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Inconfidência Mineira
The (; "Minas Gerais Conspiracy") was an unsuccessful separatist movement in Colonial Brazil in 1789. It was the result of a confluence of external and internal causes. The external inspiration was the History of the United States (1776–1789), independence of Thirteen Colonies, thirteen British colonies in North America following the American Revolutionary War, a development that impressed the intellectual elite of particularly the Captaincies of Brazil, captaincy of Minas Gerais. The main internal cause of the conspiracy was the decline of gold mining in that captaincy. As gold became less plentiful, the region's gold miners faced increasing difficulties in fulfilling tax obligations to the Portuguese crown (the tax over gold was one-fifth). When the captaincy could not satisfy the royal demand for gold, it was burdened with an additional tax on gold, called ''derrama''. Conspirators seeking independence from Portugal planned to rise up in rebellion on the day that the ''de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic Revolutions
The Age of Revolution is a period from the late-18th to the mid-19th centuries during which a number of significant revolutionary movements occurred in most of Europe and the Americas. The period is noted for the change from Absolutism (European history), absolutist monarchies to representative governments with a Constitutionalism, written constitution, and the creation of nation states. Influenced by the new ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment, the American Revolution (1765–1783) is usually considered the starting point of the Age of Revolution. It in turn inspired the French Revolution of 1789, which rapidly spread to the rest of Europe through its wars. In 1799, Napoleon Coup of 18 Brumaire, took power in France and continued the French Revolutionary Wars by conquering most of continental Europe. Although Napoleon imposed on his conquests several modern concepts such as equality before the law, or a Napoleonic Code, civil code, his rigorous military occupation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Revolution
The American Revolution (1765–1783) was a colonial rebellion and war of independence in which the Thirteen Colonies broke from British America, British rule to form the United States of America. The revolution culminated in the American Revolutionary War, which was launched on April 19, 1775, in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Leaders of the American Revolution were Founding Fathers of the United States, colonial separatist leaders who, as British subjects, initially Olive Branch Petition, sought incremental levels of autonomy but came to embrace the cause of full independence and the necessity of prevailing in the Revolutionary War to obtain it. The Second Continental Congress, which represented the colonies and convened in present-day Independence Hall in Philadelphia, formed the Continental Army and appointed George Washington as its commander-in-chief in June 1775, and unanimously adopted the United States Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Angola
In southwestern Africa, Portuguese Angola was a historical Evolution of the Portuguese Empire, colony of the Portuguese Empire (1575–1951), the overseas province Portuguese West Africa of Estado Novo (Portugal), Estado Novo Portugal (1951–1972), and the State of Angola of the Portuguese Empire (1972–1975). It became the independent People's Republic of Angola in 1975. In the 16th and 17th century Portugal ruled along the coast and engaged in military conflicts with the Kingdom of Kongo, but in the 18th century Portugal gradually managed to colonise the interior highlands. Other polities in the region included the Kingdom of Ndongo, Kingdom of Lunda, and Mbunda Kingdom. Full control of the entire territory was not achieved until the beginning of the 20th century, when agreements with other European powers during the Scramble for Africa fixed the colony's interior borders. History The history of Portuguese presence on the territory of contemporary Angola lasted from the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambaca
Ambaca is a town and municipality in Cuanza Norte Province in Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c .... The municipality had a population of 61,769 in 2014. In the 17th century, the Portuguese colonial authorities built a fort in the village of Camabatela, near the Lucala River margin. References Populated places in Cuanza Norte Province Municipalities of Angola {{Angola-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exile
Exile or banishment is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Usually persons and peoples suffer exile, but sometimes social entities like institutions (e.g. the Pope, papacy or a Government-in-exile, government) are forced from their homeland. In Roman law, denoted both voluntary exile and banishment as a capital punishment alternative to death. Deportation was forced exile, and entailed the lifelong loss of citizenship and property. Relegation was a milder form of deportation, which preserved the subject's citizenship and property. The term diaspora describes group exile, both voluntary and forced. "Government in exile" describes a government of a country that has relocated and argues its legitimacy from outside that country. Voluntary exile is often depicted as a form of protest by the person who claims it, to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joaquim Silvério Dos Reis
