Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko
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Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko
Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko (; 5 May 1712, Lubartów – 14 September 1775, Dubno) was a magnate in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He held the titles of miecznik and Court Marshal of Lithuania. He was not interested in politics, and spent most of his life using the fortunes previous members of the Sanguszko family gathered, spending it on his lavish lifestyle. Indebted, in 1753, he agreed to divide the ''ordynacja ostrogoska'' he inherited from his mother, Marianna Lubomirska, among the members and allies of the '' familia''. This decision, known as the ''transakcja kolbuszowska'', was opposed by the enemy of ''familia'', hetman Jan Klemens Branicki, and was finally accepted by the decision of Sejm The Sejm (), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (), is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the Polish People' ... (national parliament) in ...
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Janusz Sanguszko
Janusz is a masculine Polish given name. It is also the shortened form of January and Januarius. People * Janusz Akermann (born 1957), Polish painter * Janusz Bardach, Polish gulag survivor and physician * Janusz Bielański, Roman Catholic priest * Janusz Bojarski (born 1956), Polish general * Janusz Bokszczanin (1894–1973), Polish Army colonel * Janusz Brzozowski (1935–2019), Polish-Canadian computer scientist *Janusz Christa (1934–2008), Polish author of comic books * Janusz Domaniewski (1891–1954), Polish ornithologist *Janusz Gajos, Polish actor *Janusz Gaudyn (1935–1984), Polish physician, writer and poet * Janusz Głowacki (1938–2017), Polish-American author and screenwriter * Janusz Grabowski (born 1955), Polish mathematician * Janusz Janowski (born 1965), Polish painter, jazz drummer and art theorist *Janusz Kamiński (born 1959), Polish cinematographer and film director *Janusz Korczak (Henryk Goldszmit), Polish-Jewish children's author, pediatrician, and c ...
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Jan Klemens Branicki
Count Jan Klemens Branicki (also known as Jan Kazimierz Branicki; 21 September 1689 – 9 October 1771) was a Polish nobleman, magnate and Hetman, Field Crown Hetman of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1735 and 1752, and Great Crown Hetman between 1752 and 1771. One of the wealthiest Polish magnates in the 18th century, owner of 12 towns, 257 villages and 17 palaces. He was the last male representative of the Branicki family. He was a recipient of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece. Biography He was the son of the Palatine of Podlaskie Voivodeship Stefan Mikołaj Branicki and Katarzyna Scholastyka Sapieha, the daughter of Hetman Kazimierz Jan Sapieha. Jan had three wives: The first wife was Princess Katarzyna Barbara Radziwiłł, the daughter of Count and Grand Marshal Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, whom he married on 1 October 1720 in Biała Podlaska. His second wife was Barbara Szembek in 1732; this marriage ended in a divorce. His third and last w ...
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18th-century Polish LGBTQ People
The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCI) to 31 December 1800 (MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the Atlantic Revolutions. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures. The Industrial Revolution began mid-century, leading to radical changes in human society and the environment. The European colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world intensified and associated mass migrations of people grew in size as part of the Age of Sail. During the century, slave trading expanded across the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, while declining in Russia and China. Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution, ...
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Court Marshals Of The Grand Duchy Of Lithuania
A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law. Courts generally consist of judges or other judicial officers, and are usually established and dissolved through legislation enacted by a legislature. Courts may also be established by constitution or an equivalent constituting instrument. The practical authority given to the court is known as its jurisdiction, which describes the court's power to decide certain kinds of questions, or petitions put to it. There are various kinds of courts, including trial courts, appellate courts, administrative courts, international courts, and tribunals. Description A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, a ...
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Sanguszko Family
The House of Sanguszko is a Polish and Lithuanian noble and aristocratic family of Lithuanian and Ruthenian origin, connected to the Gediminid dynasty. Like other princely houses of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, its origins are considered murky. Present historical opinion holds in favour of their descent from Algirdas' grandson Alexander (''fl.'' 1433–1443), lord of Kovel and Liuboml, whose name can be shortened to ''Sangush''. The family supposedly descends from two lines, associated with two of his sons, Alexander and Michael. The senior line, called the ''Sanguszko-Koszyrski'', has been extinct since the death of Adam Aleksander Sanguszko in 1653. The junior line, or the ''Sanguszko-Kowelski'', of Szymon Samuel Sanguszko, subsequently assumed the title ''Sanguszko-Lubartowicz'', according to the erroneous assumption of their descent from Algirdas' younger brother Liubartas. Prince Paweł Karol Sanguszko-Lubartowicz (1682–1752), a Court and Grand Marshal of Lith ...
