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Labor Party (Romania)
The Labor Party (,George Baiculescu, Georgeta Răduică, Neonila Onofrei, ''Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. II: Catalog alfabetic 1907–1918. Supliment 1790–1906'', p. 668. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1969 Gheorghe Biciușcă, "Vremuri mari, oameni mici", in '' Furnica'', Vol. XIV, Issue 3, December 1918, p. 2Tamara Teodorescu, Rodica Fochi, Florența Sădeanu, Liana Miclescu, Lucreția Angheluță, ''Bibliografia românească modernă (1831-1918). Vol. II: D–K'', Editura științifică și enciclopedică, Bucharest, 1986, p.84. modernized ''Partidul Muncii'', PM) was a minor left-wing political group in Romania. Based in the city of Iași, and founded by George Diamandy, in its inception it was a split from the National Liberal Party (PNL). The PM responded to the major social and political crisis sparked by World War I, with the southern regions of Romania having been invaded and occupied by Germany. It notably pushed for urgent la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Diamandy
George Ion Diamandy or Diamandi, first name also Gheorghe or Georges (February 27, 1867 – December 27, 1917), was a Romanian politician, dramatist, social scientist, and archeologist. Although a rich landowner of aristocratic background, he was one of the pioneers of revolutionary socialism in France and Romania, obtaining international fame as founder of ''L'Ère Nouvelle'' magazine. He was an early affiliate of the Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party, but grew disenchanted with its radical policies, and, as a member of its "generous youth" faction, played a major part in dissolving it. With other members of this Reformism, reformist group, he joined the National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875), National Liberal Party, serving as one of its representatives in Chamber of Deputies of Romania, Chamber. Affected by heart disease from childhood, Diamandy had to maintain a low profile in politics, but was a vocal marginal within the National Liberal establishment. From 1910, he in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania In World War I
The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allies of World War I, Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Powers, Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest (1918), Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the most significant oil fields in Europe, and German Empire, Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. From the point of view of its belligerent status, Romania was a neutral country between 28 July 1914 and 27 August 1916, a belligerent country on the part of the Allies of World War I, Entente from 27 August 1916 to 9 December 1917, in a state of armistice with the Central Powers from 10 December 1917 to 7 May 1918, a non-combatant country between 7 May 1918 and 10 November 1918, and finally a belligerent country in the Entente between 10 and 11 November 1918. At the start of World War I, King of Romania, King Carol I of Romania f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian National Party
The Romanian National Party (, PNR), initially known as the Romanian National Party in Transylvania and Banat (), was a political party which was initially designed to offer ethnic representation to Romanians in the Kingdom of Hungary, the Transleithanian half of Austria-Hungary, and especially to those in Transylvania and Banat. After the end of World War I, it became one of the main parties in Romania, and formed the government with Alexandru Vaida-Voevod between November 1919 and March 1920. History In Austria-Hungary The party was formed on May 12, 1881 as the union of the National Party of Romanians in Transylvania (''Partidul Național al Românilor din Transilvania'') and the National Party of Romanians in Banat and Hungary (''Partidul Național al Românilor din Banat și Ungaria''), both created in 1869 (two years after the ''Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867''). Its policies were connected with Liberalism and the Romanian middle class, and challenged the centralism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigore Trancu-Iași
Grigore, the equivalent of Gregory, is a Romanian-language first name. It may refer to: *Grigore Alexandrescu (1810–1885), Romanian poet and translator *Grigore Antipa (1866–1944), Romanian Darwinist biologist, ichthyologist, ecologist, oceanologist * Grigore Băjenaru (1907–1986), Romanian writer * Grigore Bălan (1896–1944), Romanian Brigadier General during World War II * Grigore Vasiliu Birlic (1905–1970), Romanian actor * Grigore Brișcu (1984–1965), Romanian engineer and inventor *Grigore Cobălcescu (1831–1892), founder of Romanian geology and paleontology * Grigore Constantinescu (1875–1932), priest and journalist from Romania * Grigore Cugler (1903–1972), Romanian avant-garde short story writer, poet, and humorist *Grigore Eremei (b. 1935), Moldovan politician, final First secretary of the Communist Party of Moldavia * Grigore Gafencu (1892–1957), Romanian politician, diplomat and journalist *Grigore Alexandru Ghica (1803 or 1807–1857), Prince of Moldav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies Of Romania
The Chamber of Deputies () is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 312 regular seats to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation to serve four-year terms. Additionally, the organisation of each national ethnic minority is entitled to a seat in the Chamber (under the limitation that a national minority is to be represented by one organisation only). As of the 2024 election, there are 19 such additional seats. Leadership and structure Standing Bureau The () is the body elected by the deputies that rules the Chamber. Its president is the President of the Chamber, who is elected for a whole legislature (usually four years). All the other members are elected at the beginning of each parliamentary session. The Chamber of Deputies in Romania is chosen through a democratic process, where all citizens have an equal opportunity to vote freely and privately. It serves as a forum for the exchange of diver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservative Party (Romania, 1880–1918)
