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Indonesia–Singapore Border
The Indonesia–Singapore border is a maritime boundary in the Straits of Singapore between Indonesia's Riau Islands which lie to the south of the border, and the islands of Singapore which lie to the north. The Straits of Singapore is one of the region's busiest waterways as it is the main channel for Singapore's ports. Only a portion of the maritime border between the two countries has been determined. The remaining parts, especially those lying to the east of the delimited boundary, may require the involvement of Malaysia as the country also possesses territorial waters in the area. Border Agreements The Agreement Stipulating the Territorial Sea Boundary Lines between Indonesia and the Republic of Singapore in the Strait of Singapore signed by Indonesia and Singapore on 25 May 1973 determines the common territorial sea border as a series of straight lines connecting six coordinate points located in the Straits of Singapore. Indonesia ratified the agreement on 3 December 1973 wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime Boundary
A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of Earth's water surface areas using physiographical or geopolitical criteria. As such, it usually bounds areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources,VLIZ Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase General info retrieved 19 November 2010 encompassing maritime features, limits and zones.Geoscience Australia Maritime definitions retrieved 16 January 2023 Generally, a maritime boundary is delineated at a particular distance from a jurisdiction's coastline. Although in some countries the term ''maritime boundary'' represents borders of a maritime nation that are recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, maritime borders usually serve to identify the edge of international waters. Maritime boundaries exist in the context of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones; however, the terminology does not encompass lake or river boundaries, which are considered within the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Geodetic System
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS. The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM). The standard is published and maintained by the United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. History Efforts to supplement the various national surveying systems began in the 19th century with Friedrich Robert Helmert, F.R. Helmert's book (''Mathematical and Physical Theories of Physical Geodesy''). Austria and Germany founded the (Central Bureau of International Geodesy), and a series of global ellipsoids of the Earth were derived (e.g., Helmert 1906, John Fillmore Hayford, Hayford 1910 and 1924). A unified geodetic system for the whole world became essential in the 1950s for several reasons: * International space science and the beginning of as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia–Singapore Border
The Indonesia–Singapore border is a maritime boundary in the Straits of Singapore between Indonesia's Riau Islands which lie to the south of the border, and the islands of Singapore which lie to the north. The Straits of Singapore is one of the region's busiest waterways as it is the main channel for Singapore's ports. Only a portion of the maritime border between the two countries has been determined. The remaining parts, especially those lying to the east of the delimited boundary, may require the involvement of Malaysia as the country also possesses territorial waters in the area. Border Agreements The Agreement Stipulating the Territorial Sea Boundary Lines between Indonesia and the Republic of Singapore in the Strait of Singapore signed by Indonesia and Singapore on 25 May 1973 determines the common territorial sea border as a series of straight lines connecting six coordinate points located in the Straits of Singapore. Indonesia ratified the agreement on 3 December 1973 wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Singapore Cruise Centre
The Singapore Cruise Centre ( abbrev: SCC; Chinese: 新加坡邮轮中心) is a cruise terminal located in the south of Singapore next to HarbourFront Centre in the vicinity of HarbourFront and in Keppel Harbour, near HarbourFront MRT station. History SCC was built in 1991 by the Port of Singapore Authority (PSA). In 1998, it was upgraded at the cost of $23 million. It comprises two terminals, namely the International Passenger Terminal (IPT), and the Regional Ferry Terminal (RFT). The Singapore Cruise Centre Pte Ltd, which is owned by PSA, took over management of the centre on 1 April 2003 when PSA Corporation divested its non-core businesses. Additionally, SCC manages 2 other ferry terminals; Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal and Pasir Panjang Ferry Terminal. In total, SCC handles a throughput of over 7 million cruise and ferry passengers a year, of which about 950,000 are cruise passengers. The existing terminals at HarbourFront were renovated in 2008 to optimize the us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanah Merah, Singapore
Tanah Merah (, Jawi: تانه ميره, , ), is a geographical region located along the south-eastern coast of the East Region of Singapore. Although its boundaries are not exactly clear, it is widely accepted that the term refers to the southern coast of present-day Bedok, Tampines, Changi and Changi Bay. Etymology The name "Tanah Merah" appears in the seventeenth century (1604) map by Manuel Godinho de Erédia on Singapore, written as ''Tana Mera''. This place name is likely to have been an important reference point for the ''orang laut'' (sea people) in their activities in the region. The Malay name for this area is derived from the red lateritic cliffs along the coast that were visible from the sea, hence the name ''Tanah Merah'' or "red land". The earliest written reference comes from James Horsburgh's 1806 chart of "Singapore and Malacca", which has the name "Red Cliffs". Later, two sets of red cliffs were identified in Franklin and Jackson's 1830 map: "Large Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riau Islands Flight Information Region
The Riau Islands Flight Information Region is a proposed Flight Information Region (FIR) situated above the Riau Islands, which is a province of Indonesia comprising the principal group of the Riau Archipelago along with other island groups to the south, east and northeast. It is currently part of the Singapore FIR under the administration of the Singapore civil aviation authorities as a result of an arrangement by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1946. Background An FIR is the area of airspace that a country's civil air traffic control centre controls as assigned by the ICAO. Its main purpose is to give flight information services to civil aircraft flying through the area to ensure flight safety. There is no standard size for FIRs. Rather, FIRs are designed to ensure administrative convenience and flight safety. The latter point is a critical function of FIRs for users of the airspace, especially commercial aircraft and aircraft in distress, as information ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Dutch Treaty Of 1824
