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Pieniny Dialect
The Pieniny dialect belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It is in part one of the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. Phonology Typical of Lesser Polish dialects (as well as Greater Polish dialects), voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present here. Also typical of Lesser Polish dialects is the presence of mazuration. Initial accent is present here. Vowels The Lechitic ablaut is often absent before hard dental consonants. -e- may be inserted between some consonant clusters. The so-called “Podhalanian archaism” is absent here. Slanted vowels Slanted á is retained as á or more frequently raises to o. Slanted é raises to y after both hard and soft consonants. Slanted ó is retained as ó. Nasal vowels Nasal vowels show much variety between generations and location. Most commonly today, medial ę become oN, medial ą becomes óN, except when they are before a sibilant, in which case they shift ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieniny
The Pieniny (sometimes also the PieninsSzafer, Władysław. 2013. ''The Vegetation of Poland: International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Biology''. Warsaw: Pergamon Press, pp. 156, 388. or the Pienin Mountains,Griffiths, Graham C. D. 1976. Studies on Boreal Agromyzidae (Diptera). XII. ''Phytomyza'' and ''Chromatomyia'' miners on Astereae (Compositae).''Quaestiones Entomologicae'' 12: 239–275, p. 255. ) is a mountain range in the south of Poland and the north of Slovakia. It is classified within the eastern section of the Western Beskids. The Pieniny mountain range is divided into three parts – ''Pieniny Spiskie'' () and ''Pieniny Właściwe'' (Slovak: ''Centrálne Pieniny'') in Poland; and, ''Małe Pieniny'' (; ) in Poland and Slovakia. The Pieniny mountains consist mainly of beds of limestone and dolomite. The most famous peak, ''Trzy Korony'' (Three Crowns), is 982 metres high. It is also the summit of the Three Crowns Massif. Pieniny's highest peak &ndas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balto-Slavic Languages
The Balto-Slavic languages form a branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European family of languages, traditionally comprising the Baltic languages, Baltic and Slavic languages. Baltic and Slavic languages share several linguistic traits not found in any other Indo-European branch, which points to a period of common development and origin. A Proto-Balto-Slavic language is reconstructable by the comparative method, descending from Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European by means of well-defined Sound change, sound laws, and from which modern Slavic and Baltic languages descended. One particularly innovative dialect separated from the Balto-Slavic dialect continuum and became ancestral to the Proto-Slavic language, from which all Slavic languages descended. While the notion of a Balto-Slavic unity was previously contested largely due to political controversies, there is now a general consensus among academic specialists in Indo-European linguistics that Baltic an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavic Languages
The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavs, Slavic peoples and their descendants. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic language, Proto-Slavic, spoken during the Early Middle Ages, which in turn is thought to have descended from the earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic language, linking the Slavic languages to the Baltic languages in a Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic group within the Indo-European family. The current geographical distribution of natively spoken Slavic languages includes the Balkans, Central and Eastern Europe, and all the way from Western Siberia to the Russian Far East. Furthermore, the diasporas of many Slavic peoples have established isolated minorities of speakers of their languages all over the world. The number of speakers of all Slavic languages together was estimated to be 315 million at the turn of the twenty-first century. It is the largest and most d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Slavic Languages
The West Slavic languages are a subdivision of the Slavic language group. They include Polish, Czech, Slovak, Kashubian, Silesian, Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian. The languages have traditionally been spoken across a mostly continuous region encompassing the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, the westernmost regions of Ukraine and Belarus, and a bit of eastern Lithuania. In addition, there are several language islands such as the Sorbian areas in Lusatia in Germany, and Slovak areas in Hungary and elsewhere. Classification West Slavic is usually divided into three subgroups— Czech–Slovak, Lechitic and Sorbian—based on similarity and degree of mutual intelligibility. The groupings are as follows: The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology classifies the West Slavic languages within their Glottolog database as follows: Some linguists include Upper and Lower Sorbian in the Lechitic branch, but other linguists regard it as a separate branch. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lechitic Languages
