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Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, Hungary, and List of rulers of Croatia, Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564.Milan Kruhek: Cetin, grad izbornog sabora Kraljevine Hrvatske 1527, Karlovačka Županija, 1997, Karslovac Before his accession as emperor, he ruled the Erblande, Austrian hereditary lands of the House of Habsburg in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Also, he often served as Charles' representative in the Holy Roman Empire and developed encouraging relationships with German princes. In addition, Ferdinand also developed valuable relationships with the German banking house of Jakob Fugger and the Catalan bank, Banca Palenzuela Levi Kahana. The key events during his reign were the conflict with the Ottoman Empire, which in the 1520s began a great advance into Central Europe, and the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperator Romanorum
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (other), Emperor of the Romans (; ) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (; ), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. The title was held in conjunction with the title of King of Italy#Kingdom of Italy (781–962), King of Italy (''Rex Italiae'') from the 8th to the 16th century, and, almost without interruption, with the title of King of Germany (''Rex Teutonicorum'', ) throughout the 12th to 18th centuries. The Holy Roman Emperor title provided the highest prestige among Christianity in the Middle Ages, medieval Catholic monarchs, because the empire was considered by the Catholic Church to be Translatio imperii, the only successor of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Thus, in theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered first among equalsamong other Catholic monarchs across E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduke Of Austria
Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: ''Erzherzog'', feminine form: ''Erzherzogin'') was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), which was below that of emperor, and roughly equal to that of king, prince-(arch)bishop, and grand duke, but above that of sovereign prince and duke. The territory ruled by an archduke or archduchess was called an archduchy. All remaining archduchies ceased to exist in 1918. The current head of the House of Habsburg is Karl Habsburg. Terminology The English word is first recorded in 1530, derived from Middle French ', a 15th-century derivation from Medieval Latin ', from Latin ''-'' ( Greek ) meaning "authority" or "primary" (see '' arch-'') and ' "duke" (literally "leader"). "Archduke" (; ) is a title distinct from "Grand Duke" (; ; ; ), a later monarchic title borne by the rulers of other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Helena Of Austria (1543-1574)
Archduchess Helena of Austria (full German name: ''Helena Marie Alice Christine Josefa Anna Margareta Madeleine Walburga Blandina Cäcilie Philomena Carmela Ignatia Rita de Cascia, Erzherzogin von Österreich, Prinzessin von Toskana''; 30 October 1903 – 8 September 1924) was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Bohemia, Hungary, and Tuscany by birth. Through her marriage to Philipp Albrecht, Hereditary Duke of Württemberg, Helena was also a member of the House of Württemberg and Hereditary Duchess consort of Württemberg. Early life Helena was born in Linz, Upper Austria, Austria-Hungary, the second-eldest child and eldest daughter of Archduke Peter Ferdinand, Prince of Tuscany and his wife Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. Helena was raised with her three siblings in Salzburg and Vienna until the end of World War I in 1918 when her family was exiled and moved to Lucerne, Switzerl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Barbara Of Austria
Barbara of Austria (30 April 1539 – 19 September 1572), was an Archduchess of Austria as a member of the House of Habsburg and by marriage List of Ferrarese consorts, Duchess consort of Ferrara, List of Modenese consorts, Modena and Reggio during 1565–1572. Life Early years Born in Vienna on 30 April 1539, Barbara was the eleventh child and eighth daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. On her father's side she was the granddaughter of King Philip I of Castile (also Duke of Burgundy) and Queen Joanna of Castile. On her mother's side, she was the granddaughter of King Vladislaus II of Hungary and Anne of Foix-Candale (who in turn was through her own mother Infanta Catherine of Navarre, a granddaughter of Queen Eleanor of Navarre and Gaston IV, Count of Foix). In the winter of 1547, the widowed Emperor Ferdinand I entrusted all his unmarried daughters to the care of nuns in the monastery in Innsbruck, where Barbara lived until her marriag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Margaret Of Austria (nun)
Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: ''Erzherzog'', feminine form: ''Erzherzogin'') was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), which was below that of emperor, and roughly equal to that of king, prince-(arch)bishop, and grand duke, but above that of sovereign prince and duke. The territory ruled by an archduke or archduchess was called an archduchy. All remaining archduchies ceased to exist in 1918. The current head of the House of Habsburg is Karl Habsburg. Terminology The English word is first recorded in 1530, derived from Middle French ', a 15th-century derivation from Medieval Latin ', from Latin ''-'' ( Greek ) meaning "authority" or "primary" (see '' arch-'') and ' "duke" (literally "leader"). "Archduke" (; ) is a title distinct from "Grand Duke" (; ; ; ), a later monarchic title borne by the rulers of other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Eleanor Of Austria
Archduchess Eleanor of Austria (2 November 1534 – 5 August 1594) was Duchess of Mantua by marriage to William I, Duke of Mantua. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. Life Eleanor was the eighth child and sixth daughter out of fifteen children born to King Ferdinand of Bohemia and Hungary (before his succession as Holy Roman Emperor) and his wife Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. She was a sister of Johanna of Austria, who married Francesco I de' Medici, thus making Eleonora the aunt of Marie de' Medici, Queen of France. Life in Mantua She married William I, Duke of Mantua on 26 April 1561. At about age five, Eleanor's daughter Anne Caterina became severely ill and nearly died. She contracted a high fever and her extremities began to swell. For two years she was ill. Finally Eleanor and William appealed to the Virgin Mary with deep prayer, promising to raise Anne as a child of Mary if she lived on. Soon Anne became healthy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine Of Austria, Queen Of Poland
