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Ivan I Of Moscow
Ivan I Danilovich Kalita (, ; – 31 March 1340) was Prince of Moscow from 1325 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1331 until his death. Ivan inherited the Moscow principality following the death of his elder brother Yury. In 1327, following a popular uprising against Mongol rule in the neighboring principality of Tver, Ivan and Aleksandr of Suzdal were dispatched by Özbeg Khan of the Golden Horde to suppress the revolt and apprehend Aleksandr of Tver, who ultimately escaped. The following year, the khan divided the grand principality between Ivan and Aleksandr of Suzdal. Upon the death of the latter in 1331, Ivan became the sole grand prince. His heirs would continue to hold the title almost without interruption. As the grand prince, Ivan was able to collect tribute from other Russian princes, allowing him to use the funds he acquired to develop Moscow. At the start of his reign, Ivan forged an alliance with Metropolitan Peter, head of the Russian Church, who then moved h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsarsky Titulyarnik
The '' Tsarsky titulyarnik'' (), sometimes translated as Tsar's Book of Titles, in full the Big State Book or Root of Russian Sovereigns (), is a 1672 illuminated manuscript containing portraits of List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchs. It was issued by Alexis of Russia and produced under the direction of Artamon Matveyev, the head of the ''posolsky prikaz'' (Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), foreign ministry). It also includes short biographies and illustrations of coats of arms, as well as portraits of foreign rulers. Gallery File:00 Tsarskiy titulyarnik page.jpg, Title page of copy in Hermitage Museum File:01 Tsarskiy titulyarnik.jpg, Coat of arms of Russia File:Aleksey titularnik.jpg, Portrait of Alexis of Russia File:Joasaphus II from Tsarsky titulyarnik.jpg, Portrait of Patriarch Joasaphus II of Moscow File:Titulyarnik - Louis XIV.png, Portrait of Louis XIV References {{reflist Russian heraldry Alexis of Russia 17th-century illuminated manuscripts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tver Uprising Of 1327
The Tver Uprising of 1327 () was a popular uprising against the Golden Horde by the people of the Principality of Tver. Their prince, Aleksandr, eventually fled to Pskov. The Tatars dispatched a punitive force led by Ivan I of Moscow and Aleksandr of Suzdal to crush the uprising. The following year, Özbeg Khan divided the Vladimir grand principality between Ivan I of Moscow and Aleksandr of Suzdal. Background In the early 13th century, the Mongol Empire invaded the Kievan Rus' and proceeded to establish a hegemony over the Russian states. Among the most important of these was the Vladimir grand principality, the most powerful Russian principality at the time. The extent of Mongol power was so great that the Golden Horde had the power to issue a jarlig, or decree, that allowed the Russian princes to rule over their lands, only if they swore allegiance to the Mongol Empire. When confidence fell for the rule of the grand princes of Vladimir, various factions in the grand princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Khans Of The Golden Horde
This is a complete list of khans of the Orda (organization), Ulus of Jochi, better known by its later Russian designation as the Golden Horde, in its right (west) wing and left (east) wing divisions known problematically as the Blue Horde and White Horde, and of its main successor state during a period of disintegration, known as the Great Horde. Khans of the Blue Horde are listed as the principal rulers of the Golden Horde, although many late rulers of the Golden Horde originated from the subordinate White Horde. Following the general convention, the list encompasses the period from the death of Genghis Khan in 1227 to the sack of Sarai (city), Sarai by the Crimean Khanate in 1502. The chronological and genealogical information is often incomplete and contradictory; annotation can be found in the secondary lists in the second part of the article, and in the individual articles on specific monarchs. Secondary list with short biographies The following is a detailed annotated list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Prince Of Vladimir
The Prince of Vladimir, from 1186 Grand Prince of Vladimir (), also translated as Grand Duke of Vladimir, was the title of the monarch of Vladimir-Suzdal. The title was passed to the prince of Moscow in 1389. Overview The monarch of Vladimir-Suzdal's title, ''veliky knyaz'' or ''velikii kniaz'' (, ) is variously translated into English as "Grand duke#Russian grand dukes, grand duke" or "Grand prince#Kievan Rus' and successor states, grand prince". Consequently, Vladimir-Suzdal has been interchangeably described as a "grand principality" or "grand duchy". Linguist Alan Timberlake (2000) found that the first time the phrase ''velikȳi knęz'' shows up in the ''Suzdalian Chronicle'' (in the ''Laurentian Codex, Laurentian'', ''Radziwiłł Chronicle, Radziwiłł'' and ''LPS'' manuscripts) is under the year 1186, where it is applied to Vsevolod the Big Nest, Vsevolod Yurievich. In his early reign from 1177 to 1186, he is simply referred to as "prince Vsevolod" (''knęz (zhe) Vsevolod'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Nevsky
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (; ; monastic name: ''Aleksiy''; 13 May 1221 – 14 November 1263) was Prince of Novgorod (1236–1240; 1241–1256; 1258–1259), Grand Prince of Kiev (1249–1263), and Grand Prince of Vladimir (1252–1263). Commonly regarded as a key figure in medieval Russian history, Alexander was a grandson of Vsevolod the Big Nest and rose to legendary status on account of his military victories in northwestern Russia over Swedish invaders in the 1240 Battle of the Neva, as well as German crusaders in the 1242 Battle on the Ice. He preserved Eastern Orthodoxy, agreeing to pay tribute to the powerful Golden Horde. Metropolitan Macarius of Moscow canonized Alexander Nevsky as a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1547. Early life Born in Pereslavl-Zalessky around the year 1220, Alexander was the second son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. His mother was , daughter of Mstislav Mstislavich The Bold. From the ''Tales of the Life and Courage of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Of Moscow