The Lechitic (or Lekhitic) languages are a language group, language subgroup consisting of Polish language, Polish and several other languages and dialects that were once spoken in the area that is now Poland and eastern Germany. It is one of the branches of the larger West Slavic languages, West Slavic subgroup; the other branches of this subgroup are the Czech–Slovak languages and the Sorbian languages. Languages The Lechitic languages are: * Polish language, Polish, used by approximately 38 million native speakers in Poland and several million elsewhere. Polish is considered to have several Dialects of Polish, dialects, including Greater Poland dialect, Greater Polish, Lesser Poland dialect, Lesser Polish, and Masovian dialect, Masovian, among others; ** Silesian language, Silesian, used today by over 530,000 people (2011 census) in Polish Silesia and by some more in Czech Silesia. The different varieties of Silesian are often considered to be dialects of Polish langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers. It ranks as the sixth-most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional Dialects of Polish, dialects. It maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, Honorifics (linguistics), honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (, , , , , , , , ) to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet. The traditional set compri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesser Poland Dialect Group
The Lesser Polish dialect group () is a of dialect group of the Polish language used in Lesser Poland. The exact area is difficult to delineate due to the expansion of its features and the existence of transitional subdialects. The common traits of the Lesser Polish dialect include: * mazurzenie * regressive voicing of obstruents, including across word boundaries; e.g.: ''kot leci'' ɔd ˈlɛt͡ɕi(standard Polish: ɔt ˈlɛt͡ɕi * differentiated nasalisation (or lack thereof) of /ɔ̃/ and /ɛ̃/ in different parts of the area * merger of stop+fricative consonant clusters into affricates; e.g.: ''trzysta'' �t͡ʂɨsta(standard Polish: �tʂɨstaor �t͡ʂʂɨsta * frequent usage of initial syllable stress, also oxytonic stress in vocative case (as opposed to paroxytonic stress common in other varieties of Polish) * frequent usage of grammatical particle "że" in imperative mood ("weźże" vs. "weź" – take) List of dialects Descended from the language of the Vistula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goral Ethnolect
Goral, less frequently called Highlander or Highland Polish, is an ethnolect An ethnolect is generally defined as a language variety that marks speakers as members of ethnic groups who originally used another language or distinctive variety. According to another definition, an ethnolect is any speech variety (language, dia ... of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic group, more specifically of the Lesser Poland dialect group spoken by the Gorals. Its vocabulary was significantly influenced by many languages like Slovak, Rusyn, Hungarian, Romanian and German, being common vocabulary of the Carpathian Mountains, Carpathian region. Some consider Goral to be a Slavic microlanguages, microlanguage, alongside Silesian language, Silesian and to a lesser extent Masurian dialects, Masurian. The term ''Goral'' derives from the Slavic word for ''mountain'' (, ) and the noun-forming suffix denoting people ''-al''. The Goral ethnolect is often equated to the Podhale dialect; however, this is o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialects Of The Polish Language
Polish dialects are regional vernacular varieties of the Polish language, and often show developments starting from an earlier stage of the language, often Old Polish or Middle Polish, namely the development of the so-called "pitched" or "slanted" vowels (Polish ). Four major dialect groups (termed ) are typically recognized, each primarily associated with a particular geographical region, and often further subdivided into dialects (termed in Polish).Roland Sussex and Paul Cubberley (2006). ''The Slavic Languages''. Cambridge University Press. P. 530.Robert A. Rothstein (1994). "Polish". ''The Slavonic Languages'', edited by Bernard Comrie and Greville G. Corbett. Routledge. Pp. 754–756. They are: * Greater Polish, spoken in the west * Lesser Polish, spoken in the south and southeast ** Goral, spoken in the mountains on the Poland-Slovakia border * Masovian, spoken throughout the central and eastern parts of the country * Silesian spoken in the southwest (sometimes also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Europe
There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family. Out of a demographics of Europe, total European population of 744 million as of 2018, some 94% are native speakers of an Indo-European language. The three largest phyla of the Indo-European language family in Europe are Romance languages, Romance, Germanic languages, Germanic, and Slavic languages, Slavic; they have more than 200 million speakers each, and together account for close to 90% of Europeans. Smaller phyla of Indo-European found in Europe include Hellenic languages, Hellenic (Greek language, Greek, 13 million), Baltic languages, Baltic ( 4.5 million), Albanian language, Albanian ( 7.5 million), Celtic language, Celtic ( 4 million), and Armenian language, Armenian ( 4 million). Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan, though a large subfamily of Indo-European, has a relatively small number of languages in Europe, and a small number of speakers (Romani language, Romani, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
