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Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War
The Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War () was the war fought between the Konbaung Dynasty and the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom of Burma (Myanmar) from 1752 to 1757. The war was the last of several wars between the Burmese-speaking north and the Mon-speaking south that ended the Mon people's centuries-long dominance of the south.Lieberman 2003: 202–206 The war began in April 1752 as independent resistance movements against Hanthawaddy armies which had just toppled the Toungoo Dynasty. Alaungpaya, who founded the Konbaung Dynasty, quickly emerged as the main resistance leader, and by taking advantage of Hanthawaddy's low troop levels, went on to conquer all of Upper Burma by the end of 1753. Hanthawaddy belatedly launched a full invasion in 1754 but it faltered. The war increasingly turned ethnic in character between the Burman (Bamar) north and the Mon south. Konbaung forces invaded Lower Burma in January 1755, capturing the Irrawaddy Delta and Dagon (Yangon) by May. The French de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Burma
The military history of Myanmar (Burma) spans over a millennium, and is one of the main factors that have shaped the History of Burma, history of the country, and to a certain degree, the history of Southeast Asia. At various times in history, successive Burmese kingdoms were also involved in warfare against their neighbouring states in the surrounding regions of modern Burmese borders—from Bengal, Manipur and Assam in the west, to Yunnan (the southern China) in the northeast, to Lan Xang, Laos and Siam in the east and southeast. The Royal Burmese Army was a major Southeast Asian armed force between the 11th and 13th centuries and between 16th and 19th centuries. It was the premier military force in the 16th century when the Toungoo dynasty built the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia.Lieberman 2003: 152 The Burmese-Siamese Wars, centuries-long warfare between Burma and Siam (1547–1855) shaped not only the history of both countries but also that of mainland Sout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toungoo Ngwegunhmu
Taungoo (, ''Tauñngu myoú''; ), also spelled Toungoo and formerly Toung-ngú, is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industry is in forestry products, with teak and other hardwoods extracted from the mountains. The city is known for its areca palms and betel nut chewing. The city is famous in Burmese history for the Toungoo dynasty which ruled the country for over 200 years between the 16th and 18th centuries. Taungoo was the capital of Burma in 1510–1539 and 1551–1552. Kaytumadi new city (new city of Taungoo) is the central command of the southern command division region of Armed Forces (''Tatmadaw''). Hanthawaddy United Football Club is based in Taungoo. Names The classical Pali name of Taungoo is Ketumadi (ကေတုမဒီ;), which translates to "possessed of the royal standard." History Taungoo was founded in 1279 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon State
Mon State (, ; ) is an administrative division of Myanmar. It lies between Kayin State to the east, the Andaman Sea to the west, Bago Region to the north and Tanintharyi Region to the south, also having a short border with Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province at its south-eastern tip. The land area is . The Dawna Range, running along the eastern side of the state in a NNW–SSE direction, forms a natural border with Kayin State. Mon State includes some small islands, such as Kalegauk, Wa Kyun and Kyungyi Island, along its of coastline. The state's capital is Mawlamyaing, Mawlamyine. History Mon tradition holds that the Suwannaphum, Suwarnabhumi mentioned in the Edicts of Ashoka and the Dipavamsa, ''Dîpavamsa'' was their first kingdom (pronounced Suvanna Bhoum), founded around the port of Thaton in about 300 BC, however, this is disputed by scholars. Oral tradition suggests that they had contact with Buddhism via seafaring as early as the 3rd century BCE, though definitely by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pegu
Bago (formerly spelled Pegu; , ), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is a city and the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar. It is located north-east of Yangon. Etymology The Burmese name Bago (ပဲခူး) is likely derived from the Mon language place name Bagaw (, ). Until the Burmese government renamed English place names throughout the country in 1989, Bago was known as Pegu. Bago was formerly known as Hanthawaddy (; ; ; lit. "she who possesses the sheldrake"), the name of a Burmese-Mon kingdom. An alternative etymology from the 1947 Burmese Encyclopedia derives Bago (ပဲခူး) from Wanpeku () as a shortening of Where the Hinthawan Ducks Graze (). This etymology relies on the non-phonetic Burmese spelling as its main reasoning. History Establishment Various Mon language chronicles report widely divergent foundation dates of Bago, ranging from 573 CE to 1152 CEA version of the 18th century chronicle '' Slapat Rajawan'' as reported by Arthur Phayre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thanlyin
Thanlyin (; or ; , ; formerly Syriam) is a major port city of Myanmar, located across Bago River from the city of Yangon. Thanlyin comprises 17 quarters. It surrounding Thanlyin Township is home to the largest port in the country, Thilawa port, as well as the Thilawa Special Economic Zone and various prominent universities. History Thanlyin became a prominent port city in during the Hanthawaddy Kingdom when the port of Bago became silted in the 15th century. In 1599, the city was conquered by the Kingdom of Mrauk U's Portuguese mercenaries. The leader of the mercenaries Filipe de Brito e Nicotewas made governor of the city. However, in 1603, De Brito declared independence and. after defeating the invading Arakanese navy in 1604 and 1605, successfully established Portuguese rule over Syriam (or Sirião in Portuguese) under the Portuguese viceroy of Goa. 10 years later, Anaukpetlun of the restored Taungoo Dynasty retook the city, and executed de Brito by impalement. Thanl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagon Township