Catherine of Austria (; ; 15 September 1533 – 28 February 1572) was one of the fifteen children of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. In 1553, she married Polish King Sigismund II Augustus and became Queen consort of Poland and Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania. Their marriage was not happy and they had no children together. After a likely miscarriage in 1554 and a bout of illness in 1558, Sigismund became increasingly distant. He tried but failed to obtain a divorce from the pope. In 1565, Catherine returned to Austria and lived in Linz until her death. Sigismund died just a few months after her, bringing the male line of the Jagiellon dynasty to its end. The dynasty would continue, strictly speaking, for one more reign—that of Sigismund Augustus’ sister, Anna Jagiellon, who was crowned with the male title of Rex Poloniae. Early life and Duchess of Mantua Catherine was one of the fifteen children of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Anna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Magdalena Of Austria
Magdalena of Austria (German: ''Magdalena von Österreich''; 14 August 1532 – 10 September 1590) was a co-founder and first abbess of the Ladies' Convent of Hall (''Haller Damenstift)'', born an archduchess of Austria from the House of Habsburg as the daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. She is a Venerable in the Catholic Church. Life Early life Archduchess Magdalena of Austria was born on 14 August 1531 as the sixth child and fourth daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (1503–1564) and his wife, born Princess Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547). She had a strict, religious upbringing with a heavy influence from Jesuits. Life as an abbess Archduchess Magdalena and her younger sister Margaret had long expressed a desire to remain unmarried and create a community of pious women, which their father had a difficult time accepting. After his death in 1564, Magdalena took a vow of celibacy and founded the Ladies' Convent of Hall ''(Haller Damenstift)' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Of Austria, Duchess Of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
Archduchess Maria of Austria (15 May 1531 – 11 December 1581) was the daughter of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor from the House of Habsburg and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. Early life Maria was born on the 15 May 1531 in Prague and grew up in Hofburg. She was described as "small" for her age as well as "almost intelligent", well-mannered and attractive, despite having inherited the facial features characteristic of the Habsburgs. Maria and her sisters received a strict and thorough Catholic religious education from the humanist Kaspar Ursinus Velius. She was taught German, Italian, Latin and French. She was also taught how to play keyboard instruments and dance. Marriage As part of the Treaty of Venlo, William of Jülich-Cleves-Berg was proposed a marriage to one of Emperor Charles V's nieces, with William being allowed to pick between Maria and her sister, Anna. In June 1546 Maria, along with her mother and her sister, arrived in Regensburg for the marriage neg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Anna Of Austria
Anna of Austria (7 July 1528 – 16 October 1590), a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg, was List of Bavarian consorts, Duchess of Bavaria from 1550 until 1579, by her marriage with Duke Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, Albert V. Family Early life Born at the Kingdom of Bohemia, Bohemian court in Prague Castle, Prague, Anna was the third of fifteen children of King Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand I (1503–1564) from his marriage with the Jagiellonian dynasty, Jagiellonian princess Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547). Her siblings included: Elisabeth of Austria (1526–1545), Elizabeth, Queen of Poland, Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria, Catherine of Austria (1533–1572), Catherine, Queen of Poland, Eleonora of Austria, Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua, Barbara of Austria, Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara, Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Johanna, Duchess of Tuscany. Anna's paternal g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Of Austria (1526–1545)
Elizabeth of Austria (, ; 9 July 1526 – 15 June 1545) was List of Polish royal consorts, Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania by marriage. She was the eldest of fifteen children of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and his wife Anne of Bohemia and Hungary.Duczmal (2012), p. 164 A member of the House of Habsburg, she was married to Sigismund II Augustus, who was already crowned as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania even though both of his parents were still alive and well. The marriage was short and unhappy. Elizabeth was of frail health, experiencing epileptic seizures, and died at age 18. Life Elizabeth was the first born child of Anna and Ferdinand, the couple had been married for five years before giving birth. Elizabeth spent most of her childhood in the Hofburg, Innsbruck. As both of Elizabeth's parents had a love of learning, she and her siblings received a strict and thorough education from the humanist Kaspar Ursinus Velius. Learning German, It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Of Bohemia And Hungary
Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (23 July 1503 – 27 January 1547), sometimes known as Anna Jagellonica, was Queen of Germany, List of Bohemian consorts, Bohemia, and List of Hungarian consorts, Hungary and Archduchess of Austria as the wife of King Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand I (later Holy Roman Emperor). Early life She was the oldest child and daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (1456–1516) and his third wife Anne of Foix-Candale. King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia was her younger brother. Her paternal grandparents were King Casimir IV Jagiellon (of the Jagiellon dynasty) and Elisabeth of Austria (d. 1505), Elisabeth of Austria, one of the heiresses of the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Duchy of Luxembourg and the Duchy of Kuyavia. Her maternal grandparents were Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale, and Infanta Catherine of Navarre, Catherine de Foix, an Infanta of the Kingdom of Navarre. Anne was born in Buda (now Budapest). The death of Vladislau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
