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Long Slow Distance
Long slow distance (LSD) is a form of aerobic endurance training used in sports including running, rowing, skiing and cycling.Burke, Ed and Ed Pavalka. 2000. ''The complete book of long-distance cycling: build the strength, skills, and confidence to ride as far as you want.'' Rodale . It is also known as aerobic endurance training, base training and Zone 2 training. Physiological adaptations to LSD training include improved cardiovascular function, improved thermoregulatory function, improved mitochondrial energy production, increased oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, and increased utilization of fat for fuel. Ernst van Aaken, a German physician and coach, is generally recognized as the founder of the LSD method of endurance training.Morris, Alfred F. 1984. ''Sports medicine: prevention of athletic injuries.'' University of Michigan Anderson, Bob and Joe Henderson. 1972. ''Guide to distance running.'' Indiana University. LSD training is a form of continuous training p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic exercise, also known as cardio, is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. "Aerobic" is defined as "relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism adequately. Aerobic exercise is performed by repeating sequences of light-to-moderate intensity activities for extended periods of time. According to the World Health Organization, over 31% of adults and 80% of adolescents fail to maintain the recommended levels of physical activity. Examples of cardiovascular or aerobic exercise are medium- to long-distance running or jogging, swimming, cycling, stair climbing and walking. For reducing the risk of health issues, 2.5 hours of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week is recommended. At the same time, even doing an hour and a quarter (11 minutes/day) of exercise can reduce the risk of early death, cardiovascular di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur F
Arthur is a masculine given name of uncertain etymology. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. A common spelling variant used in many Slavic, Romance, and Germanic languages is Artur. In Spanish and Italian it is Arturo. Etymology The earliest attestation of the name Arthur is in the early 9th century Welsh-Latin text ''Historia Brittonum'', where it refers to a circa 5th century Romano-British general who fought against the invading Saxons, and who later gave rise to the famous King Arthur of medieval legend and literature. A possible earlier mention of the same man is to be found in the epic Welsh poem ''Y Gododdin'' by Aneirin, which some scholars assign to the late 6th century, though this is still a matter of debate and the poem only survives in a late 13th century manuscript entitled the Book of Aneirin. A 9th-century Breton landowner named Arthur witnessed several charters collected in the '' Cartulary of Redon''. The Irish borro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Continuous Training
Continuous Training is a form of exercise that is performed at a continuous intensity throughout and doesn't involve any rest periods. Continuous training typically involves aerobic activities such as running, cycling, swimming, and rowing. Continuous training can be performed at low, moderate, or high exercise intensities, and is often contrasted with interval training, often called high-intensity interval training. Some training regimens, such as Fartlek, combine both continuous and interval approaches. Exercise modes noted as suitable for continuous training include indoor and outdoor cycling, jogging, running, walking, rowing, stair climbing, simulated climbing, Nordic skiing, elliptical training, aerobic riding, aerobic dancing, bench step aerobics, hiking, in-line skating, rope skipping, swimming, and water aerobics. Exercise intensities As the below examples illustrate, exercise intensity is measured in different ways and is defined inconsistently across stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High-intensity Interval Training
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a training protocol alternating short periods of intense or explosive anaerobic exercise with brief recovery periods until the point of exhaustion. HIIT involves exercises performed in repeated quick bursts at maximum or near maximal effort with periods of rest or low activity between bouts. The very high level of intensity, the interval duration, and number of bouts distinguish it from aerobic (cardiovascular) activity, because the body significantly recruits anaerobic energy systems (although not completely to the exclusion of aerobic pathways). The method thereby relies on "the anaerobic energy releasing system almost maximally". Although there are varying forms of HIIT-style workouts which may involve exercises associated with both cardiovascular activity and also resistance training, HIIT's crucial features of maximal effort, duration, and short rest periods (thereby triggering the anaerobic pathways of energy production) materia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interval Training
Interval training is a type of training exercise that involves a series of high-intensity workouts interspersed with rest or break periods. The high-intensity periods are typically at or close to anaerobic exercise, while the recovery periods involve activity of lower intensity. Varying the intensity of effort exercises the heart muscle, providing a cardiovascular workout, improving aerobic capacity and permitting the person to exercise for longer and/or at more intense levels. Interval running provides a balanced mix of activity and rest, helping beginners gradually build their stamina and fitness without overexertion. Some interval running exercises include pyramid intervals, hill repeats, and staircase intervals. Soichi Sakamoto, who coached the University of Hawaii, was an early advocate of interval training for his competitive swimmers, and Indiana Coach James Counsilman, who had a Doctorate in Exercise Physiology was highly innovative in advancing the use of interval trai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pete Pfitzinger
Peter Dickson Pfitzinger (born August 29, 1957, in Camden, New Jersey) is an American former distance runner, who later became an author, exercise physiologist and sports administrator. He is best known for his accomplishments in the marathon, an event in which he represented the United States as its top finisher in two Summer Olympic Games: the Los Angeles Olympics (where Pfitzinger finished 11th) and the 1988 Seoul Olympics (where he placed 14th). Marathon career In the 1984 Olympic Marathon Team Trials in Buffalo, New York, Pfitzinger became immediately known among American marathoners by taking the lead halfway through the race, relinquishing it in the final mile, then storming past the heavily favored Alberto Salazar in the final fifty yards to win the race, in a time of 2:11:43. In the 1988 Olympic Marathon Team Trials, held in Jersey City, New Jersey, Pfitzinger finished 3rd in a time of 2:13:09, to qualify for his second Olympic Games. In other marathons apart fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Bingham (runner)
