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Hasanwayhid
Hasanwayhids or Hasanuyid was a powerful Shia Kurdish dynasty reigning the western parts of Iran such as Iranian Azerbaijan and Zagros Mountains between Shahrizor and Khuzestan from c. 959 to 1015. The last Hasanwayhid ruler died in 1015 in Sarmadj, south of Bisotun, as the Seljuks began entering the region. Aishanid predecessors The Hasanwayhids were preceded in the region by the Aishanid or 'Ishaniya kurdish tribe. This particular group had ruled territories in the districts of Dinawar, Hamadan and Nahavand.Their emirs Ghanim and Windad (sons of a certain Ahmad) had usurped the rule from the Abbasid caliphate for fifty years, until their death in 960-961.The next generation of Aishani emirs couldn't keep the control of their family castles: Ghānim’s son Daysam was defeated by the Buyid armies, and Windād’s son ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, was taken prisioner by a rival kurdish group, and handed to the first Hasanwayhid ruler, Hasanwayh. He was a maternal nephew of Ghanim and Windad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasanwayh
Hasanwayh (also spelled Hasanuya), also known as Abu'l-Fawaris, was the Kurdish founder of the Hasanwayhid dynasty, ruling from 961 to 979. Biography Hasanwayh was the son of a certain Husayn and was from the Kurdish tribe of Barzikani. By 961, Hasanwayh managed to capture several fortresses, thus starting the Hasanwayhid dynasty. He managed to successfully resist Sahlan ibn Musafir, the Buyid governor of Hamadan, and the Buyid ''vizier'', Abu 'l-Fadl ibn al-'Amid. In 970 he reached a compromise with Abu 'l-Fadl's successor which guaranteed his autonomy in return for a tribute of 50,000 dinars. On September 16, 976, Rukn al-Dawla, the Buyid ruler of Jibal, died. After his death, Izz al-Dawla, the Buyid ruler of Iraq, prepared to take revenge against Rukn al-Dawla's son Adud al-Dawla, who had tried to depose him. Izz al-Dawla made an alliance with Fakhr al-Dawla, the brother of Adud al-Dawla and his father's successor to the territories in Hamadan. He also made an alliance w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annazids
The Annazids or Banu Annaz (990/991–1117) was a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty which ruled an oscillating territory on the present-day frontier between Iran and Iraq for about 130 years. The Annazids were related by marriage to the Hasanwayhids who they were in fierce rivalry with. The legitimacy of the Annazid rulers stemmed from the Buyid amir Bahāʾ al-Dawla and the dynasty relied on the Shadhanjan Kurds. Etymology Ali ibn al-Athir stated that the name ʿAnnāz derived from the word ''ʿanz'' meaning 'she goat' and signifies the owner, merchant, or shepherd of goats. However, Sharafkhan Bidlisi and Hamdallah Mustawfi put forward the name ''Banū ʿAyyār'' arguing that the Arabic word ''ayyār'' meaning 'smart' or 'shrewd' was also common in Kurdish and Persian and was used as a nickname for Kurdish families, while nor ''ʿanz'' or ''ʿannāz'' are mentioned in Kurdish dictionaries. Geography The Annazids principally controlled Kermanshah, Hulwan, Dinavar, Shahrizor, Daq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Badr Ibn Hasanwayh
Badr ibn Hasanwayh was the second ruler of the Hasanwayhids from 979 to 1014. He was the son and successor of Hasanwayh (). Biography During the civil war between the two Buyid brothers Adud al-Dawla () and Izz al-Dawla (), Hasanwayh had supported the latter. Following the death of Hasanwayh in 979, Adud al-Dawla invaded his territories, executed some of his sons, and installed Badr on the Hasanwayhid throne as his deputy over the neighbouring Kurdish territories. Following the death of Adud al-Dawla in 983, Badr showed his gratitude to him by having twenty men sent to on an annual pilgrimage to Mecca in the name of Adud al-Dawla (as well as Badr's parents). Like Adud al-Dawla, historians portray Badr as the ideal ruler, especially in protecting the settled farmers from his own nomad supporters. Unlike his father, Badr attended many Buyid court meetings. Following the death of the Buyid ruler Fakhr al-Dawla (), Badr went to Ray to help Majd al-Dawla () administer the local affai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurds
ug:كۇردلار Kurds ( ku, کورد ,Kurd, italic=yes, rtl=yes) or Kurdish people are an Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria. There are exclaves of Kurds in Central Anatolia, Khorasan, and the Caucasus, as well as significant Kurdish diaspora communities in the cities of western Turkey (in particular Istanbul) and Western Europe (primarily in Germany). The Kurdish population is estimated to be between 30 and 45 million. Kurds speak the Kurdish languages and the Zaza–Gorani languages, which belong to the Western Iranian branch of the Iranian languages. After World War I and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the victorious Western allies made provision for a Kurdish state in the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres. However, that promise was broken three years later, when the Treaty of Lausanne set the boundaries of modern Turkey and made no s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Kurdish Dynasties And Countries
This is a list of Kurdish dynasties, countries and autonomous territories. By the 10th century, the term "Kurd" did not have an ethnic connotation and referred to Iranian nomads in the region between Lake Van and Lake Urmia. In Arabic medieval sources, "Kurd" referred to non-Persian and non- Turkish nomads and semi-nomads (see Origin of the Kurds). Early entities * Sadakiyans (770-827) * ''Daysam'' (938–955) * Hadhabanis (906–1080) * Aishanids (912–961) * Shaddadids (951–1199)Amir Hassanpour, ''Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918-1985'', Mellen Research University Press, 1992p. 50./ref> * Rawwadids (955–1071) * Hasanwayhids (959–1014) * Marwanids (983–1096) * Annazids (990/91–1117) * Shabankara (11th century–12th century) * Principality of Eğil (1049–1864, Diyarbakir) * Hazaraspids (1115–1425) * Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1341) * Principality of Bitlis (1187–1847) * Vassaldom of Ardalan (14th century–1865 or 1868) * Zakarids (1161–1360) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buyid Dynasty