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (), was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 17 March 1824. The treaty was to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. For the Dutch, it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, and for the British, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850), Charles Williams-Wynn. History The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, designed to solve issues arising from British occupation of Dutch colonial possessions during the Napoleonic Wars, as well as trading rights existing for hundreds of years in the Spice Islands between the two nations, addressed a wide array of issues but did not clearly describe limitations of expansion by either side in maritime Southeast Asia. The Founding years of modern Singapore, British establishment of Singapore on the Malay Peninsula in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles exacerbated tensions between the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Rocks
The Middle Rocks (; Jawi: باتون تڠه; ) are two uninhabited small rocks separated by of open water at the eastern opening of the Strait of Singapore on the western edge of the South China Sea. The islands were disputed territory between Malaysia and Singapore (known as the Pedra Branca dispute) until, on 23 May 2008, the International Court of Justice decided that sovereignty over Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia by 15 votes to one. Geography The Middle Rocks are to the southeast of the Malaysian state of Johor and just south of Pedra Branca, and stand between and above sea level. Ownership dispute Together with Pedra Branca and another rock formation within the vicinity known as South Ledge, Middle Rocks were the subject of a territorial dispute between Malaysia and Singapore. For Middle Rocks and South Ledge, the dispute arose when Singapore claimed both islets in 1993. The matter was settled by the International Court of Justice in 2008, which ruled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bintan
Bintan Regency (originally the Riau Islands Regency; ) is an administrative area in the Riau Islands Province of Indonesia. Bintan Regency includes all of Bintan Island (except for the city of Tanjung Pinang which is separately administered as an autonomous area of the island) and also includes many outlying islands including the Tambelan Archipelago and Badas Islands situated between Bintan and West Kalimantan; altogether there are 273 islands comprising the regency. The Bintan Regency originally included all of the areas now comprising the Riau Islands Province, but on 4 October 1999 parts of the regency were split off to create separate Regencies of Karimun and Natuna (the latter originally including what in 2008 became the Anambas Islands Regency), together with the independent city of Batam. On 21 June 2001 the town of Tanjung Pinang on Bintan Island was also split off to become an independent city. In 2002 all these areas which had comprised the original Bintan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedra Branca, Singapore
Pedra Branca (), also known as Batu Putih (), is an outlying island and the easternmost point of Singapore.For the history, historical cartography, and toponymy of ''Pedra Branca'', cf. Ong, Brenda Man Qing, and Francesco Perono Cacciafoco. (2022). Pedra Branca off Singapore: A Historical Cartographic Analysis of a Post-Colonial Territorially Disputed Island. ''Histories'', 2, 1: 47-67Paper, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/histories2010005. The name of the island, which is Portuguese for "white rock", refers to whitish guano deposited on the rock. The island consists of a small outcrop of granite rocks with an area of about at low tide. During the low water spring tide it measures, at its longest, and has an average width of . Pedra Branca is situated at , where the Singapore Strait meets the South China Sea. There are two maritime features near Pedra Branca. Middle Rocks, under the sovereignty of Malaysia, consists of two clusters of small rocks about apart situated south of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batam
Batam, officially the City of Batam (, not to be confused with ''Batam Kota'', a kecamatan, district within this city), is the largest List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city in the Indonesian province of Riau Islands. The city administrative area covers three main islands of Batam, Rempang and Galang Island, Galang (collectively called Barelang), as well as Bulan Island, Bulang to the west and several smaller islands. Batam Island is the core Urban area, urban and Zoning, industrial zone, while both Rempang Island and Galang Island maintain their rural character and low-density population; they are connected to Batam Island by short bridges. Bulan Island, Bulang Island and the islands to its north forming Belakang Padang District lie to the west of Batam Island but are also administratively within the city. Batam is an industrial boomtown, an emerging transport hub and part of a free trade zone in the Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle, located off Singapore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaysia–Singapore Border
The Malaysia–Singapore border is an international maritime border between the Southeast Asian countries of Malaysia, which lies to the north of the border, and Singapore to the south. The boundary is formed by straight lines between maritime geographical coordinates running along or near the deepest channel of the Straits of Johor. The western portion of the border, beyond that delimited by the 1995 agreement, goes into the western section of the Straits of Singapore while the eastern portion of the border beyond the eastern terminus of the defined border continues into the eastern section of the straits. Outside the border defined by the 1995 agreement, there is still no formal agreement between the two countries to delimit their common borders and this has resulted in several overlapping claims. Singapore claims a territorial sea limit that extends up to 12 nautical miles and an exclusive economic zone (EEZ), while Malaysia claims a 12 nautical mile territorial sea limit. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
