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Polypterus
''Polypterus'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the bichir family ( Polypteridae) of order Polypteriformes. The type species is the Nile bichir (''P. bichir''). Fish in this genus live in various areas in Africa. ''Polypterus'' is the only known vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea. The etymology of the genus name derives from a combination of the Greek prefix πολυ-, ''poly-'' (many) and the root word πτερον, ''pteron'' (wing or fin) – "many fins". Taxonomy Despite the ancient origins of the Polypteriformes, the earliest fossils that can be confidently assigned as being of the ''Polypterus'' lineage are from the Middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Libya. In addition, studies exclusively using phylogenetic inferences have found that ''Polypterus'' may have only diverged from '' Erpetoichthys'' during the Neogene. Species The following species are known: * '' Polypterus ansorgii'' Boulenger, 1910 (Guinean bichir) * ''Polypterus bichir'' Lacépède, 1803 (Nile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypterus Bichir
''Polypterus'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the bichir family (biology), family (Polypteridae) of order (biology), order Polypteriformes. The type species is the Polypterus bichir, Nile bichir (''P. bichir''). Fish in this genus live in various areas in Africa. ''Polypterus'' is the only known vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea. The etymology of the genus name derives from a combination of the Greek language, Greek Prefix (linguistics), prefix πολυ-, ''poly-'' (many) and the root word πτερον, ''pteron'' (wing or fin) – "many fins". Taxonomy Despite the ancient origins of the Polypteriformes, the earliest fossils that can be confidently assigned as being of the ''Polypterus'' lineage are from the Middle Eocene (Lutetian) of Libya. In addition, studies exclusively using phylogenetic inferences have found that ''Polypterus'' may have only diverged from ''Erpetoichthys'' during the Neogene. Species The following species are known: * ''Polypterus ansorg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bichir
Bichirs and the reedfish comprise Polypteridae , a family (biology), family of archaic Actinopterygii, ray-finned fishes and the only family in the order (biology), order Polypteriformes .Helfman GS, Collette BB, Facey DE, Bowen BW. 2009. The Diversity of Fishes. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing. 720 p. All the species occur in freshwater habitats in tropical Africa and the Nile River system, mainly swampy, shallow floodplains and estuary, estuaries. Cladistia, polypterids and their fossil relatives, are considered the sister group to all other extant ray-finned fishes (Actinopteri).Dai Suzuki, Matthew C. Brandley, Masayoshi Tokita: ''CORRECTION: The mitochondrial phylogeny of an ancient lineage of ray-finned fishes (Polypteridae) with implications for the evolution of body elongation, pelvic fin loss, and craniofacial morphology in Osteichthyes.'' BMC Evolutionary Biology. Bd. 10, Art.-Nr. 209, 2010, They likely diverged from Actinopteri at least 330 million ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypteriformes
Bichirs and the reedfish comprise Polypteridae , a family of archaic ray-finned fishes and the only family in the order Polypteriformes .Helfman GS, Collette BB, Facey DE, Bowen BW. 2009. The Diversity of Fishes. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing. 720 p. All the species occur in freshwater habitats in tropical Africa and the Nile River system, mainly swampy, shallow floodplains and estuaries. Cladistia, polypterids and their fossil relatives, are considered the sister group to all other extant ray-finned fishes ( Actinopteri).Dai Suzuki, Matthew C. Brandley, Masayoshi Tokita: ''CORRECTION: The mitochondrial phylogeny of an ancient lineage of ray-finned fishes (Polypteridae) with implications for the evolution of body elongation, pelvic fin loss, and craniofacial morphology in Osteichthyes.'' BMC Evolutionary Biology. Bd. 10, Art.-Nr. 209, 2010, They likely diverged from Actinopteri at least 330 million years ago. A closely related group, the Scanilepiformes, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypteridae
Bichirs and the reedfish comprise Polypteridae , a family of archaic ray-finned fishes and the only family in the order Polypteriformes .Helfman GS, Collette BB, Facey DE, Bowen BW. 2009. The Diversity of Fishes. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing. 720 p. All the species occur in freshwater habitats in tropical Africa and the Nile River system, mainly swampy, shallow floodplains and estuaries. Cladistia, polypterids and their fossil relatives, are considered the sister group to all other extant ray-finned fishes (Actinopteri).Dai Suzuki, Matthew C. Brandley, Masayoshi Tokita: ''CORRECTION: The mitochondrial phylogeny of an ancient lineage of ray-finned fishes (Polypteridae) with implications for the evolution of body elongation, pelvic fin loss, and craniofacial morphology in Osteichthyes.'' BMC Evolutionary Biology. Bd. 10, Art.-Nr. 209, 2010, They likely diverged from Actinopteri at least 330 million years ago. A closely related group, the Scanilepiformes, are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypterus Endlicherii
''Polypterus endlicherii'', the saddled bichir, is one of the largest species of the ''Polypterus'' genus of freshwater fish. Named in honor of botanist Stephan Endlicher (1804–1849), who apparently discovered the species in the fish collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum (Vienna). Description The species reaches a maximum recorded length of about as an unsexed male. The maximum recorded weight was about . It can be identified by its flattened head with a prominent lower jaw that is larger than its upper jaw. Its dorsal side is of a green and yellow color. Its head and fins also have black spots on them. This fish is recorded to be piscivorous. Their diet also includes snails and crustaceans. Their reproduction cycle begins in the rainy season when the chemistry of the water and temperature change. This species is also known to be an egg scatterer. ''P. endlicherii'' can live in aquaria with proper maintenance. Habitat and distribution ''Polypterus endlicherii'' is rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypterus Bichir Lapradei