Joaquim Silvério dos Reis Montenegro Leiria Grutes (1756–1819) was a conspirator who betrayed the Inconfidência Mineira in exchange for having his taxes waived. He was the husband of Bernardina Quitéria de Oliveira Belo, who was a cousin of Francisco Antônio de Oliveira Lopes and aunt of Duque de Caxias and Conde de Tocantins. Biography Joaquim Silvério dos Reis Montenegro Leiria Grutes was born in Monte Real, a parish in the Portuguese municipality of Leiria, in 1756. Being assigned to Brazil, he was a colonel in the cavalry division of the Minas Gerais province in Borda do Campo (today, Antonio Carlos). He was also a farmer and proprietor of several gold mines in the province of Minas Gerais, during a time where mining was its main economic activity. He married Bernardina Quitéria de Oliveira Belo, cousin of Francisco Antonio de Oliveira Lopes and aunt to the Duke of Caxias and the Count of Tocantins. Inconfidência Mineira In the early 18th century, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joaquim José Da Silva Xavier
Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (; 12 November 1746 – 21 April 1792), known as Tiradentes (), was a leading member of the colonial Brazilian revolutionary movement known as the Inconfidência Mineira, whose aim was full independence from Portuguese rule and the creation of a republic. When the conspirators plot was uncovered by authorities, Tiradentes was arrested, tried and publicly hanged. Since the advent of the Brazilian Republic, Tiradentes has been considered a national hero of Brazil and patron of the Military Police. Early life Tiradentes was born on the Fazenda do Pombal, near the village of Santa Rita do Rio Abaixo, at the time disputed territory between the towns of São João del-Rei and Tiradentes, in the Captaincy of Minas Gerais. Joaquim José da Silva Xavier was the fourth of seven children of Portuguese-born Domingos da Silva Santos and of Brazilian-born Antônia da Encarnação Xavier. According to his mother's 1757 inventory, there were 35 slav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alférez (rank)
or is a junior officer rank in the militaries of some Hispanophone and Lusophone countries. The name originates from (), meaning "the knight", "the horseman" or "the cavalryman". However, today the rank is often translated as ensign (rank), ensign, sub-lieutenant or second lieutenant. The rank was first used by Iberian armies during the in the Middle Ages, being associated to the officer responsible for the carrying of a unit flag. During that time was the leader of the retinue of a king or high-ranking nobleman. The famous warrior El Cid was the of King Alfonso VI of Castile and Alfonso Núñez was the of Duke Raymond of Burgundy, Raymond of Galicia. Argentina In Argentina, the rank of ''alférez'' is used by both the Argentine Air Force, air force and the Argentine National Gendarmerie, gendarmerie. It is, however, used differently in the two services. The air force uses the rank for newly qualified officers, while the gendarmerie uses ''alférez'' ranks as an equivalen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomás Antônio Gonzaga
Tomás may refer to: * Tomás (given name) Tomás is a Spanish language, Spanish, Portuguese language, Portuguese, and Irish language, Irish (also in the archaic forms ''Thomaz'', ''Thomás'' and ''Tomaz (other), Tomaz'') given name equivalent of ''Thomas (given name), Thomas''. It ... * Tomás (surname) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alvarenga Peixoto
Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto (1744–1793) was a Colonial Brazilian Neoclassic poet and lawyer. He wrote under the pen name Eureste Fenício. The design of the flag of Minas Gerais is attributed to him. Biography Peixoto was born in Rio de Janeiro, to Simão Alvarenga Braga and Maria Braga. He studied at the Jesuit College in Rio and would later graduate in Law at the University of Coimbra, where he met and befriended Basílio da Gama, another Brazilian poet. After he graduated, he served as '' juiz-de-fora'' in Sintra. Returning to Brazil, he was senator of the city of São João del Rei and the '' ouvidor'' of the Comarca of Rio das Mortes. Due to overdue taxes, Peixoto would adhere to the unsuccessful 1789 Minas Conspiracy, alongside the poets Tomás António Gonzaga and Cláudio Manuel da Costa, the priest José da Silva e Oliveira Rolim and the '' alférez'' Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (a.k.a. "Tiradentes"). Joaquim Silvério dos Reis, a member of the Cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right To Property
The right to property, or the right to own property (cf. ownership), is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions. A general recognition of a right to private property is found more rarely and is typically heavily constrained insofar as property is owned by legal persons (i.e. corporations) and where it is used for production rather than consumption. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution is credited as a significant precedent for the legal protection of individual property rights. A right to property is specified in Article 17 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or in the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The 1950 European Convention on Human Rights acknowledges a right for a natural or legal person to "peaceful enjoyment of his possessions", subject to the " general interest or to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouro Preto
Ouro Preto (, ), formerly Vila Rica (, ), is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The city, a former Brazilian Gold Rush, colonial mining town located in the Serra do Espinhaço mountains, was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO due to its Portuguese colonial architecture, Baroque colonial architecture. Ouro Preto used to be the capital of Minas Gerais from 1720 until the foundation of Belo Horizonte in 1897. The municipality became one of the most populous cities of Latin America, counting on about 40,000 people in 1730, and 80,000 in 1750. At that time, the population of New York was less than half of that number of inhabitants and the population of São Paulo did not surpass 8,000. Officially, 800 tons of gold were sent to Portugal in the eighteenth century, not to mention what was circulated in an illegal manner, nor what remained in the colony, such as gold used in the ornamentation of the churches. Other historical cities in M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