The Grand Prince of Moscow (), known as the Prince of Moscow until 1389, was the ruler of the Grand Principality of Moscow. The Moscow principality was initially established in the 13th century as an appanage within the Vladimir-Suzdal grand principality. By the late 14th century, the grand principality became a family possession of the princes of Moscow; the monarch bore the title of ''grand prince of Vladimir and Moscow'' and later the title of ''grand prince of Vladimir, Moscow and all Russia''. History The grand principality of Vladimir-Suzdal fell apart into feuding appanages over the course of the 13th century. The princes of Moscow were descendants of Daniel. As Daniel never became grand prince of Vladimir before he died in 1303, this meant that according to traditional succession practices, his descendants were ''izgoi'': his son and successor Yury of Moscow had no legitimate claim to the throne of Vladimir. This is why Tokhta Khan granted Mikhail of Tver the grand princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theognostus Of Kiev
Theognostus (; died 11 March 1353) was a bishop of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople who served as Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'. Life Theognostus was born in Constantinople and later in his life became Peter's successor as Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'. He chose Moscow as his primary seat after he had lived for several years in Volodymyr in Volhynia. It was his lot to reconcile Novgorod with the Grand Duchy of Moscow in times of their mutual animosity. Theognostus managed to save all of the Russian churches' valuables and gave up all his personal property after he had refused to collect tribute from the churches in favor of the Golden Horde. He was tortured by the Tatars for such audacity. It was the Khan who finally gave up and confirmed the existing privileges of the Russian Orthodox Church. After a fire swept through Moscow, Theognostus started to restore the churches. In 1353, feeling that his days were numbered, Theognostus recommended Alexius (Bish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir, Russia
Vladimir (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, east of Moscow. It is served by a railway and the M7 motorway (Russia), M7 motorway. Population: History Vladimir was Vladimir-Suzdal, one of the medieval capitals of Russia, with significant buildings surviving from the 12th century. Two of its Russian Orthodox cathedrals, a monastery, and associated buildings have been designated among the White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the past, the city was also known as Vladimir-on-Klyazma () and Vladimir-Zalessky (), to distinguish it from Volodymyr, Volyn Oblast, another Vladimir/Volodymyr in Volhynia (modern-day Ukraine). Foundation The founding date of Vladimir is disputed between 990 and 1108. In the ''Novgorod First Chronicle'', Vladimir is mentioned under the year 1108, and during the Soviet period, this year was decreed to be its foundatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Of Moscow
Peter of Moscow (, Peter of Kiev, Peter of Rata, , ; c. 1260 – 20 December 1326) was an Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox metropolitan bishop, bishop of Kiev, who moved his Episcopal see, see from Vladimir, Russia, Vladimir to Moscow in 1325. Later he was proclaimed a patron saint of Moscow. In spite of the move, the office remained officially entitled "List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow, Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'" until the autocephaly, autocephalous election of Jonah Metropolitan of Moscow, Jonah in 1448.Petro of Kyiv, Metropolitan Encyclopedia of Ukraine Life Peter was born in Volhynia (part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia). His parents were Theodore and Eupraxia. At the age of twelve, you ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir-Suzdal
The Principality of Suzdal, from 1157 the Grand Principality of Vladimir, commonly known as Vladimir-Suzdal, or simply Suzdalia, was a medieval principality that was established during the disintegration of Kievan Rus'. In historiography, the territory of the grand principality and the principalities that emerged from it is commonly denoted as northeast Russia or northeast Rus. Yuri Dolgorukiy, Yury Dolgoruky () moved his capital from Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast, Rostov to Suzdal in 1125, following the death of his father. He ruled a principality that had become virtually independent. His son Andrey Bogolyubsky, Andrey () moved the capital to Vladimir, Russia, Vladimir and had Kiev sacked in 1169, leading to political power shifting to the north-east. Andrey's younger brother Vsevolod III () secured control of the throne, and following his death, a dynastic conflict ensued. Yuri II of Vladimir, Yury II () was killed during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus', Mongol invasions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Of Tver
Aleksandr Mikhailovich (; 7 October 1301 – 28 October 1339) was Prince of Tver and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1326 to 1327 and Grand Prince of Tver from 1338 until his death in 1339. His reign was marked by a failed Tver Uprising of 1327, popular uprising against the Tatars, which led to him losing the grand princely throne. After a period of exile, he was reinstated as prince before he was executed in Sarai (city), Sarai by the Mongols, together with his son Fyodor. His death marked the end of a 35-year-long struggle with the princes of Moscow. Early life Aleksandr was born in 1301. He was the second son of Mikhail of Tver by his wife, Anna of Kashin. He is first mentioned in 1319 when he went with the boyars of Tver to the city of Vladimir, Russia, Vladimir to see Yury of Moscow, who was the grand prince at the time. Aleksandr went there to conclude peace with Yury and to retrieve the body of his father, who had been executed by the Mongols in 1318. A treaty was signed on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of the Mongol Empire after 1259, it became a functionally separate khanate. It is also known as the Kipchak Khanate or the Ulus of Jochi, and replaced the earlier, less organized Cuman–Kipchak confederation. After the death of Batu Khan (the founder of the Blue Horde) in 1255, his dynasty flourished for a full century, until 1359, though the intrigues of Nogai Khan, Nogai instigated a partial civil war in the late 1290s. The Horde's military power peaked during the reign of Özbeg Khan (1312–1341), who adopted Islam. The territory of the Golden Horde at its peak extended from Siberia and Central Asia to parts of Eastern Europe from the Ural Mountains, Urals to the Danube in the west, and from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea in the south ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