John Bingham (born 1948) is an American marathon runner and author, nicknamed "The Penguin", who has achieved widespread recognition for promoting the walking of long-distance race courses to the general public. Bingham is the author of several books and the ''No Need for Speed'' column in ''Runner's World ''Runner's World'' is a global magazine and website for runners of all abilities. It has additionally developed experiential formats, including a digital membership program, called Runner's World+. It is published by Hearst in Easton, Pennsylva ...''. He believes that the goals of running are to have fun and finish—and that for a vast majority of amateur athletes running fast should not be the only aim. His philosophies are often challenged and dismissed by runners, who feel that Bingham's "penguins" have lowered the bar for athletic achievement. He has completed over 40 marathons and many shorter races. In June 2014 Bingham announced that he would retire from writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeff Galloway
Jeff Galloway (born July 12, 1945 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American Olympian and the author of ''Galloway's Book on Running.'' A lifetime runner, Galloway was an All-American collegiate athlete and a 1972 US Olympic Team member in the 10,000 meters. He remains a competitive athlete, continuing through a successful masters running career. He is the chief executive officer of Galloway Productions, which conducts a broad range of training programs and events yearly; he also owns two running specialty stores. He has written several books on training and writes a monthly column for ''Runner's World'' magazine. He's also known as creator of thMagic Mile a way tcalculate your marathon or half-marathon timeusing your 1-mile time. Education and collegiate career In high school, at The Westminster Schools in Atlanta, Georgia, Galloway recorded bests of 4:28 in the mile and 9:48 in the two-mile; he became the state champion in the latter event. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anaerobic Exercise
Anaerobic exercise is a type of exercise that breaks down glucose in the body without using oxygen; ''anaerobic'' means "without oxygen". This type of exercise leads to a buildup of lactic acid. In practical terms, this means that anaerobic exercise is more intense, but shorter in duration than aerobic exercise. The biochemistry of anaerobic exercise involves a process called glycolysis, in which glucose is converted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary source of energy for cellular reactions. Anaerobic exercise may be used to help build endurance, muscle strength, and power. Metabolism Anaerobic metabolism is a natural part of metabolic energy expenditure. Fast twitch muscles (as compared to slow twitch muscles) operate using anaerobic metabolic systems, such that any use of fast twitch muscle fibers leads to increased anaerobic energy expenditure. Intense exercise lasting upwards of four minutes (e.g. a mile race) may still have considerable anaerobic energy e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duel In The Sun (book)
''Duel in the Sun: Alberto Salazar, Dick Beardsley, and America's Greatest Marathon'' is a 2006 book by freelance sportswriter John Brant. Expanded from an articlfeatured in ''Runner's World'' magazine, the book tells the story of two American distance runners, Dick Beardsley and Alberto Salazar, and how their lives changed after both men ran the 1982 Boston Marathon. Brant, a regular contributor to ''Runner's World'' since 1985 and a contributing editor at ''Outside'', uses a writing style in the book that relies heavily on flashbacks and foreshadowing. The result of this style is that the story of the marathon and the story of the two men's lives are told simultaneously throughout the book. Although the book has a plot and often reads like a work of fiction, it is in fact a non-fiction work, and the events described in the book actually occurred in real life. Plot summary The early part of the book describes the preparations that Beardsley and Salazar underwent before the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Lydiard
Arthur Leslie Lydiard (6 July 1917 – 11 December 2004) was a New Zealand runner and athletics coach. He has been lauded as one of the outstanding athletics coaches of all time and is credited with popularising the sport of running and making it commonplace across the sporting world. His training methods are based on a strong endurance base and periodisation. Biography Lydiard was born in Auckland, growing up in Sandringham. He attended Edendale School and Mount Albert Grammar School. He spent much of his early life training to become a shoemaker. After noticing that his physical fitness was waning in his 20s, Lydiard set up the Owairaka Harriers, becoming the coach of the Owairaka Athletic Club. Lydiard competed in the Men's Marathon at the 1950 British Empire Games in Auckland, coming twelfth with a time of 2:54:51. Lydiard presided over New Zealand's golden era in world track and field during the 1960s sending Murray Halberg, Peter Snell and Barry Magee to the po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jack Scaff
The Honolulu Marathon (branded JAL Honolulu Marathon for sponsorship reasons) is a marathon (26.2 miles or 42.2km) in Honolulu, Hawaii. It was first held on December 16, 1973, and it typically takes places on the second Sunday in December. The marathon is popular for its tropical location in Hawaii, and is also popular among first-time marathoners, many of whom are visitors from Japan. Japan Air Lines has been the title sponsor of the race since 1985. About 20,000 runners finish the Honolulu Marathon each year, and it is one of the five largest marathons in the United States. Entry to the Honolulu Marathon is open to anyone, and there is neither a lottery nor a set of qualifying times. There is also no time limit to finish the course. From 1973 to 2006, more than 585,000 runners have started the Honolulu Marathon, with over 482,000 finishers, for a finishing rate of over 82%. History The race was first organized by Former Honolulu Mayor Frank Fasi in 1973, taking an interest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
