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Habsburg–Ottoman War Of 1540–1547
The Habsburg–Ottoman war of 1540–1547 was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy supported by their vassals. The war ended in Ottoman victory in 1547 after signing the peace of Edirne. Background The Ottoman Empire, under the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, had emerged as a formidable force stretching across Asia, Africa, and Europe. With a military prowess that struck fear into the hearts of its adversaries, the Ottomans set their sights on expanding deeper into Central Europe. In contrast, the Habsburg Monarchy, led by Emperor Charles V, stood as a sprawling conglomerate of territories, with the Kingdom of Hungary becoming the crucible of imperial competition. Religious fault lines further fueled the conflict, as the Ottoman Empire, a Sunni Islamic power, clashed with the predominantly Catholic Habsburgs. The Kingdom of Hungary, a diverse region home to various religious and ethnic groups, became the epicenter of this religious and geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkans
The Balkans ( , ), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whole of Bulgaria. The Balkan Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the northwest, the Ionian Sea in the southwest, the Aegean Sea in the south, the Turkish straits in the east, and the Black Sea in the northeast. The northern border of the peninsula is variously defined. The highest point of the Balkans is Musala, , in the Rila mountain range, Bulgaria. The concept of the Balkan Peninsula was created by the German geographer August Zeune in 1808, who mistakenly considered the Balkan Mountains the dominant mountain system of southeastern Europe spanning from the Adriatic Sea to the Black Sea. In the 19th century the term ''Balkan Peninsula'' was a synonym for Rumelia, the parts of Europe that were provinces of the Ottoman E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Croatia (Habsburg)
The Kingdom of Croatia (; ; , ) was part of the Lands of the Hungarian Crown, but was subject to direct Imperial Austrian rule for significant periods of time, including its final years. Its capital was Zagreb. It was also a part of the lands of the Habsburg monarchy from 1527, following the Election in Cetin, and the Austrian Empire from 1804 to 1867. The Kingdom of Croatia had large territorial losses in wars with the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. Until the 18th century, the kingdom included only a small north-western part of present-day Croatia around Zagreb, and a small strip of coastland around Rijeka, that were not part of the Ottoman Empire or part of the Croatian Military Frontier. Between 1744 and 1868, the Kingdom of Croatia included a subordinate autonomous kingdom, the Kingdom of Slavonia. The territory of the Slavonian kingdom was recovered from the Ottoman Empire, and was subsequently part of the Military Frontier for a short period. In 1744, these territorie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, Hungary, and List of rulers of Croatia, Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564.Milan Kruhek: Cetin, grad izbornog sabora Kraljevine Hrvatske 1527, Karlovačka Županija, 1997, Karslovac Before his accession as emperor, he ruled the Erblande, Austrian hereditary lands of the House of Habsburg in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Also, he often served as Charles' representative in the Holy Roman Empire and developed encouraging relationships with German princes. In addition, Ferdinand also developed valuable relationships with the German banking house of Jakob Fugger and the Catalan bank, Banca Palenzuela Levi Kahana. The key events during his reign were the conflict with the Ottoman Empire, which in the 1520s began a great advance into Central Europe, and the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rüstem Pasha
Rüstem Pasha (; ; 1505 – 10 July 1561) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier to Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. Rüstem Pasha is also known as Damat Rüstem Pasha (the epithet ''damat'' meaning 'son-in-law') as a result of his marriage to the sultan's daughter, Mihrimah Sultan, in 1539. He is regarded as one of the most influential and successful grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire. Rustem Pasha was taken as a child to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), where he built a military and bureaucratic career under the protection of Hürrem Sultan, Süleyman's favorite and legal wife and Mihrimah's mother. His brother Sinan Pasha was an Ottoman grand admiral. Early life Rustem is referred to as a Bosnian by Tayib Osman-zade Ahmed, author of ''Hadikatul vuzara'' and the Turkish encyclopedia ''Kamus-ul-alam''. He is also referred to as a Bosnian by the Turkish historiographer Mustafa Âlî. However, other sources suggest different Croatian, Bosnian or Serbian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şehzade Bayezid
Şehzade Bayezid (; 1527 – 25 September 1561) was an Ottoman prince as the son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Hürrem Sultan. Early years Bayezid was born in 1527 in Constantinople during the reign of his father, Suleiman the Magnificent. His mother was Hürrem Sultan, an Orthodox priest's daughter, who was the current Sultan's concubine at the time. In 1533 or 1534, his mother, Hürrem, was freed and became Suleiman's legal wife.Kinross, Patrick (1979). The Ottoman centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire. New York: Morrow. . p, 236. He had four brothers, Şehzade Mehmed, Şehzade Selim (future Selim II), Şehzade Abdullah and Şehzade Cihangir, and a sister Mihrimah Sultan. Between 26 November and 8 December 1539, a ceremony was held and celebrating circumcision of Bayezid and his younger brother Cihangir. The entire city and palace were involved in the elaborate event. Representatives from Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, the French, and the Venetia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selim II
