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Melchior Heßler
Melchior Heßler ( – 18 April 1690) was a German engineer and master builder (architect and builder). Early life Born in Mehlis, Heßler was engineer of the artillery and entered the service of the free imperial city Frankfurt am Main, probably 1661 as ''Stückleutnant'' and ''Stadtbaumeister''. The letter of service is dated from 29 May 1675. Professional career His main duty was maintenance of existing buildings. New buildings were the . Construction began in 1627 after designs by Johann Wilhelm Dilich, and the Katharinenkirche, the first Protestant new church in Frankfurt after the Reformation, built from 1678 to 1681. The hall church has some Gothic elements, such as the windows and the piers), and Baroque, such as the portals and the canopy (''welsche Haube'') of the steeple. It is focused on the sermon (''Predigtkirche''), with many paintings of biblical scenes, and became a model for other Protestant churches such as the Dreifaltigkeitskirche in Speyer (1701–17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Master Builder
A master builder or master mason is a central figure leading construction projects in pre-modern times (a combination of a modern expert carpenter, construction site supervisor, and architect / engineer). Historically, the term has generally referred to "the head of a construction project in the Middle Ages or Renaissance period",Olga Popovic Larsen, Andy Tyas, Conceptual Structural Design: Bridging the Gap Between Architects and Engineers' (2003), p. 29-30. with an 1887 source describing the status as follows: The term has also been applied to more broadly include "designers and builders of large-scale construction work who learned their trade in a more formal way than the builders of primitive forms in pre-technological societies... from the times of the Egyptians and Sumerians until (and in some cases beyond) the Industrial Revolution". The phrase has been in use since at least 1610, when William Camden William Camden (2 May 1551 – 9 November 1623) was an English anti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pier (architecture)
A pier, in architecture, is an upright support for a structure or superstructure such as an arch or bridge. Sections of structural walls between openings (bays) can function as piers. External or free-standing walls may have piers at the ends or on corners. Description The simplest cross section (geometry), cross section of the pier is square (geometry), square, or rectangle, rectangular, but other shapes are also common. In medieval architecture, massive circle, circular supports called drum piers, cruciform (cross-shaped) piers, and compound piers are common architectural elements. Columns are a similar upright support, but stand on a round base; in many contexts columns may also be called piers. In buildings with a sequence of Bay (architecture), bays between piers, each opening (window or door) between two piers is considered a single bay. Bridge piers Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that support the weight of the bridge and serve as retaining walls to res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architects From Frankfurt
An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have human occupancy or use as their principal purpose. Etymologically, the term architect derives from the Latin , which derives from the Greek (''-'', chief + , builder), i.e., chief builder. The professional requirements for architects vary from location to location. An architect's decisions affect public safety, and thus the architect must undergo specialised training consisting of advanced education and a ''practicum'' (or internship) for practical experience to earn a Occupational licensing, license to practice architecture. Practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction though the formal study of architecture in academic institutions has played a pivotal role in the development of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
17th-century German Architects
The 17th century lasted from January 1, 1601 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCI), to December 31, 1700 (MDCC). It falls into the early modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the latter part of the Spanish Golden Age, the Dutch Golden Age, the French ''Grand Siècle'' dominated by Louis XIV, the Scientific Revolution, the world's first public company and megacorporation known as the Dutch East India Company, and according to some historians, the General Crisis. From the mid-17th century, European politics were increasingly dominated by the Kingdom of France of Louis XIV, where royal power was solidified domestically in the civil war of the Fronde. The semi-feudal territorial French nobility was weakened and subjugated to the power of an absolute monarchy through the reinvention of the Palace of Versailles from a hunting lodge to a gilded prison, in which a greatly expanded r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Worms, Germany
Worms (; ) is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, situated on the Upper Rhine about south-southwest of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main. It had about 84,646 inhabitants . A pre-Roman foundation, Worms is one of the oldest cities in northern Europe. It was the capital of the Kingdom of the Burgundians in the early fifth century, hence is the scene of the medieval legends referring to this period, notably the first part of the ''Nibelungenlied''. Worms has been a Roman Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Worms, bishopric since at least 614, and was an important Count palatine, palatinate of Charlemagne. Worms Cathedral is one of the imperial cathedrals and among the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in Germany. Worms prospered in the High Middle Ages as an imperial free city. Among more than a hundred imperial Diet (assembly), diets held at Worms, the Diet of 1521 (commonly known as Diet of Worms, ''the'' Diet of Worms) ended with the Edict of Worms, in which Martin Luther wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trinity Church, Worms
