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Jan Łaski (1456-1531)
Jan Łaski or Johannes à Lasco (1499 – 8 January 1560) was a Polish people, Polish Calvinist reformer. Owing to his influential work in England (1548–1553) during the English Reformation, he is known to the English-speaking world by the Anglicised form John à Lasco (or less commonly, John Laski). Life Jan Łaski was born in 1499 as the second son of Jarosław Łaski, the voivode of Sieradz, and Zuzanna of Bąkowa Góra. Following Hermann Dalton's claims in his nineteenth-century biography of Łaski, a number of historians have identified the Łaski family's castle in Łask as his place of birth, although recent Polish scholarship concludes that the exact location cannot be ascertained. His uncle, also Jan Łaski (1456–1531), Jan Łaski, was the Archbishop of Gniezno, Primate of Poland and Grand Chancellor of the Crown, and he was instrumental in forwarding the early career of his nephew. The coat-of-arms of the Łaski family was ''Korab Coat of Arms, Korab''. In 1513 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Engraved
Engraving is the practice of incising a design on a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a burin. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or glass are engraved, or may provide an intaglio printing plate, of copper or another metal, for printing images on paper as prints or illustrations; these images are also called "engravings". Engraving is one of the oldest and most important techniques in printmaking. Wood engravings, a form of relief printing and stone engravings, such as petroglyphs, are not covered in this article. Engraving was a historically important method of producing images on paper in artistic printmaking, in mapmaking, and also for commercial reproductions and illustrations for books and magazines. It has long been replaced by various photographic processes in its commercial applications and, partly because of the difficulty of learning the technique, is much less common in printmaking, where it has b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Chancellor Of The Crown
The Chancellor of Poland ( - , from ), officially, the Grand Chancellor of the Crown between 1385 and 1795, was one of the highest officials in the historic Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. This office functioned from the early Polish kingdom of the 12th century until the end of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. A respective office also existed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 16th century. Today the office of the chancellor has been replaced by that of the Prime Minister. The Chancellors' powers rose together with the increasing importance of written documents. In the 14th century the office of Chancellor of Kraków () evolved into the Chancellor of the Crown () and from that period the chancellor powers were greatly increased, as they became responsible for the foreign policy of the entire Kingdom (later, the Commonwealth). The Chancellor was also supposed to ensure the legality of monarch's actions, especially whether or not they could be considered illeg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Hardenberg
Albert Hardenberg or Albertus Risaeus (c. 1510 in Rheeze near Hardenberg – 18 May 1574 in Emden) was a Reformed theologian and Protestant reformer, who was also active as a reformer in Cologne, Bremen and Emden. Life From the age of seven, he was put in the school of the "Fratres vitae communis" in Groninghe. He decided at the age of 17 to become a priest and became a monk in the abbey of Aduard. In 1540, he was sent by his community as a student at the University of Louvain to take theology courses so that he could one day be able to become abbot of a monastery. There he obtained his degree of license, but he was quickly drawn into the movement of active reformers in the University of Louvain. Bibliography * , Vol 7, p 404 * Spiegel: , (Bremer Jahrbuch 4) Bremen, 1869. * Jürgen Moltmann: , Bremen 1958, 16ff. * H. Engelhardt: , (Diss.) Frankfurt, 1961. * H. Engelhardt: , (JGNKG 61, 1963, 32ff.) * H. Engelhardt: , (Hospitium Ecclesiae 4, 1964, 32ff.) * W. Neuser: , (JGNKG 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Melanchthon
Philip Melanchthon (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, an intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and John Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and shaper of Protestantism. Early life and education He was born Philipp Schwartzerdt on 16 February 1497 at Bretten, where his father Georg Schwarzerdt (1459–1508) was armorer to Philip, Count Palatine of the Rhine. His mother was Barbara Reuter (1476/77-1529). Bretten was burned in 1689 by French troops during the War of the Palatinate Succession. The town's Melanchthonhaus was built on the site of his place of birth in 1897. In 1507 he was sent to the Latin school at Pforzheim, where the rector, Georg Simler of Wimpfen, introduced him to the Latin and Greek poets and to Aristotle. He was in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrzej Frycz-Modrzewski
Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski () (20 September 1503 – 1572) was a Polish Renaissance scholar, humanist and theologian, called "the father of Polish democracy". His book ''De Republica emendanda'' (''O poprawie Rzeczypospolitej'') was widely read and praised across most of Renaissance Europe, influencing thinkers such as Jean Bodin, Hugo Grotius and Johannes Althusius. Prof. dr hab. Edmund Kotarski "Andrzej FRYCZ Modrzewski (Fricius Modrevius)" with bibliography.''Virtual Library of Polish Literature.'' Retrieved September 28, 2011. Life Modrzewski was born in Wolbórz (also known as Woybor, Voibor, Woibor, Wojbor, Woyborz and Wolborz), near Piotrków Trybunalski, the son of Jakub Modrzewski (1477–1529). Modrzewski family belonged to the gentry (though some authors speak of impoverished nobility), bore Jastrzębiec coat of arms, and held the hereditary title of mayor (''wójt/vogt/advocatus'') of Wolbórz. After graduating from the Kraków Academy, he was ordained a vicar and serve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, Hungary, and List of rulers of Croatia, Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564.Milan Kruhek: Cetin, grad izbornog sabora Kraljevine Hrvatske 1527, Karlovačka Županija, 1997, Karslovac Before his accession as emperor, he ruled the Erblande, Austrian hereditary lands of the House of Habsburg in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Also, he often served as Charles' representative in the Holy Roman Empire and developed encouraging relationships with German princes. In addition, Ferdinand also developed valuable relationships with the German banking house of Jakob Fugger and the Catalan bank, Banca Palenzuela Levi Kahana. The key events during his reign were the conflict with the Ottoman Empire, which in the 1520s began a great advance into Central Europe, and the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Zápolya
