emendavit Robert Hanhart. Stuttgart : Dt. Bibelges., 2006 . However, in modern Greek, the accentuation is , while the Novum Testamentum Graece, current (28th) scholarly edition of the New Testament has . was an Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples, ancient Semitic-speaking civilization and region of the Southern Levant during the late 2nd millennium BC. Canaan had significant geopolitical importance in the Late Bronze Age Amarna Period (14th century BC) as the area where the sphere of influence, spheres of interest of the Egyptian Empire, Egyptian, Hittites, Hittite, Mitanni, and Assyrian Empires converged or overlapped. Much of present-day knowledge about Canaan stems from Excavation (archaeology), archaeological excavation in this area at sites such as Tel Hazor, Tel Megiddo, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El (deity)
El is a Northwest Semitic word meaning 'god' or 'deity', or referring (as a proper name) to any one of multiple major ancient Near Eastern deities. A rarer form, ''ila'', represents the predicate form in the Old Akkadian and Amorite languages. The word is derived from the Proto-Semitic *ʔil-. Originally a Canaanite deity known as ''El'', ''Al'' or ''Il'' the supreme god of the ancient Canaanite religion and the supreme god of East Semitic speakers in Early Dynastic Period of Mesopotamia. Among the Hittites, El was known as Elkunirša ( ). Although El gained different appearances and meanings in different languages over time, it continues to exist as ''El-'', ''-il'' or ''-el'' in compound proper noun phrases such as Elizabeth, Ishmael, Israel, Samuel, Daniel, Michael, Gabriel (Arabic: Jibra'il), and Bethel. Linguistic forms and meanings Cognate forms of El are found throughout the Semitic languages. They include Ugaritic , pl. ; Phoenician pl. ; Hebrew , pl. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