The Holy Trinity Church (German: Dreifaltigkeitskirche), full name Reformation Memorial Church of the Holy Trinity (German: Reformations-Gedächtniskirche zur Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit) is the largest Protestant church in Worms. The baroque hall building is centrally located on the market square of the city and is now under conservation Conservation is the preservation or efficient use of resources, or the conservation of various quantities under physical laws. Conservation may also refer to: Environment and natural resources * Nature conservation, the protection and manage .... {{coord, 49, 37, 48, N, 8, 21, 42, E, region:DE-RP_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki, display=title Churches in Worms, Germany Heritage sites in Rhineland-Palatinate Protestant churches in Rhineland-Palatinate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speyer
Speyer (, older spelling ; ; ), historically known in English as Spires, is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate in the western part of the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany with approximately 50,000 inhabitants. Located on the left bank of the river Rhine, Speyer lies south of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim, and south-west of Heidelberg. Founded by the Ancient Rome, ancient Romans as a fortified town on the northeast frontiers of their Roman Empire, it is one of Germany's oldest cities. Speyer Cathedral, a number of other churches, and the ("old gate") dominate the Speyer landscape. In the cathedral, beneath the high altar, are the tombs of eight Holy Roman Emperors and List of German monarchs, German kings. The city is famous for the 1529 Protestation at Speyer. One of the ShUM-cities which formed the cultural center of Jewish life in Europe during the Middle Ages, Medieval / Middle Ages, Speyer and its Jewish courtyard, Speyer, Jewish courtyard was inscribed on the UNESCO (United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dreifaltigkeitskirche, Speyer
The Dreifaltigkeitskirche (English: Trinity Church) is a late Baroque, Protestant parish church in Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Since 1988 it has been a cultural asset worthy of protection within the meaning of Article 1 of the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. History Historical background of the church building and its sister church Heiliggeistkirche In 1689, the town of Speyer was destroyed by order of Louis XIV of France in the Nine Years' War. Since the Reformation, its citizens had been predominantly Lutherans and, to a lesser extent, Reformed Christians. The inhabitants fled via the Rhine, many of them to Frankfurt, as the whole Electoral Palatinate was also destroyed between Speyer and Heidelberg Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gothic Architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High Middle Ages, High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. It originated in the Île-de-France and Picardy regions of northern France. The style at the time was sometimes known as ''opus Francigenum'' (); the term ''Gothic'' was first applied contemptuously during the later Renaissance, by those ambitious to revive the Classical architecture, architecture of classical antiquity. The defining design element of Gothic architecture is the Pointed arch (architecture), pointed arch. The use of the pointed arch in turn led to the development of the pointed rib vault and flying buttresses, combined with elaborate tracery and stained glass windows. At the Abbey of Basilica of Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, near Paris, the choir was rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zella-Mehlis
Zella-Mehlis is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district of Thuringia, Germany. It is situated in the Thuringian Forest, approximately 5km north of Suhl and 20km east of Meiningen. History Two of Germany's most notable firearm manufacturers, Carl Walther GmbH, Walther and J. G. Anschütz, Anschütz, were founded in Zella-Mehlis. They operated there until the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, Soviet occupation of Eastern Germany at the conclusion of World War II caused both companies to move. In January 2019, the former municipality of Benshausen was integrated into Zella-Mehlis, expanding the town's jurisdiction. Historical population Twin towns Zella-Mehlis is town twinning, twinned with: * Andernach, Germany * Gemünden am Main, Germany * Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France People * Helmut Recknagel (* 1937), the first German Olympic ski jumping champion and world champion, started for SC Motor Zella-Mehlis * Johann Kaspar Friedrich Manso (1759-1826), teache ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hall Church
A hall church is a Church (building), church with a nave and aisles of approximately equal height. In England, Flanders and the Netherlands, it is covered by parallel roofs, typically, one for each vessel, whereas in Germany there is often one single immense roof. The term was invented in the mid-19th century by Wilhelm Lübke, a pioneering German art historian. In contrast to an Basilica (architecture), architectural basilica, where the nave is lit from above by the clerestory, a hall church is lit by the windows of the side walls typically spanning almost the full height of the interior. Terms In the English language, there are two problems of terminology with respect to hall churches: * The term ''hall church'' is ambiguous because the term ''hall'' is ambiguous. In some cases, the church of a manor house ("hall") is called a hall church. The term is also used for large Aisleless church, aisleless churches, an entirely different type. Aisleless churches with a rectangular pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church. Towards the end of the Renaissance, the Reformation marked the beginning of Protestantism. It is considered one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe. The Reformation is usually dated from Martin Luther's publication of the ''Ninety-five Theses'' in 1517, which gave birth to Lutheranism. Prior to Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers, there were Proto-Protestantism, earlier reform movements within Western Christianity. The end of the Reformation era is disputed among modern scholars. In general, the Reformers argued that justification (theology), justification was sola fide, based on faith in Jesus alone and n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
