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Petar I Petrović-Njegoš
Petar I Petrović-Njegoš (; 1748 – 31 October 1830) was the Prince-Bishop of Montenegro from 1784 to 1830 and Exarch (legate) of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro. He was the most popular spiritual and military leader from the Petrović dynasty. During his long rule, Petar strengthened the state by uniting the often quarreling tribes, consolidating his control over Montenegrin lands, introducing the first laws in Montenegro in 1798. His rule prepared Montenegro for the subsequent introduction of modern institutions of the state: taxes, schools and larger commercial enterprises. He was canonized by the Serbian Orthodox Church as Saint Peter of Cetinje (). Early life The son of Marko and Anđelija (née Martinović), Petar followed the footsteps of his relatives, becoming a monk and a deacon. He spent four years in Imperial Russia, finishing the Military School (1765–69). In 1778, archimandrite Petar was in Russia with ''guvernadur'' Jovan Radonjić and ''serdar'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is List of Christian denominations by number of members, one of the three major doctrinal and jurisdictional groups of Christianity, with approximately 230 million baptised members. It operates as a Communion (Christian), communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its Bishop (Orthodox Church), bishops via local Holy Synod, synods. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the pope of the Catholic Church. Nevertheless, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by them as ''primus inter pares'' (), a title held by the patriarch of Rome prior to 1054. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played an especially prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Since 2018, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sava Petrović (prince-bishop)
Sava Petrović ( sr-cyr, Сава Петровић; 18 January 1702 – 9 March 1782) was the Metropolitan of Cetinje between 1735 and 1781, ruling what is known in historiography as the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro; the polity in the hands of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty. He succeeded his relative Danilo I as Metropolitan in 1735, having served as Danilo's coadjutor since the 1719, when he was consecrated by Serbian Patriarch Mojsije I. Sava was a lesser memorable figure in Montenegrin history, having served during a period of constant and bitter tribal rivalries and power struggles in tribal leadership. History In 1735 Sava officially became the Metropolitan (''vladika'', rendered as "prince-bishop") of Cetinje, succeeding Danilo I. He was a contemplative man and not as energetic as his predecessor, and sought to cultivate good relations with both Venice and Russia. That year, a new war broke out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, with Austria on Russia's side. Tribe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austro-Turkish War (1787–91)
The term Austro-Turkish War may refer to: * Austro-Turkish War (1593–1606) * Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) * Austro-Turkish War (1683–1699) * Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718) * Austro-Turkish War (1737–1739) * Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) * Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878 See also * Ottoman wars in Europe A series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states took place from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century. The earliest conflicts began during the Byzantine–Ottoman wars, waged in Anatolia in ... * Ottoman–Habsburg wars in Hungary (1526–1568) * Habsburg-Ottoman War (other) * Great War (other) {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jovan Radonjić
Jovan Radonjić ( sr-cyr, Јован Радоњић, 1748 – 8 July 1803), commonly known as Jovo (Јово) or Joko, was the ''guvernadur'' of Montenegro between 1764 and 1803. Early life Jovan was born in Njeguši, the son of ''vojvoda'' and ''serdar'' Stanislav Radonjić (1690–1758), the first ''guvernadur'' (s. 1756–58). The family belonged to the Radonjić-Rajičević brotherhood of Njeguši. It is possible that he had an older brother, Vukale, who had served as the ''guvernadur'' following Stanislav's death. Term during Metropolitan Sava Jovan was elected guvernadur by the assembly in Cetinje in 1764. The young Jovan had the final word in that period in Montenegro; the Venetians, the Vizier of Scutari and surrounding Ottoman pashas and beys turned to him when something needed to be arranged. The fact that the Republic of Venice, the traditional ally of the Montenegrins, saw negatively on the relations between Russia and Montenegro is evident from a letter sent by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guvernadur
The title of guvernadur ("governor", Ital. ''governatore'') was used by the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro, initially as the diplomatic office between Montenegro and the Republic of Venice, and later evolved into the counterpart to the Metropolitan as the sovereign. The post was abolished in 1832 by Petar II. Venetian diplomatic title Danilo I allowed the establishment of the post "in order to appease the Republic of Venice", the office being held by a civilian governor whose main role was to protect Venetian interests in Montenegro. There are conflicting views about who was the first guvernadur in Montenegro. Some think that the first guvernadur was Jovan Anthony guvernadur Bolica, ''"governatore del Monte Negro"'' (1688–1692), crew chief of the military in the Republic of Venice on Cetinje. Montenegro's first guvernadur was Djikan Vukotic, whose son Vukajle refused to be first guvernadur due to the suspicion that his father was poisoning Venetians because they were diss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paštrovići
The Paštrovići ( sh-Cyrl, Паштровићи, ; or ) is a historical tribe and region in the Montenegrin Littoral. Paštrovići stretches from the southernmost part of the Bay of Kotor, from the cape of Zavala to Spič. Its historical capital was the island of Sveti Stefan. From 1423 until 1797, it was part of the Republic of Venice with interruptions by the Ottoman Empire. It was part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia from 1815 to 1918, then Yugoslavia, then became part of Montenegro only after World War II. The Paštrovići form one of the three historical tribes of the Montenegrin Littoral, the other two being Krivošije and Mrkojevići. Etymology The etymology of the name Paštrovići is unclear. Vukmanović says that the name ''Paštrović'' could have been derived from the word ''pastro'', a name which still exists in modern Albanian, being derived from ''pastër'', meaning "clean" in Albanian. Another theory proposes that the name could be related to the Vlach word ''pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikšić (tribe)
