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Key Lime
The Key lime or acid lime (''Citrus'' × ''aurantiifolia'' or ''C. aurantifolia'') is a citrus hybrid (''kaffir lime, C. hystrix'' × ''citron, C. medica'') native to tropical Southeast Asia. It has a spherical fruit, in diameter. The Key lime is usually picked while it is still green, but it becomes yellow when ripe. The Key lime has thinner Peel (fruit), rind and is smaller, seedier, more acidic and more aromatic than the Persian lime (''Citrus × latifolia''). It is valued for its characteristic flavor. The name comes from its association with the Florida Keys, where it is best known as the flavoring ingredient in Key lime pie. The key lime is not to be confused with West Indian lime, bartender's lime, Omani lime, or Mexican lime which are slightly different. The last is classified as a distinct Race (biology), race with a thicker skin and darker green colour. Philippine varieties have various names, including ''dayap'' and ''bilolo''. Etymology The English word ''lime'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Tennyson Swingle
Walter Tennyson Swingle (January 8, 1871 – January 19, 1952) was an American agricultural Botany, botanist who contributed greatly to the classification and citrus taxonomy, taxonomy of citrus. Biography Swingle was born in South Canaan, Canaan, Pennsylvania, and moved with his family to Kansas two years later. He graduated from the Kansas State University, Kansas State Agricultural College in 1890, and studied at the University of Bonn in 1895–96 and 1898. With William Ashbrook Kellerman he edited the exsiccata ''Kansas fungi'' (1889), a specimen series which is widely distributed in major herbarium, herbaria. Swingle married Lucie Romstaedt in 1901; she died in 1910. He married Maude Kellerman, daughter of William Ashbrook Kellerman, in 1915 and they had four children. He died in Washington, D.C., on January 19, 1952. In 1927, botanist Elmer Drew Merrill published ''Swinglea'', which is a genus of flowering plants from the Philippines, belonging to the family Rutaceae a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaves
A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system. In most leaves, the primary photosynthetic tissue is the palisade mesophyll and is located on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf, but in some species, including the mature foliage of ''Eucalyptus'', palisade mesophyll is present on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral. The leaf is an integral part of the stem system, and most leaves are flattened and have distinct upper ( adaxial) and lower ( abaxial) surfaces that differ in color, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases), the amount and structure of epicuticular wax, and other features. Leaves are mostly green in color due to the presence of a compound called chlorop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandarin Orange
A mandarin orange (''Citrus reticulata''), often simply called mandarin, is a small, rounded citrus tree fruit. Treated as a distinct species of orange, it is usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. The mandarin is small and oblate, unlike the roughly spherical sweet orange (which is a mandarin- pomelo hybrid). The taste is sweeter and stronger than the common orange. A ripe mandarin orange is firm to slightly soft, heavy for its size, and pebbly-skinned. The peel is thin and loose, with little white mesocarp, so they are usually easier to peel and to split into segments. Hybrids have these traits to lesser degrees. The mandarin orange is tender and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas. According to genetic studies, the wild mandarin was one of the original citrus species; through breeding or natural hybridization, it is the ancestor of many hybrid citrus cultivars. With the citron and pomelo, it is the ancestor of the most commerci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Backcross
Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, to achieve offspring with a genetic identity closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding, and production of gene knockout organisms. Backcrossed hybrids are sometimes described with acronym "BC"; for example, an F1 hybrid crossed with one of its parents (or a genetically similar individual) can be termed a BC1 hybrid, and a further cross of the BC1 hybrid to the same parent (or a genetically similar individual) produces a BC2 hybrid. Plants Advantages * If the recurrent parent is an elite genotype, at the end of the backcrossing programme, an elite genotype is recovered. * As no "new" recombination results, the elite combination is not lost. Disadvantages * It works poorly for quantitative traits. * It is more restricted for recessive traits. * In practice, sections of genome from the nonrecurrent parents are often still present and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyploid
Polyploidy is a condition in which the biological cell, cells of an organism have more than two paired sets of (Homologous chromosome, homologous) chromosomes. Most species whose cells have Cell nucleus, nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each of two parents; each set contains the same number of chromosomes, and the chromosomes are joined in pairs of homologous chromosomes. However, some organisms are polyploid. Polyploidy is especially common in plants. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A Ploidy, monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Males of bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have Biological life cycle, life cycles with two alternation of generations, alternating multicellular generations. The gamet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papeda (citrus)