The Conservative Party () was between 1880 and 1918 one of Romania's two most important parties, the other one being the Liberal Party.Scurtu 1982, p.41''n''; for the founding of the party, this source gives February 1880, does not specify day of month. The party was the party of government for a total of 14 years, more than a third of its existence. It was founded on 3 February 1880 in Bucharest, although the doctrines and various groups of conservatives had already existed for some time. Precursors to the party had included the political grouping "Juna Dreaptă" (November 1868) and the newspaper '' Timpul'' (founded March 1876). The party relied on the support of the great landowners, the bourgeoisie, and some intellectuals. Their economic policy encouraged light industry and crafts but did not oppose investments in heavy industry. The 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt showed that some reforms needed to be made in the Romanian social and political scene. As a result, in 1913, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 Romanian General Election
General elections were held in Romania after the conclusion of the Treaty of Bucharest (1918) between 19 and 29 May 1918 (19, 21 and 29 May for the Chamber of Deputies and 23, 25 and 27 May for the Senate).Gh. Buzat''Discursuri si dezbateri parlamentare (1864-2004)''p29 The National Liberal Party (PNL) boycotted the elections. In agreement with the German Empire, elections were also held in then-occupied Romania (Wallachia and parts of the Western Moldavia), with the exception of the province of Dobruja ( Caliacra, Durostor, Constanța and Tulcea counties), which was ceded to Bulgaria and the Central Powers according to the Treaty of Bucharest. Results Chamber of Deputies Senate According to the Constitution, the crown prince and eight bishops had the right to sit in the Senate. References {{Romanian elections Parliamentary elections in Romania Election and referendum articles with incomplete results General General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Kingdom
The Kingdom of Romania () was a constitutional monarchy that existed from with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic. From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two principalities: (Moldavia and Wallachia) called the Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia also known as "The Little Union" under a single prince to an autonomous principality with a Hohenzollern monarchy. The country gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire during the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War (known locally as the Romanian War of Independence), after which it was forced to cede the southern part of Bessarabia in exchange for Northern Dobruja. The kingdom's territory during the reign of King Carol I, between 13 ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 and 27 September ( O.S.) / 10 October 1914 is sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Revolutionary Party
The Socialist Revolutionary Party (SR; ,, ) was a major socialist political party in the late Russian Empire, during both phases of the Russian Revolution, and in early Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia. The party members were known as Esers (). The SRs were Agrarian socialism, agrarian socialists and supporters of a Democratic socialism, democratic socialist Russian republic. The ideological heirs of the Narodniks, the SRs won a mass following among the Russian peasantry by endorsing the overthrow of the Russian Empire, Tsar and the Land reform, redistribution of land to the peasants. The SRs boycotted the 1906 Russian legislative election, elections to the First State Duma (Russian Empire), Duma following the 1905 Russian Revolution, Revolution of 1905 alongside the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, but chose to run in the elections to the Second Duma and received the majority of the few seats allotted to the peasantry. Following the Coup of Jun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformism
Reformism is a political tendency advocating the reform of an existing system or institution – often a political or religious establishment – as opposed to its abolition and replacement via revolution. Within the socialist movement, reformism is the view that gradual changes through existing institutions can eventually lead to fundamental changes in a society's political and economic systems. Reformism as a political tendency and hypothesis of social change grew out of opposition to revolutionary socialism, which contends that revolutionary upheaval is a necessary precondition for the structural changes necessary to transform a capitalist system into a qualitatively different socialist system. Responding to a pejorative conception of reformism as non- transformational, philosopher André Gorz conceived non-reformist reform in 1987 to prioritize human needs over capitalist needs. As a political doctrine, centre-left reformism is distinguished from centre-right or pra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class Collaboration
Class collaboration is a principle of social organization based upon the belief that the division of society into a hierarchy of social classes is a positive and essential aspect of civilization. Fascist support Class collaboration is one of the main pillars of social architecture in fascism. In the words of Benito Mussolini, fascism "affirms the irremediable, fruitful, and beneficent inequality of men". Given this premise, fascists conclude that the preservation of social hierarchy is in all of the classes' interests and therefore all classes should collaborate in its defense: the lower and the higher classes should accept their roles and perform their respective duties. In fascist thought, the principle of class collaboration is combined with ultranationalism. The stability and the prosperity of the nation was seen as the ultimate purpose of collaboration between classes. Class collaboration implies National Syndicalism as the preferred model for the economy. The state, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1866 Constitution Of Romania
The 1866 Constitution of Romania was the fundamental law that capped a period of nation-building in the Danubian Principalities, which had united in 1859. Drafted in a short time and closely modeled on the 1831 Constitution of Belgium, then considered Europe's most liberal, it was substantially modified by Prince (later King) Carol and adopted by the Constituent Assembly. The newly installed Prince then promulgated it on . In a bold move, the constitution was drafted without input from the major powers. Notably, the framers did not even consult the Ottoman Empire even though Romania was nominally an Ottoman vassal. By then, however, the Ottoman Empire's sovereignty over Romania had long since become a legal fiction, though this only ended when Romania gained ''de jure'' independence in 1878. Outline The document proclaimed Romania a constitutional monarchy. Like its Belgian counterpart, it was bourgeois-liberal in character, declaring that the government was organised on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