Nikšić (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Никшић, ), is the second largest city in Montenegro, with a total population of 32,046 (2023 census) located in the west of the country, in the centre of the spacious Nikšić field at the foot of Trebjesa Hill. It is the center of Nikšić Municipality with population of 65,705 according to 2023 census, which is the largest municipality by area and second most inhabited after Podgorica. It was also the largest municipality by area in the former Yugoslavia. It is an important industrial, cultural, and educational center. Name In classical antiquity, the area of Nikšić was the site of the settlement of the Illyrians, Illyrian tribe of the Endirudini and was known in sources of the time as Anderba or Enderon. The Roman Empire built a Castra, military camp (''castrum Anderba'') in the 4th century AD, which was known as the Ostrogothic fortress ''Anagastum'' (after 459. AD). After Slavic settlement in the region, Anagastum became Slavic ''Ono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bjelice
Bjelice () is a historical region and Tribes of Montenegro, tribe of the Katunska nahija region of Old Montenegro. The tribe was one of the largest traditional tribes of Old Montenegro and one of nine tribes of the Katunska nahija, along with Cetinje, Njeguši, Ćeklići, Cuce, Ozrinići (tribe), Ozrinići (Čevo), Pješivci, Zagarač and Komani (tribe), Komani. Geography The Bjelice region is located 20–50 km northwest of Cetinje. It is of a relatively high altitude (800–900 meters above sea level) and is surrounded by high mountains – Čelinac, Štavor and Čevski lisac. Today, Bjelice is considered a geographic region corresponding to the territory of the traditional tribe. History Czech historian Konstantin Jireček noted that Bjelice was first mentioned as a territory around 1430 ("de zente Bielice"). They are also mentioned in a 1431 document found in the Kotor Archives, and in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman ''defter'' (tax registry) from 1521. Bjelice are describ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crmnica
Crmnica ( Montenegrin Cyrillic and sr-Cyrl, Црмница, ) is one of the local communities (''mjesne zajednice'') of the municipality of Bar and a historical region in southern Montenegro. It was one of the four sub-regions of Old Montenegro, where it was known as ''Crmnička nahija'' ("the ''nahija'' of Crmnica"). Geography and demographics Crmnica is located in south-western Montenegro, between the historical area of the Paštrovići tribe and Shestani/ Krajina to the south. Crmnica is the most fertile region of Montenegro and it is well known for a local variety of viticulture, the Vranac. In the 19th century, the region consisted of the following villages: Boljevići, Braćeni, Brijege, Bukovik, Donji Brčeli, Dupilo, Gluhi Do, Godinje, Gornji Brčeli, Komarno, Krnjice, Limljani, Mačuge, Mikovići, Orahovo, Ovtočići, Podgor, Popratnica, Seoca, Sotonići, Tomići, Trnovo, Utrg, Virpazar and Zabes. Many of them today are depopulated or completel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutari Invasion Of Montenegro (1785)
The Scutari invasion of Montenegro (), was a military campaign launched by Kara Mahmud Pasha, the head of the Pashalik of Scutari, against the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro, as well as the Montenegrin tribes of Old Montenegro, Paštrovići and Brda. The campaign also included the capture of Spuž, a castle which was administered by the Bosnian Pasha, Ibrahim Pasha of Spuž. Background Kara Mahmud Pasha issued a call for a total ''Jihad'' among Gheg Albanian Muslims against the Montenegrins. Soon, volunteers from various Gheg regions such as Shkodër, Tivari (Bar), Malësia, Dibra, Gjakova, Peja, Tirana, Kavaja and other regions answered the call to join his campaign. The Montenegrins were deeply alarmed by this development. In response, in May 1785, their governor, Jovan Radonjić, send his cousin, Jovo Popov, to the capital of the Pashalik, Shkodër, imploring Kara Mahmud to reconsider his plans of attacking Montenegro. In reply, Mahmud promised that he would halt h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasha Of Scutari
The Pashalik of Scutari (1757–1831), also known as the Bushati Pashalik, was an Albanian pashalik within the Ottoman Empire that was ruled by the Bushati family. Its capital was Shkodër and ruled areas in modern-day Albania and large majority of modern-day Montenegro. At its peak, during the reign of Kara Mahmud Bushati, the pashalik encompassed much of Albania and Kosovo, western Macedonia, southeastern Serbia, and most of Montenegro. Up to 1830, the Pashalik of Shkodra controlled most of the aforementioned lands (including southern Montenegro). Background The weakening of Ottoman central authority and the ''timar'' system of land ownership brought anarchy to the Albanian-populated region of the Ottoman empire. In the late eighteenth century, two Albanian centers of power emerged: Shkodër, under the Bushati family; and Janina, under Ali Pasha of Tepelenë. Both regions cooperated with and defied the Sublime Porte as their interests required. History The influence of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara Mahmud Pasha
Kara Mahmud Pasha (, Albanian: Mahmut Pashë Bushati, 1749 – 22 September 1796) was a hereditary Ottoman Albanian governor (''mutasarrıf'') of the Pashalik of Scutari who became '' de facto'' independent ruler of Albania, challenging the authority of the Sublime Porte. He belonged to the Albanian Bushati family. Mahmud was the son of Mehmed Pasha Bushati, the governor of the pashalik of Scutari and Mahmud also claimed descent from Skenderbeg Crnojević. Military career Military service under his father and brother In 1770 Mahmud together with his brother Mustafa crushed Greek rebels during the Orlov revolt. In 1772 Mahmud in service of his father, led an Army against Montenegro in Ulcinj, where he defeated the Montenegrin forces and captured the city. In 1775, Mahmud led an Army against Ahmet Kurt Pasha and defeated him on behalf of his father Mehmed. The Conflict between Ahmet Kurt Pasha and Mehmed Pasha Bushati was caused by Ahmet's interest to take possession of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