Dagon Township ( ) is located immediately north of downtown Yangon. The township comprises five wards, and shares borders with Bahan Township in the north, Ahlon Township in the west, Mingala Taungnyunt Township in the east, and Lanmadaw Township, Latha Township and Pabedan Township in the south. Dagon is home to some of the most prominent places of the city, including the great Shwedagon Pagoda, the Maha Wizaya Pagoda, the National Museum, the National Theatre and the Yangon Region Hluttaw (Parliament). This prosperous neighborhood has many hotels, embassies and diplomatic residences. The township's Dagon 1 High School and Dagon 2 High School are considered among the top public high schools in the country. On 6 February 2011, the Taw Win Centre, a major shopping and residential complex, was opened in the township. Construction on the 25-story complex began in 2004, but was stopped during the country's banking crisis, before resuming in March 2008. The country's first 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irrawaddy Delta
The Irrawaddy Delta or Ayeyarwady Delta lies in the Irrawaddy Division, the lowest expanse of land in Myanmar (Burma) that fans out from the limit of tidal influence at Myan Aung to the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, to the south at the mouth of the Ayeyarwady River. The delta region is densely populated, and plays a dominant role in rice cultivation in its rich alluvial soil as low as just above sea level. It also includes fishing communities in a vast area full of rivers and streams. Geography Arms and terrain The Irrawaddy Delta comprises the main arms of Pathein River, Pyapon River, Bogale River, and Toe River. Mawtin Point, formerly Cape Negrais, is a famous landmark in the Irrawaddy Division, and it also marks the south west end of Myanmar. The delta begins around 93km above Hinthada. The highest point of the delta, Waphu Mount () lies between Pathein and Mawtin Zun (point), on the western strip of the delta. A major portion of the area is covered with low-lying l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamar
The Bamar people (Burmese language, Burmese: ဗမာလူမျိုး, ''ba. ma lu myui:'' ) (formerly known as Burmese people or Burmans) are a Sino-Tibetan-speaking ethnic group native to Myanmar (formerly known as Burma). With an estimated population of around 35 million people, they are the largest ethnic group in Myanmar, accounting for 68.78% of the country's total population. The geographic homeland of the Bamar is the Irrawaddy River, Irrawaddy River basin. The Bamar speak the Burmese language which serves as the national language and lingua franca of Myanmar. Ethnonyms In the Burmese language, ''Bamar'' (, also transcribed ''Bama'') and ''Myanmar'' (, also transliterated ''Mranma'' and transcribed ''Myanma'') have historically been interchangeable Endonym and exonym, endonyms. Burmese is a Diglossia, diglossic language; "Bamar" is the diglossic low form of "Myanmar," which is the diglossic high equivalent. The term "Myanmar" is extant to the early 1100s, first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toungoo Dynasty
''taungnguumainn saat'' , conventional_long_name = Toungoo dynasty , common_name = Taungoo dynasty , status = Empire/Monarchy, Kingdom , event_start = Independence from Kingdom of Ava, Ava Kingdom , year_start = 1510 , date_start = 16 October , event_end = Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hanthawaddy conquest , year_end = 1752 , date_end = 23 March , event_pre = , date_pre = 1485 , event1 = , date_event1 = 1510–1599 , event2 = , date_event2 = 1599–1752 , p1 = Kingdom of Ava , p2 = Hanthawaddy Kingdom , p3 = Confederation of Shan States , p4 = Lan Na Kingdom , p5 = Ayutthaya Kingdom , p6 = Lan Xang , p7 = Manipur (kingdom) , s1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon People
The Mon (; Thai Mon: ဂကူမည်; , ; , ) are an ethnic group who inhabit Lower Myanmar's Mon State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Tanintharyi Region, Bago Region, the Irrawaddy Delta, and several areas in Thailand (mostly in Pathum Thani province, Phra Pradaeng and Nong Ya Plong). The native language is Mon, which belongs to the Monic branch of the Austroasiatic language family and shares a common origin with the Nyah Kur language, which is spoken by the people of the same name that live in Northeastern Thailand. A number of languages in Mainland Southeast Asia are influenced by the Mon language, which is also in turn influenced by those languages. The Mon were one of the earliest to reside in Southeast Asia, and were responsible for the spread of Theravada Buddhism in Mainland Southeast Asia. The civilizations founded by the Mon were some of the earliest in Thailand as well as Myanmar and Laos. The Mon are regarded as a large exporter of Southeast Asian cultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon Language
The Mon language, formerly known as Peguan and Talaing, is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Mon people. Mon, like the related Khmer language, but unlike most languages in mainland Southeast Asia, is not tonal. The Mon language is a recognised indigenous language in Myanmar as well as a recognised indigenous language of Thailand. Mon was classified as a "vulnerable" language in UNESCO's 2010 ''Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger''. The Mon language has faced assimilative pressures in both Myanmar and Thailand, where many individuals of Mon descent are now monolingual in Burmese or Thai respectively. In 2007, Mon speakers were estimated to number between 1,800,000 and 2 million. In Myanmar, the majority of Mon speakers live in Southern Myanmar, especially Mon State, followed by Tanintharyi Region and Kayin State. History Mon is an important language in Burmese history. Until the 12th century, it was the lingua franca of the Irrawaddy valley—not only in the Mon ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burmese Language
Burmese (; ) is a Tibeto-Burman languages, Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Myanmar, where it is the official language, lingua franca, and the native language of the Bamar people, Bamar, the country's largest ethnic group. Burmese dialects are also spoken by the indigenous tribes in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts, India's Mizoram, Manipur, Tripura states and the Burmese diaspora. The Constitution of Myanmar officially refers to it as the Myanmar language in English, though most English speakers continue to refer to the language as ''Burmese'', after ''Burma''—a name with co-official status until 1989 (see Names of Myanmar). Burmese is the most widely-spoken language in the country, where it serves as the lingua franca. In 2019, Burmese was spoken by 42.9 million people globally, including by 32.9 million speakers as a first language, and an additional 10 million speakers as a second language. A 2023 World Bank survey found that 80% of the country's population speaks Burmese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
