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Iron Crown Enterprises
Iron Crown Enterprises (ICE) is a publishing company that has produced role playing, board, miniature, and collectible card games since 1980. Many of ICE's better-known products were related to J. R. R. Tolkien's world of Middle-earth, but the '' Rolemaster'' rules system, and its science-fiction equivalent, '' Space Master'', have been the foundation of ICE's business. History Early years and ''Rolemaster'' In college in the late 1970s, while running a six-year ''Dungeons & Dragons'' campaign set in J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth, Pete Fenlon, S. Coleman Charlton, and Kurt Fischer began to develop a set of unique house rules; after most of them had graduated from the University of Virginia in 1980, many of the group's principals decided to turn their rules into a business and formed Iron Crown Enterprises (ICE), named after a regalia of Middle-earth. Besides Fenlon and Charlton, the original ICE also included Richard H. Britton, Terry K. Amthor, Bruce Shelley, Bruce Neidlinger, K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arms Law
''Arms Law'' is a supplement published by Iron Crown Enterprises in 1980 for the fantasy role-playing game ''Rolemaster''. Contents ''Arms Law'' is a combat system initially designed for melee combat in fantasy role-playing games, utilizing only percentile dice. In summary, each character has an Offensive Bonus (OB), which takes into account one's natural physical adeptness, weapon skill, and other factors, and a Defensive Bonus (DB), which takes into account natural agility, the use of shields and "Adrenal Defense", the ability of martial artists to avoid blows seemingly without effort. In addition various modifiers for position, wounds, and other factors are present. An attacking combatant rolls percentile dice, adds his or her OB to the total, adds modifiers, and subtracts the defender's DB. The total is then applied to a table for the attacker's weapon. The attack total is cross-indexed with the type of armor (if any) worn by the defender and the result will be a number of con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spacemaster
''Space Master'' is a science fiction role-playing game produced by Iron Crown Enterprises, written by Kevin Barrett and developed by Kevin Barrett and Terry K. Amthor. History Iron Crown Enterprises published ''Spacemaster'' in 1985. ICE published their new ''Spacemaster: Privateers'' RPG (2000) while in chapter 11. ICE's last remaining role-playing lines - ''Rolemaster'', ''Spacemaster'' and '' Shadow World'' – as well as the ICE brand itself were all that was left by 2001, and everything that was left was sold to John R. Seal of London for $78,000; those rights were then placed into Aurigas Aldebaron LLC, which is a holding company that takes on no debt and is solely intended to hold the ICE properties. Shortly after purchasing the ICE rights, Aurigas licensed them out to a company interested in continuing ICE's production: Phoenix LLC, which shortly after became Mjolnir LLC; although the original ICE was gone, Mjolnir began doing business as "ICE", using the company's I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TSR, Inc
TSR, Inc. was an American game publishing company, best known as the original publisher of ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D''). Its earliest incarnation, Tactical Studies Rules, was founded in October 1973 by Gary Gygax and Don Kaye. Gygax had been unable to find a publisher for ''D&D'', a new type of game he and Dave Arneson were co-developing, so founded the new company with Kaye to self-publish their products. Needing financing to bring their new game to market, Gygax and Kaye brought in Brian Blume in December as an equal partner. ''Dungeons & Dragons'' is generally considered the first tabletop role-playing game (TTRPG), and established the genre. When Kaye died suddenly in 1975, the Tactical Studies Rules partnership restructured into TSR Hobbies, Inc. and accepted investment from Blume's father Melvin. With the popular ''D&D'' as its main product, TSR Hobbies became a major force in the games industry by the late 1970s. Melvin Blume eventually transferred his shares to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Campaign And Adventure Guidebook For Middle-earth
''A Campaign and Adventure Guidebook for Middle-earth'' is a 1982 fantasy role-playing game supplement published by Iron Crown Enterprises. Contents ''A Campaign and Adventure Guidebook for Middle-earth'' is the first official material based on Tolkien's epic fantasies, and the first release in ICE's series of play aids for adventuring in Middle Earth. Reception William A. Barton reviewed ''A Campaign and Adventure Guidebook for Middle-earth'' in ''The Space Gamer'' No. 57. Barton commented that "Overall, the real usefulness of ''Middle Earth'' as a campaign aid will have to wait for subsequent modules in the series to be proven. Unless you're an absolute Tolkien fanatic and don't mind paying ..you may want to hold off purchasing this one until others in the series are available for evaluation." Jonathan Sutherland reviewed the ''Guidebook and Gridded Map'' for ''White Dwarf A white dwarf is a stellar core remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. A white dw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Lord Of The Rings
''The Lord of the Rings'' is an Epic (genre), epic high-fantasy novel by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. Set in Middle-earth, intended to be Earth at some time in the distant past, the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book ''The Hobbit'', but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, ''The Lord of the Rings'' is one of the List of best-selling books, best-selling books ever written, with over 150 million copies sold. The title refers to the story's main antagonist, the Dark Lord Sauron, who, in an earlier age, created the One Ring to rule the other Rings of Power given to Men in Middle-earth, Men, Dwarves in Middle-earth, Dwarves, and Elves in Middle-earth, Elves, in his campaign to conquer all of Middle-earth. From homely beginnings in the Shire, a hobbit land reminiscent of the English countryside, the story ranges across Middle-earth, following the quest to destroy the One Ring mainly through the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Hobbit
