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Libération-Sud
''Libération-sud'' ( French for "Liberation-South") was a resistance group active between 1940-1944 and created in the Free Zone of France during the Second World War in order to fight against the Nazi occupation through coordinated sabotage and propaganda operations. Origins Libération-Sud was established in a brothel of Clermont-Ferrand by an assortment of French intellectuals and activists including Emmanuel d'Astier, Pierre Kaan, Jean Cavaillès, Lucie Aubrac and Raymond Aubrac. The first important Resistant group to emerge after the German occupation, it began publishing ''Libération'' in July 1941. With the support of Daniel Mayer and the clandestine French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party), the Libération-sud group grew rapidly. Relationship with other Resistance Movements In 1942 Emmanuel d'Astier entered talks with Jean Moulin about the possibility of uniting all the resistance groups working in France. After much discussion Moul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Resistance
The French Resistance ( ) was a collection of groups that fought the German military administration in occupied France during World War II, Nazi occupation and the Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy#France, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy regime in France during the World War II, Second World War. Resistance Clandestine cell system, cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis (World War II), Maquis in rural areas) who conducted guerrilla warfare and published Underground press, underground newspapers. They also provided first-hand intelligence information, and escape networks that helped Allies of World War II, Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind Axis powers, Axis lines. The Resistance's men and women came from many parts of French society, including émigrés, academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Catholic Church in France, Roman Catholics (including clergy), Protestantism in France, Protestants, History of the Jews in F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conseil National De La Résistance
The National Council of the Resistance (; CNR; also, National Resistance Council) directed and coordinated the different movements of the French Resistance during World War II: the press, trade unions and political parties hostile to the Vichy regime, starting from mid-1943. Background Various resistance movements had arisen in France since the start of the German occupation in June 1940. With the possible exception of the ''Francs-Tireurs et Partisans'' and other groups loyal to the Communist Party of France, the '' maquis'' groups were mostly unorganised and unrelated to one another. This lack of coordination made them less effective in their actions against the Nazi occupiers. Founding Charles de Gaulle, exiled in London and recognized by the UK as leader of Free France, began forming a committee to unify the resistance movements. On 1 January 1942 he delegated this task to Jean Moulin. Moulin achieved the feat on 27 May 1943 with the first meeting of the Conseil Nationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Kaan
Pierre Kaan (French: Help:IPA for French, [pjεʀ kɑ̃] 10 January 1903 – 18 May 1945) was a professor of philosophy, Marxist essayist, and prominent member of the French Resistance during World War II. Activist, writer, teacher (1919–1939) Pierre Kaan was born on 10 January 1903 in the 5th arrondissement of Paris. After a primary education often interrupted by health problems, Pierre Kaan entered in 1919 into khâgne, the preparatory classes for the entrance exams of École Normale Supérieure at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. While at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand Kaan founded a literary review called ''la Gerbe du Quartier Latin'', alongside fellow students Daniel Guérin, Georges Altman, and Paul Verdier. Pierre Kaan's attendance in the preparatory classes were interrupted when his parents sent him to Brittany to recover from recurring asthma attacks. Nevertheless, Pierre Kaan was awarded a diploma in philosophy by ''l'Academie de Paris'' in 1923, with a dissertation titled 'Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marguerite Gonnet
Marguerite Gonnet (13 October 1898 - 27 May 1996) was a member of the French Resistance during World War II. She was from the city of Grenoble in southeastern France. At age forty-four, married with nine children, she joined the resistance group Libération-sud. She became the head of the resistance cell in the department of Isère. She was one of the only female heads of a resistance cell, along with Marie Reynoad. In April 1942, she was arrested by the Nazis for carrying illegal newspapers. A German military prosecutor asked Gonnet why she had taken up arms against France's occupiers, to which she said, "Quite simply, Colonel, because the men had dropped them". This quote was used by American author Sarah Rose as the Epigraph (literature), epigraph of her 2019 book ''D-Day Girls''. Gonnet was sentenced to two years in prison, and her leadership role in the resistance was taken up by Jean Weber. She died in Paris on 27 May 1996 at the age of 97. There is a street in Grenoble named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanuel D'Astier
Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie (6 January 190012 June 1969) was a French journalist, politician and member of the French Resistance. Biography Born in Paris, he attended the Naval Academy but resigned from the French Navy in 1923. He became a journalist and a poet and was involved with the integralist and monarchist journal ''Action Française'', but turned towards the Left after the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). When the Second World War broke out, d'Astier re-enlisted into the French Navy and became the head of naval intelligence. However, after the fall of France and the proclamation of Vichy France, he was dismissed for his political dossier. In Clermont-Ferrand, d'Astier formed the Resistant group ''La Dernière Colonne'', later known as Libération-sud, with Raymond Aubrac, Lucie Aubrac and Jean Cavaillès. During 1941, the group carried out two sabotage attacks at train stations in Perpignan and Cannes. In February, they organised the distribution of 10,000 propagand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combat (French Resistance)