Papeda or papaeda is the common name for a group of ''Citrus'' species and varieties native to tropical Asia that are hardy and slow-growing, and produce unpalatable fruit. Walter Tennyson Swingle segregated these species into a separate subgenus, ''Papeda'', that included the Ichang lemon, yuzu, kaffir lime, kabosu, sudachi, and a number of wild and uncultivated species and hybrids. Recent genetic analysis shows the papedas to be distributed among distinct branches of the ''Citrus'' phylogenetic tree, and hence Swingle's proposed subgenus is polyphyletic and not a valid taxonomic grouping, but the term persists as a common name. Because of generally slow growth and bitter, less palatable fruits than in other citruses, papeda species have only limited commercial cultivation. Some species, like ichang papeda, are used in landscaping, while others are important for rootstocking and as genome source for breeding disease-resistant and frost-hardy citrus hybrids. In some cases the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citron
The citron (''Citrus medica''), historically cedrate, is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick Peel (fruit), rind. It is said to resemble a 'huge, rough lemon'. It is one of the Citrus taxonomy#Citrons, original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial Hybrid (biology), hybridization. Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used in Asian and Mediterranean cuisine, traditional medicines, perfume, and religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially more prominent, notably lemons and many Lime (fruit), limes. Etymology The fruit's name is derived from the Latin ''citrus'', which is also the origin of the genus name. Other languages A source of confusion is that '':wikt:citron, 'citron''' in French and English are false friends, as the French word '''citron''' refers to what in English is a lemon; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrus Micrantha
The micrantha is a wild citrus from the papeda group, native to southern Philippines, particularly islands of Cebu and Bohol. Two varieties are recognized: small-flowered papeda (''C. hystrix'' var. ''micrantha''), locally known as ''biasong'', and small-fruited papeda (''C. hystrix'' var. ''microcarpa'') or ''samuyao''. Although long viewed as a separate species, ''C. micrantha'', it is now generally viewed to fall within '' Citrus hystrix'', but genomic data on the latter is insufficient for a definitive conclusion. A micrantha was one of the progenitor species of some varieties of lime. Description The micrantha was first described to Western science in 1915 by Peter Jansen Wester, who worked for the Philippine Bureau of Agriculture at the time. Biasong Wester collected ripe fruit specimens of biasong (small-flowered papeda, ''Citrus hystrix'' var. ''micrantha'') on islands of Cebu, Bohol, Dumaguete, Negros, and in the Zamboanga and Misamis provinces in Mindan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Map Of Inferred Original Wild Ranges Of The Main Citrus Cultivars, And Selected Relevant Wild Taxa (Fuller Et Al
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension. Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the , wherein ''mappa'' meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and ''mundi'' 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface. History Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowing humans t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet radiation, also known as simply UV, is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun. It is also produced by electric arcs, Cherenkov radiation, and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights. The photons of ultraviolet have greater energy than those of visible light, from about 3.1 to 12 electron volts, around the minimum energy required to ionize atoms. Although long-wavelength ultraviolet is not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack sufficient energy, it can induce chemical reactions and cause many substances to glow or fluoresce. Many practical applications, including chemical and biological effects, are derived from the way that UV radiation can interact with organic molecules. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Journal Of Emergency Medicine
''The Journal of Emergency Medicine'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering emergency medicine. It is the official journal of the American Academy of Emergency Medicine. The editor-in-chief is Stephen Hayden (University of California, San Diego). The founding editor was Peter Rosen and it is published by Elsevier. It was established in 1983 and originally published by Pergamon Press. The journal is often referred to by its acronym, ''JEM''. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2013 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 1.175, ranking it 12th out of 25 journals in the category "Emergency Medicine". References External links *American Aca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytophotodermatitis
Phytophotodermatitis, also known as berloque dermatitis,, margarita photodermatitis,, lime disease or lime phytodermatitis is a cutaneous phototoxic inflammatory reaction resulting from contact with a light-sensitizing botanical agent (such as lime juice) followed by exposure to ultraviolet A (UV-A) light (from the sun, for instance). Symptoms include erythema, edema, blisters (Skin condition#Vesicle, vesicles and/or Skin condition#Bulla, bullae), and delayed hyperpigmentation. Heat and moisture tend to exacerbate the reaction. A reaction may be elicited in any person who has been exposed to adequate amounts of both a photosensitizing, photosensitizer and UV-A light. Phytophotodermatitis is not an Immunology, immunologic response; no prior exposure to the photosensitizing agent is required. The photosensitizing substances found in phototoxic plants belong to a class of chemical compounds called the furanocoumarins, which are activated by long-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-A) ligh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