''The Hobbit, or There and Back Again'' is a children's fantasy novel by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published in 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the ''New York Herald Tribune'' for best juvenile fiction. The book remains popular and is recognized as a classic in children's literature. ''The Hobbit'' is set within Tolkien's fictional universe and follows the quest of home-loving Bilbo Baggins, the titular hobbit, to win a share of the treasure guarded by a dragon named Smaug. Bilbo's journey takes him from his light-hearted, rural surroundings into more sinister territory. The story is told in the form of an episodic quest, and most chapters introduce a specific creature or type of creature of Tolkien's geography. Bilbo gains a new level of maturity, competence, and wisdom by accepting the disreputable, romantic, fey, and adventurous sides of his nature and applying his wits and common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolkien Enterprises
Middle-earth Enterprises, formerly known as Tolkien Enterprises, is a subdivision of the Embracer Freemode division of Embracer Group and formerly a trade name for a division of The Saul Zaentz Company. The subdivision owns the worldwide exclusive rights to certain elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's two most famous literary works: ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''. These elements include the names of characters contained within as well as the names of places, objects and events within them, and certain short phrases and sayings from the works. In August 2022, Embracer Group announced that it had entered into an agreement to purchase Middle-earth Enterprises from The Saul Zaentz Company. Background and history J. R. R. Tolkien, the author of ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings'', sold the film, stage and merchandising rights of those works to United Artists in 1968. They in turn sold them to The Saul Zaentz Company in 1976, which licenses them through the former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campaign Law
''Campaign Law'' is a 1984 role-playing game supplement published by Iron Crown Enterprises for ''Rolemaster''. Contents ''Campaign Law'' is the original version of the campaign guidelines for ''Rolemaster'', and describes how to set up and run a campaign and includes the scenario "World of Vog Mur". Publication history ''Campaign Law'' was written by Pete Fenlon, Peter C. Fenlon and John David Ruemmler, with a cover by Dean Morrisey, and was published by Iron Crown Enterprises in 1984 as a 56-page book. ICE opted to give ''Rolemaster'' a setting when they published their fifth ''Rolemaster'' core book, ''Campaign Law'' (1984). ''Campaign Law'' described how to run an entire campaign — making it one of the earliest GM guidebooks on the markets. Campaign Law reintroduced the setting of Loremaster through three new islands collectively called "The World of Vog Mur." Reviews *''Dragon (magazine), Dragon'' #88 (Aug., 1984) References {{Rpg-stub Role-playing game supplemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Character Law
''Character Law'' is a supplement published by Iron Crown Enterprises (ICE) in 1982 for the fantasy role-playing game ''Rolemaster''. Publication history ''Character Law'', a 48-page softcover book written by S. Coleman Charlton and Peter C. Fenlon and published by Iron Crown Enterprises in 1982, is the original version of the ''Rolemaster'' character generation and development rules. In the 2014 book ''Designers & Dragons: The '80s'', author Shannon Applecline related that after publishing several other rulebooks, "Finally, ICE produced ''Character Law'' (1982), a book that provided character creation rules. It tied the set of four books into a (somewhat) cohesive whole, as was shown when ''Spell Law'', ''Arms Law'', '' Claw Law'', and ''Character Law'' were reprinted as a boxed set called ''Rolemaster'' (1982). A second edition was published in 1984. Contents Character generation In the first and second editions of this book, there are nineteen different character classes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spell Law
''Spell Law'' is a role-playing game supplement first published by Iron Crown Enterprises (ICE) in 1981 and written by Peter C. Fenlon, Jr., S. Coleman Charlton, and Terry K. Amthor, with Steven E. Moffat. It was originally published as a separate boxed set of four books, but was included in the initial 1984 release of the fantasy role-playing game ''Rolemaster'', and a separate third edition ''Spell Law'' book for ''Rolemaster'' was published in 1986 and a fourth edition book in 1989. ''Spell Law'' contains over 2,000 spells for role-playing game characters. It received mixed reviews in game periodicals including ''Ares'', '' Different Worlds'', '' The Space Gamer'', and ''Dragon''. Publication history ''Spell Law'' was written by Peter C. Fenlon, Jr., S. Coleman Charlton, and Terry K. Amthor, with Steven E. Moffat, and was published by Iron Crown Enterprises in 1981 as a boxed set with four 24-page books and 8 sheets of tables. A second edition was published in 1984, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miniature Wargaming
Miniature wargaming is a form of wargaming in which military units are represented by miniature physical models on a model battlefield. The use of physical models to represent military units is in contrast to other tabletop wargames that use abstract pieces such as counters or blocks, or computer wargames which use virtual models. The primary benefit of using models is aesthetics, though in certain wargames the size and shape of the models can have practical consequences on how the match plays out. Miniature wargaming is typically a recreational form of wargaming because issues concerning scale can compromise realism too much for most serious military applications. A historical exception to this is naval wargaming before the advent of computers. Overview A miniature wargame is played with miniature models of soldiers, artillery, and vehicles on a model of a battlefield. The benefit of using models as opposed to abstract pieces is primarily an aesthetic one. Models offer a vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