Combat was a large movement in the French Resistance created in the non-occupied zone of France during the World War II (1939–1945). Combat was one of the eight great resistance movements which constituted the Conseil national de la Résistance. Combat's development Combat, also known under its former name (MLN), was active both in the unoccupied zone in southern France and in the occupied north. Birth and growth Combat was created in August 1940 in Lyon by Henri Frenay, supported by Berty Albrecht. Through a system of regional heads, he spread the movement through six regions within the free zone: * Lyon (10 départements)................... (R1) led jointly by and * Marseille (7 départements)............... (R2) * Montpellier (6 départements)............ (R3) * Toulouse (9 départements)............... (R4) * Limoges (9 départements)................ (R5), led until 1943 by Edmond Michelet * Clermont-Ferrand (5 départements)... (R6) New regions appeared la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanuel D'Astier De La Vigerie
Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie (6 January 190012 June 1969) was a French journalist, politician and member of the French Resistance. Biography Born in Paris, he attended the Naval Academy but resigned from the French Navy in 1923. He became a journalist and a poet and was involved with the integralist and monarchist journal '' Action Française'', but turned towards the Left after the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). When the Second World War broke out, d'Astier re-enlisted into the French Navy and became the head of naval intelligence. However, after the fall of France and the proclamation of Vichy France, he was dismissed for his political dossier. In Clermont-Ferrand, d'Astier formed the Resistant group ''La Dernière Colonne'', later known as Libération-sud, with Raymond Aubrac, Lucie Aubrac and Jean Cavaillès. During 1941, the group carried out two sabotage attacks at train stations in Perpignan and Cannes. In February, they organised the distribution of 10,000 prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comité D'Action Socialiste
The Socialist Action Committee (CAS) was a French Resistance movement founded in March 1941 by Daniel Mayer and Suzanne Buisson under the guidance of Léon Blum. Its purpose was to reorganize the underground French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and coordinate socialist resistance against the German occupation and the Vichy regime. The movement ceased to exist in March 1943, when it was replaced by the clandestine SFIO. Formation of the CAS (1940-1941) The Call to Resist Following the collapse of France in the summer of 1940, and up until his arrest on September 15, Léon Blum urged SFIO leaders to resist the occupation. Blum insisted on continuing political action within France. To Daniel Mayer and his wife Cletta, who considered leaving for London, he said: "You will be just two more mouths to feed there and have no military expertise. There is work to be done here. We must continue the war, rebuild the Party, and lead the fight against the occupiers and Vichy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Aubrac
Raymond Aubrac (born Samuel, 31 July 1914 – 10 April 2012) was a member of the French Resistance in World War II. A civil engineer by trade, he assisted General Charles Delestraint within the ''Armée secrète''. Aubrac and his wife Lucie Aubrac, Lucie, both communist Resistance members, were friends with Ho Chi Minh; US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger solicited his help amid the Vietnam War to establish contact with North Vietnam. Early life Aubrac was born Raymond Samuel into a middle-class Jewish family in Vesoul, Haute-Saône. His father, Albert Samuel, was born on 2 March 1884 in Vesoul, and his mother, Hélène Falk, was born on 2 March 1894 in Crest, Drôme, Crest. His parents were shop owners. In 1939, he married Lucie Aubrac. Graduate studies in Paris and the United States After the baccalauréat, he became an intern in Paris at the Lycée Saint-Louis, and entered the École des ponts ParisTech in 1934, from which he graduated in 1937 in the same promotion as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Cavaillès
Jean Cavaillès (; ; 15 May 1903 – 4 April 1944) was a French philosopher and logician who specialized in philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of science. He took part in the French Resistance within the '' Libération'' movement and was arrested by the Gestapo on 17 February 1944 and shot on 4 April 1944. Early life and education Cavaillès was born in Saint-Maixent, Deux-Sèvres. After passing his first baccalauréat in 1919 and baccalauréats in mathematics and philosophy the following year, he studied at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, including two years of '' classes préparatoires'', before entering the École Normale Supérieure in 1923, reading philosophy. In 1927 he passed the '' agrégation'' competitive exam. He began graduate studies in Philosophy in 1928 under the supervision of Léon Brunschvicg. Cavaillès won a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship in 1929–1930. In 1931 he travelled extensively in Germany; in Göttingen he conceived, jointly with Emmy Noether ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Canguilhem
Georges Canguilhem (; ; 4 June 1904 – 11 September 1995) was a French philosopher and physician who specialized in epistemology and the philosophy of science (in particular, philosophy of biology, biology). Life and work Canguilhem entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1924 as part of a class that included Jean-Paul Sartre, Raymond Aron and Paul Nizan. He agrégation, aggregated in 1927 and then taught in lycées throughout France, taking up the study of medicine while teaching in Toulouse. He took up a post at the Clermont-Ferrand based University of Strasbourg in 1941, and received his medical doctorate in 1943, in the middle of World War II. Using the pseudonym "Lafont", Canguilhem became active in the French Resistance, serving as a doctor in Auvergne (région), Auvergne. By 1948 he was the French equivalent of department chair in philosophy at Strasbourg as well. Seven years later, he was named a professor at the University of Paris, Sorbonne and succeeded Gaston Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Villon
Pierre Villon (27 August 1901 in Soultz-Haut-Rhin, Alsace-Lorraine – 6 November 1980 in Vallauris, Alpes-Maritimes) was a member of the French Communist Party and of the French Resistance during World War II. With his true name of Roger Salomon Ginsburger, he was an architect. In spring 1944, with Maurice Kriegel-Valrimont and Jean de Voguë, he was one of the three leaders of the Committee of Military action created by the Conseil National de la Résistance (CNR). Delegated to the Provisional Consultative Assembly, he was then appointed to the two national constituent assemblies as a member of the French Communist Party, then to the French National Assembly from 1946. He was constantly re-elected in Allier Allier ( , , ; ) is a Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region that borders Cher (department), Cher to the west, Nièvre to the north, Saône-et-Loire and Loire (department), Loire to the east, Pu ... until 1978 (exce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
