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Open-collector Or Open-drain Buffer
Open collector, open drain, open emitter, and open source refer to integrated circuit (IC) output Lead (electronics), pin configurations that process the IC's internal Function (mathematics), function through a transistor with an exposed terminal that is internally unconnected (i.e. "open"). One of the IC's internal high or low voltage rail, voltage rails typically connects to another terminal of that transistor. When the transistor is off, the output is internally disconnected from any internal power rail, a state called "high-impedance" (Hi-Z). Open outputs configurations thus differ from push–pull outputs, which use a pair of transistors to output a specific voltage or Electric current, current. These open outputs configurations are often used for digital applications when the transistor acts as a switch, to allow for logic-level conversion, Wired logic connection, wired-logic connections, and line sharing. External Pull-up resistor, pull-up/down resistors are typically requi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integrated Circuit
An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a set of electronic circuits, consisting of various electronic components (such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors) and their interconnections. These components are etched onto a small, flat piece ("chip") of semiconductor material, usually silicon. Integrated circuits are used in a wide range of electronic devices, including computers, smartphones, and televisions, to perform various functions such as processing and storing information. They have greatly impacted the field of electronics by enabling device miniaturization and enhanced functionality. Integrated circuits are orders of magnitude smaller, faster, and less expensive than those constructed of discrete components, allowing a large transistor count. The IC's mass production capability, reliability, and building-block approach to integrated circuit design have ensured the rapid adoption of standardized ICs in place of designs using discre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Short-circuit
A short circuit (sometimes abbreviated to short or s/c) is an electrical circuit that allows a current to travel along an unintended path with no or very low electrical impedance. This results in an excessive current flowing through the circuit. The opposite of a short circuit is an open circuit, which is an infinite resistance (or very high impedance) between two nodes. Definition A short circuit is an abnormal connection between two nodes of an electric circuit intended to be at different voltages. This results in an electric current limited only by the Thévenin equivalent resistance of the rest of the network which can cause circuit damage, overheating, fire or explosion. Although usually the result of a fault, there are cases where short circuits are caused intentionally, for example, for the purpose of voltage-sensing crowbar circuit protectors. In circuit analysis, a ''short circuit'' is defined as a connection between two nodes that forces them to be at the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open-collector Or Open-drain Buffer
Open collector, open drain, open emitter, and open source refer to integrated circuit (IC) output Lead (electronics), pin configurations that process the IC's internal Function (mathematics), function through a transistor with an exposed terminal that is internally unconnected (i.e. "open"). One of the IC's internal high or low voltage rail, voltage rails typically connects to another terminal of that transistor. When the transistor is off, the output is internally disconnected from any internal power rail, a state called "high-impedance" (Hi-Z). Open outputs configurations thus differ from push–pull outputs, which use a pair of transistors to output a specific voltage or Electric current, current. These open outputs configurations are often used for digital applications when the transistor acts as a switch, to allow for logic-level conversion, Wired logic connection, wired-logic connections, and line sharing. External Pull-up resistor, pull-up/down resistors are typically requi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JEDEC
The Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) Solid State Technology Association is a consortium of the semiconductor industry headquartered in Arlington County, Virginia, Arlington, United States. It has over 300 members and is focused on standardization of part numbers, defining an electrostatic discharge (ESD) standard, and leadership in the RoHS, lead-free manufacturing transition. The origin of JEDEC traces back to 1944, when Radio Manufacturers Association, RMA (subsequently renamed Electronic Industries Alliance , EIA) and National Electrical Manufacturers Association, NEMA established the Joint Electron Tube Engineering Council (JETEC) to coordinate vacuum tube type list of vacuum tubes, numberings. In 1958, with the advent of semiconductor technology, the joint JETEC-activity of Electronic Industries Association, EIA and NEMA was renamed into Joint Electron Device Engineering Council. NEMA discontinued its involvement in 1979. In the fall of 1999, JEDEC became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcontrollers
A microcontroller (MC, uC, or μC) or microcontroller unit (MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of NOR flash, OTP ROM, or ferroelectric RAM is also often included on the chip, as well as a small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general-purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips. In modern terminology, a microcontroller is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a system on a chip (SoC). A SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components but usually integrates it with advanced peripherals like a graphics processing unit (GPU), a Wi-Fi module, or one or more coprocessors. Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I²C