John Zápolya or Szapolyai (; ; ; ; 1487 – 22 July 1540), was King of Hungary (as John I) from 1526 to 1540. His rule was disputed by Archduke Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand I, who also claimed the title King of Hungary. He was Voivode of Transylvania before his coronation, from 1510 to 1526. John came from a prominent Croatian-Slavonian noble family. His father became one of Hungary's wealthiest lords and served as Palatine of Hungary. During the Peasants' Revolt of 1514 led by György Dózsa, John gained influence through his military campaigns and by crushing the revolt, which bolstered his authority and earned him the title of "liberator of the realm." However, his power declined after his sister Barbara Zápolya, Barbara's death in 1515. And in 1528, he fled to Kingdom of Poland (1385-1569), Poland, later aligning with the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, leading Hungary to become an Ottoman Hungary, Ottoman vassal state. Rise of the Szápolya family John was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulrich Zwingli
Huldrych or Ulrich Zwingli (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a Swiss Christian theologian, musician, and leader of the Reformation in Switzerland. Born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenaries, Swiss mercenary system, he attended the University of Vienna and the University of Basel, a scholarly center of Renaissance humanism. He continued his studies while he served as a pastor in Glarus and later in Einsiedeln, where he was influenced by the writings of Erasmus. During his tenures at Basel and Einsiedeln, Zwingli began to familiarize himself with many criticisms Christian institutions were facing regarding their reform guidance and garnered scripture which aimed to address such criticisms. IIn 1519, Zwingli became the (people's priest) of the Grossmünster in Zurich where he began to preach ideas on reform of the Catholic Church. In his first public controversy in 1522, he attacked the Fasting and abstinence in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Oecolampadius
Johannes Oecolampadius (also ''Œcolampadius'', in German also Oekolampadius, Oekolampad; 1482 – 24 November 1531) was a German Protestant reformer in the Calvinist tradition from the Electoral Palatinate. He was the leader of the Protestant faction in the Baden Disputation of 1526, and he was one of the founders of Protestant theology, engaging in disputes with Erasmus, Huldrych Zwingli, Martin Luther and Martin Bucer. Calvin adopted his view on the Eucharist dispute ( against Luther). His German surname was ''Hussgen'' (or ''Heussgen'', ''Huszgen''), which he etymologized to ''Hausschein'' ("house-shine") and hellenized (as was the custom at the time) to Οἰκολαμπάδιος(''Oikolampádios'', from οἶκος ''oîkos'', "house," and λαμπάς ''lampás'', "torch, lamp", and -ιος, ''-ios'', "pertaining to"; this was then Latinised as ''Oecolampadius''). Life He was born as Johannes Heussgen (variously written as Husschyn, Hussgen, Huszgen or Hauss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Glareanus
Heinrich Glarean also styled Henricus Glareanus (born as Heinrich Loriti on 28 February or 3 June 1488 – 28 March 1563) was a Swiss music theorist, poet, humanist, philosopher and cartographer. He was born in Mollis (in the canton of Glarus, hence his name) and died in Freiburg im Breisgau. Biography Glarean was born as Heinrich Loriti (also spelled Loritti, Loretti, Loritis, Loris, Loritz and Loritus) in Mollis in Canton Glarus to a politician. As a boy, he took care of cattle and received a good education. After a thorough early training in music, Glarean enrolled in the University of Cologne, where he studied theology, philosophy, and mathematics as well as music. It was in Cologne where he held a poem as a tribute to Emperor Maximilian I. Since 1514 he was a teacher for Greek and Latin in Basel, where he met Erasmus and the two humanists became lifelong friends. He shortly was a lecturer at the University of Pavia for a few months in 1515, but returned to Basel due to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beatus Rhenanus
Beatus Rhenanus (22 August 148520 July 1547), born as Beatus Bild, was a German humanist, religious reformer, classical scholar, and book collector. Early life and education Rhenanus was born on 22 August 1485 in Schlettstadt (Sélestat) in Alsace. He was the third of three brothers. His father, Anton Bild, was a butcher from Rhinau (the source of his name "Rhenanus", which Beatus Latinised from his father, who was known as the "Rhinauer", the "man from Rheinau"). His grandfather Eberhard emigrated to Schlettstadt from Rheinau, and his son Anton was a member of the local council and acted as Schlettstadt's Mayor between 1495 and 1512. Beatus lost his mother, Barbara Kegler, at the age of three and was raised by his father and his uncle Reinhart Kegler, a priest. His father would not remarry and focused in providing his only surviving son with an excellent education. Between 1491 and 1503 Rhenanus attended the Latin school of Schlettstadt.Rhenanus, Beatus (2013). Hirstein, Jam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conrad Pellican
Konrad Pellikan (; ; sometimes anglicized as ''Conrad Pellican''; 8 January 1478 – 6 May 1556) was a German Protestant theologian, humanist, Protestant reformer and Christian Hebraist who worked chiefly in Switzerland. Life Pellikan was born on 8 January 1478 in Rouffach, Alsace. His German surname, "Kurscherer" ("Kürsner") was changed to "Pellicanus" by his mother's brother, Jodocus Gallus, an ecclesiastic connected with the University of Heidelberg, who supported his nephew for sixteen months at the university in 1491-1492. On returning to Rouffach 1493, he entered the Franciscan convent. There he taught ''gratis'' at the convents school in order he might borrow books from the library, and in his sixteenth year resolved to become a friar. This step helped his studies, for he was sent to Tübingen in 1496 and became a favorite pupil of the guardian of the Minorite convent there, Paulus Scriptoris, a man of considerable general learning. He taught Hebrew, Greek, mathem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