''Polypterus bichir lapradei'' is a subspecies of freshwater fish in the family Polypteridae. ''P. bichir lapradei'' are demersal, primitive, and popular with experienced aquarists. Morphology ''Polypterus bichir lapradei'' is visually similar to its close relative, ''Polypterus bichir''. Its body is elongated and subcylindrical, and covered in ganoid scales. As its name suggests (''Poly'' = "many" and ''-terus'' = "finned"), ''P. bichir lapradeis most striking asset is the row of dorsal finlets along its back. These finlets, which can number up to 15 in some specimens, constitute a single dorsal fin. This fin is divided by rigid spines, which can be raised or lowered at will (often in response to a threat, or for stability). This is a "lower jaw" bichir, meaning that its lower jaw is somewhat longer than its upper jaw (i.e. an underbite). Other "lower jaw" bichir species include '' P. endlicherii'' and '' P. ansorgii''. A commonly encountered "upper jaw" species is '' P. sene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypterus Delhezi
The barred bichir, armoured bichir, bandback bichir, or banded bichir (''Polypterus delhezi'') is a species of fish belonging to the class Actinopterygii, or the ray-finned fish, which constitute an order of the class of the bony fish. an elongated fish found in the Congo River The Congo River, formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second-longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the third-largest river in the world list of rivers by discharge, by discharge volume, following the Amazon Ri ..., specifically in the upper and middle portions. This species is one of the more commonly available in commercial pet stores. The species was named in honor of Belgian artist and naturalist Henri Paul Delhez (1870–1900), who collected type and provided life-history notes on bichirs based on interviews with locals; his collections and field observations were useful in the preparation of Boulenger's book on Congo fishes. Description ''P. delhezi'' is grey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypterus Congicus
''Polypterus congicus'', the Congo bichir, is a species of bichir with a maximum recorded size of . The colour also varies from yellowish brown to grey, darker in the top, paler in the ventral area. It has a pattern of around 8 irregular vertical bands along the flanks of the fish, that do not extend completely onto the ventral surface. The lower jaw is prominent, much like ''Polypterus endlicherii''. The male has a wider and thicker anal fin. These fish are commonly sold as pets. See also *List of freshwater aquarium fish species A vast number of freshwater species have successfully adapted to live in aquariums. This list gives some examples of the most common species found in home aquariums. Siluriformes, Catfish Characiformes, Characoids Cichl ... References * Polypteridae Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger Fish described in 1898 {{polypteriformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypterus Ansorgii
The Guinean bichir (''Polypterus ansorgii'') is a ray-finned fish from rivers and other freshwater habitats in Western Africa, ranging from Guinea-Bissau to Nigeria. It reaches a maximum length of , is greenish-brown to black in color, and has large, dark spots and blotches on its sides. On mature specimens, the bottom jaw may protrude very slightly. It is similar to some other bichir Bichirs and the reedfish comprise Polypteridae , a family (biology), family of archaic Actinopterygii, ray-finned fishes and the only family in the order (biology), order Polypteriformes .Helfman GS, Collette BB, Facey DE, Bowen BW. 2009. The D ...s with which it can be confused. Named in honor of explorer William John Ansorge (1850-1913), who collected type specimen. References Polypteridae Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger Fish described in 1910 {{chondrostei-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erpetoichthys
The reedfish, ropefish (more commonly used in the United States), or snakefish, ''Erpetoichthys calabaricus'', is a species of fish in the family Polypteridae alongside the bichirs. It is the only member of the genus ''Erpetoichthys''. It is native to fresh and brackish waters in West and Central Africa. The reedfish possesses a pair of lungs in addition to gills, allowing it to survive in very oxygen-poor water. It is threatened by habitat loss through palm oil plantations, other agriculture, deforestation, and urban development. Description The largest confirmed reedfish museum specimen was long, and three studies where more than 2,000 wild reedfish were caught (using basket traps, meaning that only individuals longer than were retained) found none that exceeded . Although sometimes claimed to reach up to long, this is incorrect. Body elongation in fishes, such as eels, usually happens through the addition of caudal (tail) vertebrae, but in bichirs it has happened throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish
A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can be grouped into the more basal (phylogenetics), basal jawless fish and the more common jawed fish, the latter including all extant taxon, living cartilaginous fish, cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as the extinct placoderms and acanthodians. In a break to the long tradition of grouping all fish into a single Class (biology), class (Pisces), modern phylogenetics views fish as a paraphyletic group. Most fish are ectotherm, cold-blooded, their body temperature varying with the surrounding water, though some large nekton, active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature. Many fish can communication in aquatic animals#Acoustic, communicate acoustically with each other, such as during courtship displays. The stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lung
The lungs are the primary Organ (biology), organs of the respiratory system in many animals, including humans. In mammals and most other tetrapods, two lungs are located near the Vertebral column, backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the atmosphere and transfer it into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere, in a process of gas exchange. Respiration is driven by different muscular systems in different species. Mammals, reptiles and birds use their musculoskeletal systems to support and foster breathing. In early tetrapods, air was driven into the lungs by the pharyngeal muscles via buccal pumping, a mechanism still seen in amphibians. In humans, the primary muscle that drives breathing is the Thoracic diaphragm, diaphragm. The lungs also provide airflow that makes Animal communication#Auditory, vocalisation including speech possible. Humans have two lungs, a ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