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit; pronounced as "" or ""), alternatively known as I2C and IIC, is a synchronous, multi-master/multi-slave, single-ended, serial communication bus invented in 1980 by Philips Semiconductors (now NXP Semiconductors). It is widely used for attaching lower-speed peripheral integrated circuits (ICs) to processors and microcontrollers in short-distance, intra-board communication. The I2C bus can be found in a wide range of electronics applications where simplicity and low manufacturing cost are more important than speed. PC components and systems which involve I2C include serial presence detect (SPD) EEPROMs on dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs) and Extended Display Identification Data (EDID) for monitors via VGA, DVI, and HDMI connectors. Common I2C applications include reading hardware monitors, sensors, real-time clocks, controlling actuators, accessing low-speed DACs and ADCs, controlling simple LCD or OLED displays, changing computer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule Heating
Joule heating (also known as resistive heating, resistance heating, or Ohmic heating) is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor (material), conductor produces heat. Joule's first law (also just Joule's law), also known in countries of the former Soviet Union, USSR as the Joule–Lenz law, Assuming the element behaves as a perfect resistor and that the power is completely converted into heat, the formula can be re-written by substituting Ohm's law, V = I R , into the generalized power equation: P = IV = I^2R = V^2/R where ''R'' is the electrical resistance and conductance, resistance. Voltage can be increased in DC circuits by connecting batteries or solar panels in series. Alternating current When current varies, as it does in AC circuits, P(t) = U(t) I(t) where ''t'' is time and ''P'' is the instantaneous active power being converted from electrical energy to heat. Far more often, the ''average'' power is of more interest than the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logic Level
In digital circuits, a logic level is one of a finite number of states that a digital signal can inhabit. Logic levels are usually represented by the voltage difference between the signal and ground, although other standards exist. The range of voltage levels that represent each state depends on the logic family being used. A '' logic-level shifter'' can be used to allow compatibility between different circuits. 2-level logic In binary logic the two levels are logical high and logical low, which generally correspond to binary numbers 1 and 0 respectively or truth values ''true'' and ''false'' respectively. Signals with one of these two levels can be used in Boolean algebra for digital circuit design or analysis. Active state The use of either the higher or the lower voltage level to represent either logic state is arbitrary. The two options are active high (''positive logic'') and active low (''negative logic''). Active-high and active-low states can be mixed at will: for ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MOSFET
upright=1.3, Two power MOSFETs in amperes">A in the ''on'' state, dissipating up to about 100 watt">W and controlling a load of over 2000 W. A matchstick is pictured for scale. In electronics, the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, MOS FET, or MOS transistor) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET), most commonly fabricated by the controlled oxidation of silicon. It has an insulated gate, the voltage of which determines the conductivity of the device. This ability to change conductivity with the amount of applied voltage can be used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. The term ''metal–insulator–semiconductor field-effect transistor'' (''MISFET'') is almost synonymous with ''MOSFET''. Another near-synonym is ''insulated-gate field-effect transistor'' (''IGFET''). The main advantage of a MOSFET is that it requires almost no input current to control the load current under steady-state or low-frequency conditions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animated Open Drain Output
Animation is a filmmaking technique whereby still images are manipulated to create moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Animation has been recognised as an artistic medium, specifically within the entertainment industry. Many animations are either traditional animations or computer animations made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Stop motion animation, in particular claymation, has continued to exist alongside these other forms. Animation is contrasted with live action, although the two do not exist in isolation. Many moviemakers have produced films that are a hybrid of the two. As CGI increasingly approximates photographic imagery, filmmakers can easily composite 3D animations into their film rather than using practical effects for showy visual effects (VFX). General overview Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation, while 2D computer an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pull-up Resistor
In electronic logic circuits, a pull-up resistor (PU) or pull-down resistor (PD) is a resistor used to ensure a known state for a signal. More specifically, a pull-up resistor or pull-down resistor ensures that a wire will have a high logic level or low logic level, respectively, in the absence of a driving signal. It is typically used in combination with components such as switches and transistors, which physically interrupt the connection of subsequent components to Ground (electricity), ground or to IC power-supply pin, VCC. A closed switch creates a direct connection to ground or VCC, but without a PU or PD, when the switch is open, the rest of the circuit would be left floating (i.e. it would have an indeterminate voltage), which is generally undesirable. For a switch that is used to connect a circuit to ground, a pull-up resistor (connected between the circuit and VCC) ensures a well-defined voltage (i.e. VCC) when the switch is open. For a switch that is used to connect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
