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Måseskär
Måseskär (en: ''The Gull Skerry'') is a rocky island and a lighthouse station located in the sea of Skagerrak on the west coast of Sweden. History Since the year 1829, a daymark had been constructed on the island, but it proved not to be enough since many ships were lost in the area. It was demolished during the lighthouse construction. The tower was built after sketches from Swedish lighthouse pioneer Nils Gustaf von Heidenstam. Originally the flame ran on colza oil-lamps and showed red light. In 1884 a kerosene lamp was installed instead, and in 1887 the large lens was changed to a third order fresnel lens with white light. The old lens was divided and placed in two other lighthouses. Electricity came to the island in 1950, but the station was staffed until 1997. It was then one of the last staffed light stations in Sweden along with Söderarm and Holmögadd. In 1978 the old lighthouse was replaced, deactivated and planned for scrapping due to its bad rusty condition. But a re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Lighthouses And Lightvessels In Sweden
This is a list of lighthouses and lightvessels in Sweden. Lightvessels *Almagrundet *Lightship Finngrundet (1903), Old Finngrundet lightvessel, now a museum ship *Fladen Lighthouses *Agö, Hälsingland *Bergudden, Västerbotten *Bjuröklubb, Västerbotten *Brämön, Ångermanland *Bönan, Gästrikland *Djursten, Uppland *Eggegrund, Gästrikland *Falsterbo Lighthouse, Skåne, Scania *Falsterborev, Scania *Faludden, Gotland *Finngrundet, Uppland *Fårö Lighthouse, Gotland *Garpen, Småland *Gotska Sandön, Gotland *Grundkallen, Uppland *Grönskär, Södermanland *Gåsören, Västerbotten *Hallands Väderö, Skåne, Scania *Hanö, Blekinge *Hoburgen, Gotland *Holmögadd, Ångermanland *Huvudskär, Södermanland *Hållö, Bohuslän *Häradskär, Östergötland *Hätteberget, Bohuslän *Högbonden, Ångermanland *Högby Lighthouse, Öland *Kapelludden lighthouse, Kapelludden, Öland *Kullen Lighthouse, Kullaberg, Skåne, Scania *Landsort, Södermanland *Lungö, Ångermanland *Lån ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fresnel Lens
A Fresnel lens ( ; ; or ) is a type of composite compact lens (optics), lens which reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens by dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular sections. The simpler Dioptrics, dioptric (purely refraction, refractive) form of the lens was first proposed by Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, and independently reinvented by the French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827) for use in lighthouses. The Catadioptric system, catadioptric (combining refraction and reflection) form of the lens, entirely invented by Fresnel, has outer Prism (optics), prismatic elements that use total internal reflection as well as refraction to capture more oblique light from the light source and add it to the beam, making it visible at greater distances. The design allows the construction of lenses of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skagerrak
The Skagerrak (; , , ) is a strait running between the North Jutlandic Island of Denmark, the east coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden, connecting the North Sea and the Kattegat sea. The Skagerrak contains some of the busiest shipping routes in the world, with vessels from every corner of the globe. It also supports an intensive fishing industry. The ecosystem is strained and negatively affected by direct human activities. Oslo and Gothenburg are the only large cities in the Skagerrak region. The strait is likely named after Skagen, a town near the northern cape of Denmark, with 'Rak' meaning 'straight waterway'. The Skagerrak is 240 km long and 80–140 km wide, deepening towards the Norwegian coast. It has an average salinity comparable to other coastal waters, housing a variety of habitats. Historically, the Skagerrak was the only access to the Baltic Sea until the construction of the Eider Canal in 1784. During both World Wars, the strait held strategic importance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nils Gustaf Von Heidenstam
Nils ''Gustav'' von Heidenstam (1822 – 2 June 1887) was a Swedish engineer born in Blekinge. He was the chief engineer of the Swedish Royal Coast Guard. Life He was the son of Werther Werner von Heidenstam (16 October 1763 – 1852) and father of Verner von Heidenstam (1859–1940), poet, novelist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1916. The mid-19th century was a period of intensive lighthouse-building. The work to cover Sweden's coasts with lighthouses was led by lighthouse engineer Gustav von Heidenstam at the Swedish Board of Pilotage. He designed the type of lighthouse of which Pater Noster is an example, which is often called 'Heidenstammare'. Of a total of eleven lighthouses of this type, ten still remain. When Heidenstam created the lighthouse Pater Noster, he got his inspiration by studying the English lighthouse Maple Sound in the mouth of the Thames The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colza Oil
Close-up of canola blooms Canola flower Rapeseed oil is one of the oldest known vegetable oils. There are both edible and industrial forms produced from rapeseed, the seed of several cultivars of the plant family Brassicaceae. Historically, it was restricted as a food oil due to its content of erucic acid. Laboratory studies about this acid have shown damage to the cardiac muscle of laboratory animals in high quantities. It also imparts a bitter taste, and glucosinolates, which made many parts of the plant less nutritious in animal feed. Rapeseed oil from standard cultivars can contain up to 54% erucic acid. Canola oil is a food-grade version derived from rapeseed cultivars specifically bred for low acid content. It is also known as low erucic acid rapeseed (LEAR) oil and is generally recognized as safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration.ecfr.gov version Canola oil is limited by government regulation to a maximum of 2% erucic acid by weight in the US and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerosene
Kerosene, or paraffin, is a combustibility, combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum. It is widely used as a fuel in Aviation fuel, aviation as well as households. Its name derives from the Greek (''kērós'') meaning "wax"; it was registered as a trademark by Nova Scotian, Nova Scotia geologist and inventor Abraham Pineo Gesner, Abraham Gesner in 1854 before evolving into a generic trademark. It is sometimes spelled kerosine in scientific and industrial usage. Kerosene is widely used to power jet engines of aircraft (jet fuel), as well as some rocket engines in a highly refined form called RP-1. It is also commonly used as a cooking and lighting fuel, and for fire toys such as Poi (performance art)#Fire poi, poi. In parts of Asia, kerosene is sometimes used as fuel for small outboard motors or even motorcycles. World total kerosene consumption for all purposes is equivalent to about 5,500,000 barrels per day as of July 2023. The term "kerosene" is comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Söderarm
Söderarm is the name of a deactivated Swedish lighthouse station and its surrounding small archipelago in the west part of the Sea of Åland. The light station is located on the island of Thorskär. This area, together with the tiny island of Tjärven north of Söderarm, marks the entrance for the shipping route leading to the ports of Kapellskär, Norrtälje, and also the north entrance to Stockholm. The area has been heavily fortified by the Swedish military and coastal artillery, and many traces of military activity from the years during the second world war are still visible. On the island of Manskär, for example, a large military radar mast stood for many years. It was demolished in 2010. In 2002, the coastal artillery was formally liquidated at Söderarm, but still some islands are forbidden for the public to visit. The Swedish Maritime Administration has confirmed that many Russian mines dating from the First World War may still lie on the sea bottom east of the light sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Maritime Administration
The Swedish Maritime Administration () is the government agency in Sweden which provides services to the transport sector by keeping the sea lanes open and safe. The agency is to a certain degree financed through fees levied on commercial shipping. The main services of the Maritime Administration include: pilotage, maintenance of marine fairways, ice-breaking, hydrographics, maritime search and rescue, seamen's service. It also maintains the lighthouses and other aids to navigation of Sweden. Until 1 January 2009, it also was responsible for maritime safety inspection. Seagoing vessels navigating the Baltic Sea must meet certain ice class requirement. While its mainly deals with merchant shipping, other maritime activities are also taken into account. Sjöfartsverket runs the Joint Rescue Center Gothenburg. See also * List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Sweden * P2 – Svenskt Vrakskydd * Sea traffic management * Swedish Coast Guard The Swedish Coast Guard () is a S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swedish Meteorological And Hydrological Institute
The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (, SMHI) is a Swedish government agency and operates under the Ministry of Climate and Enterprise. SMHI has expertise within the areas of meteorology, hydrology and oceanography, and has extensive service and business operations within these areas. History On 1 January 1873, Statens Meteorologiska Centralanstalt was founded, an autonomous part of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, but the first meteorological observations began on 1 July 1874. It was not until 1880 that the first forecasts were issued. The latter will be broadcast on Stockholm radio from 19 February 1924.. In 1908, the Hydrographic Office (''Hydrografiska byrån'', HB) was created. Its task is to scientifically map Sweden's freshwater and collaborate with the weather service in taking certain weather observations such as precipitation and snow cover. In 1919, the two services merged and became the ''Statens meteorologisk-hydrografiska anstalt'' (SMHA). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanic Climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen climate classification, Köppen classification represented as ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature. Oceanic climates can be found in both hemispheres generally between 40 and 60 degrees latitude, with subpolar versions extending to 70 degrees latitude in some coastal areas. Other varieties of climates usually classified together with these include subtropical highland climates, represented as ''Cwb'' or ''Cfb'', and subpolar oceanic or cold subtropical highland climates, represented as ''Cfc'' or ''Cwc''. Subtropical highland climates occur in some mountainous parts of the subtropics or tropics, some of which have monsoon influence, while their cold variants an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seasonal Lag
Seasonal lag is the phenomenon whereby the date of maximum average air temperature at a geographical location on a planet is delayed until some time after the date of maximum daylight (i.e. the summer solstice). This also applies to the minimum temperature being delayed until some time after the date of minimum insolation. Cultural seasons are often aligned with annual temperature cycles, especially in the agrarian context. Peak agricultural growth often depends on both insolation levels and soil/air temperature. Rainfall patterns are also tied to temperature cycles, with warmer air able to hold more water vapor than cold air. In most Northern Hemisphere regions, the month of February is usually colder than the month of November despite February having significantly later sunsets and more daylight overall. Conversely, the month of August is usually hotter than the month of May despite August having later sunrises, increasingly earlier sunsets, and less daylight overall. The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