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People From Lubartów
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ...
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1775 Deaths
Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps toward organizing an American government, appointing George Washington commander-in-chief (June 14), Benjamin Franklin postmaster general (July 26) and creating a Continental Navy (October 13) and a Marine force (November 10) as landing troops for it, but as yet the 13 colonies have not declared independence, and both the British (June 12) and American (July 15) governments make laws. On July 6, Congress issues the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms and on August 23, King George III of Great Britain declares the American colonies in rebellion, announcing it to Parliament on November 10. On June 17, two months into the colonial siege of Boston, at the Battle of Bunker Hill, just north of Boston, British forces are victor ...
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1712 Births
In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day, Friday, February 30, Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturday, March 1) was in sync with the Julian calendar. Sweden finally made the switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1753. This year had 367 days. Events January–March * January 8 – Total eclipse of the sun visible from * January 12 – The premiere of the opera ''Idoménée'' by André Campra takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal (rue Saint-Honoré), Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris. * January 16 – A military engineering school is established in Moscow which is to become the A.F. Mozhaysky Military-Space Academy. * January 26 – The Old Pummerin, a 18,161 kg bell newly installed in the Stephansdom, St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral, in Vienna, is rung for the fir ...
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Secular Senators Of The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Secularity, also the secular or secularness (from Latin , or or ), is the state of being unrelated or neutral in regards to religion. The origins of secularity can be traced to the Bible itself. The concept was fleshed out through Christian history into the modern era. Since the Middle Ages, there have been clergy not pertaining to a religious order called "secular clergy". Furthermore, secular and religious entities were not separated in the medieval period, but coexisted and interacted naturally. The word ''secular'' has a meaning very similar to profane as used in a religious context. Today, anything that is not directly connected with religion may be considered secular, in other words, neutral to religion. Secularity does not mean , but . Many activities in religious bodies are secular, and though there are multiple types of secularity or secularization, most do not lead to irreligiosity. Linguistically, a process by which anything becomes secular is named ''secularization' ...
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Konstancja Sanguszko
Princess Konstancja Sanguszko (1716–1791), was a Polish noblewoman and magnate. She was a member of the influential Sanguszko family and played a significant role in the political and social life of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. She was the daughter of Count Stanislas Ernst von Dönhoff and Countess Maria Katharina Johanna von Dönhoff (1686–1723). Konstancja was married to Prince Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko in 1731. She lived separated from her spouse, who was homosexual and abandoned her shortly after the wedding. She lived in Gdansk, and played a political role during the Bar Confederation The Bar Confederation (; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (''szlachta'') formed at the fortress of Bar, Ukraine, Bar in Podolia (now Ukraine), in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian C ... (1768–1772), when she contributed to the formation of the Confederation. In 1780, she remarried Józef Rogaliński, who abando ...
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Sejm
The Sejm (), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (), is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the Polish People's Republic, transition of government in 1989. Along with the upper house of parliament, the Senate of Poland, Senate, it forms the national legislature in Poland known as Parliament of Poland#National Assembly, National Assembly (). The Sejm comprises 460 Member of parliament, deputies (singular or ) elected every four years by Universal suffrage, universal ballot. The Sejm is presided over by a Speaker of parliament, speaker, the "Marshal of the Sejm" (). In the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kingdom of Poland, the term ''Sejm'' referred to an entire two-Chambers of parliament, chamber parliament, comprising the Chamber of Deputies (), the Senate and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. The 1573 Henrician Articles strengthe ...
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Hetman
''Hetman'' is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and the Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors. Etymology The term ''hetman'' was a Polish borrowing, most likely stemming via Czech from the Turkic title ''ataman'' (literally 'father of horsemen'), however it could also come from the German – captain. Since hetman as a title first appeared in Czechia in the 15th century, as ...
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