The Buyid dynasty ( fa, آل بویه, Āl-e Būya), also spelled Buwayhid ( ar, البويهية, Al-Buwayhiyyah), was a Shia Iranian dynasty of Daylamite origin, which mainly ruled over Iraq and central and southern Iran from 934 to 1062. Coupled with the rise of other Iranian dynasties in the region, the approximate century of Buyid rule represents the period in Iranian history sometimes called the 'Iranian Intermezzo' since, after the Muslim conquest of Persia, it was an interlude between the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Seljuk Empire. The Buyid dynasty was founded by 'Ali ibn Buya, who in 934 conquered Fars and made Shiraz his capital. His younger brother Hasan ibn Buya conquered parts of Jibal in the late 930s, and by 943 managed to capture Ray, which he made his capital. In 945, the youngest brother, Ahmad ibn Buya, conquered Iraq and made Baghdad his capital. He received the ''laqab'' or honorific title of ''Mu'izz al-Dawla'' ("Fortifier of the State"). The e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinavar
Dinavar (also spelled Dinawar and Daynavar; fa, دینور) was a major town between the 7th and 10th centuries, located to the northeast of Kermanshah in western Iran. The ruins of the town is now located in Dinavar District, in Sahneh County, Kermanshah Province. History Located in the centre of the ancient region of Media, Dinavar is first attested in history as a town founded by the Greek Seleucid Empire (312 BC–363 BC), but it may have been older. Like the neighbouring town of Kangavar, Dinavar also hosted a Greek population. Under the Sasanian Empire (AD 224–651), Dinavar served as an important fortified place, and was reportedly attacked by the Khazars in the early 6th-century. In 642, following the defeat of the Sasanians against the Arabs at the Battle of Nahavand, Dinavar was conquered. During the reign of the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I (), the town was renamed Mah al-Kufa and made one of the two districts of Jibal (Media). Dinavar consisted of the northern areas, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakuyids
The Kakuyids (also called Kakwayhids, Kakuwayhids or Kakuyah) ( fa, آل کاکویه) were a Shia Muslim dynasty of Daylamite origin that held power in western Persia, Jibal and Kurdistan (c. 1008–c. 1051). They later became ''atabegs'' (governors) of Yazd, Isfahan and Abarkuh from c. 1051 to 1141. They were related to the Buyids. Origins Scholars state that the Kakuyids were Daylamites, and relatives of Sayyida Shirin, who was from the Daylamite Bavand dynasty. History The founder of the Kakuyid dynasty was Ala al-Dawla Muhammad, a Daylamites, Daylamite military leader under the service of the Buyid dynasty, Buyid amirate of Jibal. His father, Rustam Dushmanziyar, had also served the Buyids, and was given lands in the Alborz to protect them against the local rulers of the neighbouring region of Tabaristan. Rustam was the uncle of Sayyida Shirin, a princess from the Bavand dynasty who was married to the Buyid ''amir'' (ruler) Fakhr al-Dawla (). Because of this connecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tughril
Abu Talib Muhammad Tughril ibn Mika'il ( fa, ابوطالب محمد تغریل بن میکائیل), better known as Tughril (; also spelled Toghril), was a Turkmen"The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire. chieftain, who founded the Seljuk Empire, ruling from 1037 to 1063. Tughril united many Turkmen warriors of the Central Asian steppes into a confederacy of tribes and led them in conquest of Khorasan and eastern Persia. He would later establish the Seljuk Sultanate after conquering Persia and taking the Abbasid capital of Baghdad from the Buyids in 1055. Tughril relegated the Abbasid Caliphs to state figureheads and took command of the caliphate's armies in military offensives against the Byzantine Empire and the Fatimids in an effort to expand his empire's borders and unite the Islamic world. Before the advent o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarmaj Castle
Sarmaj castle ( fa, قلعه سرماج) is a historical castle located in Harsin County in Kermanshah Province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Sasanian Empire The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the History of Iran, last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th cen .... References {{coord missing, Iran Castles in Iran Sasanian castles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality
A principality (or sometimes princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a regnant-monarch with the title of prince and/or princess, or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term ''prince''. Terminology Most of these states have historically been a polity, but in some occasions were rather territories in respect of which a princely title is held. The prince's estate and wealth may be located mainly or wholly outside the geographical confines of the principality. Generally recognised surviving sovereign principalities are Liechtenstein, Monaco, and the co-principality of Andorra. Extant royal primogenitures styled as principalities include Asturias (Spain). The Principality of Wales existed in the northern and western areas of Wales between the 13th and 16th centuries; the Laws in Wales Act of 1536 which legally incorporated Wales within England removed the distinction between th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emirate Of Bradost
An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world. From a historical point of view, an emirate is a political-religious unit smaller than a caliphate. It can be considered equivalent to a principality in non-Muslim contexts. Currently in the world, there are two emirates that are independent states (Kuwait and Qatar), and a state that consists of a federation of seven emirates, the United Arab Emirates. The unrecognized Taliban state in Afghanistan is also styled as an emirate. A great number of previously independent emirates around the world are now part of larger states, as can be seen in Nigeria. Etymology Etymologically, emirate or amirate ( ' plural: ' is the quality, dignity, office, or territorial competence of any emir (prince, commander, governor, etc.). In English, the term is pronounced or in British English and or in American English. Types Monarchies The United Arab Emirates is a federal state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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