Selim II (; ; 28 May 1524 – 15 December 1574), also known as Selim the Blond () or Selim the Drunkard (), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death in 1574. He was a son of Suleiman the Magnificent and his wife Hurrem Sultan. Selim had been an unlikely candidate for the throne until his brother Mehmed died of smallpox, his half-brother Mustafa was strangled to death by the order of his father and his brother Bayezid was killed on the order of his father after a rebellion against him and Selim. During his reign, his grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha exerted significant control over state governance. The conquest of Cyprus and Tunis were notable achievements during his reign but setbacks occurred in the Battle of Lepanto and the failed capture of Astrakhan as part of the war with Russia. Early years Selim was born on 28 May 1524 in Constantinople during the reign of his father, Suleiman the Magnificent. His mother was Hürrem Sultan, an Orthodox pries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Şehzade Mehmed
Şehzade Mehmed (; 1521 – 7 November 1543) was an Ottoman prince, son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his wife Roxelana, Hürrem Sultan. He served as governor of Manisa. Early life Şehzade Mehmed was born in 1521 in the Old Palace, during Suleiman's campaign to Siege of Belgrade (1521), Belgrade. His birth was celebrated in the camp with sacrifices and distribution of alms. His mother was Roxelana, Hürrem Sultan, an Orthodox priest's daughter. In 1533 or 1534, his mother, Hurrem, was freed and became Suleiman's legal wife. He had four younger brothers, Şehzade Selim (future Selim II), Şehzade Abdullah, who died at the age of three years, Şehzade Bayezid, and Şehzade Cihangir, and a younger sister, Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I), Mihrimah Sultan. In June–July 1530, a three week celebration was organised in Constantinople that centered around the circumcision of Mehmed, and his brothers Şehzade Mustafa, Mustafa, and Selim II, Selim. The princes were ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Zápolya
John Zápolya or Szapolyai (; ; ; ; 1487 – 22 July 1540), was King of Hungary (as John I) from 1526 to 1540. His rule was disputed by Archduke Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand I, who also claimed the title King of Hungary. He was Voivode of Transylvania before his coronation, from 1510 to 1526. John came from a prominent Croatian-Slavonian noble family. His father became one of Hungary's wealthiest lords and served as Palatine of Hungary. During the Peasants' Revolt of 1514 led by György Dózsa, John gained influence through his military campaigns and by crushing the revolt, which bolstered his authority and earned him the title of "liberator of the realm." However, his power declined after his sister Barbara Zápolya, Barbara's death in 1515. And in 1528, he fled to Kingdom of Poland (1385-1569), Poland, later aligning with the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, leading Hungary to become an Ottoman Hungary, Ottoman vassal state. Rise of the Szápolya family John was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bálint Török
Bálint Török de Enying (25 September 1502 in Szigetvár – 1551 in Istanbul) was a Hungarian aristocrat, Ban of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade), and between 1527–1542 the Lord of Csesznek. He led a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire until he was captured by the Ottomans and taken to Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ... where he was executed for rebellion against the state. Sources *Bessenyei József: ''A Héttorony foglya'' *(MTA) ''Magyarország történeti kronológiája'' (II. kötet) *Bethlen Farkas: ''Erdély története'' *Nagy Iván: ''Magyarország családai czímerekkel és nemzedékrendi táblákkal'' *Hóman Bálint-Szekfű Gyula: ''Magyar történet'' (III. kötet) 1502 births 1551 deaths 16th-century rebels Hungarian nobility Voivo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Martinuzzi
George Martinuzzi, O.S.P.P.E. (born Juraj Utješenović, also known as György Martinuzzi, Brother György, Georg Utiessenovicz-Martinuzzi or György Fráter, ; 1482 – 16 December 1551), was a Croatian nobleman, Pauline monk and Hungarian statesman who supported King John Zápolya and his son, King John Sigismund Zápolya. He was Bishop of Nagyvárad (now Oradea), Archbishop of Esztergom and a cardinal. Name Since he usually identified himself as ''"Frater Georgius"'', he is known in Hungarian history as ''"Fráter György"''. Early years Most details of Martinuzzi's life before 1528 are uncertain. He was the youngest son of a Croatian lesser nobleman, Grgur Utješenović, and Anna Martinuzzi, who was descended from a Venetian patrician family. He was born in Kamičak Castle, near Skradin, on 18 June 1482. On the father's side, he is originating from a Hungarian noble family (Fráter from Dobra genus). His grandfather was András Mátyok-Kézi. He was still a child ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petru Rareș
Petru Rareș (; – 3 September 1546) or Petru IV was twice voivode of Moldavia from 20 January 1527 to 18 September 1538 and from 19 February 1541 to 3 September 1546. He was an illegitimate child born (probably at Hârlău) to Stephen III of Moldavia, Stephen the Great. His mother was Maria Răreșoaia of Hârlău, whose existence is not historically documented but who is said to have been the wife of a wealthy boyar fish-merchant nicknamed ''Rareș'' "rare-haired" (i.e. bald). ''Rareș'' thus was not Petru's actual name but a nickname of his mother's husband. In his youth he was a fish merchant, but Prince Stephen IV of Moldavia, Ștefăniță, grandson of Ștefan cel Mare, on his deathbed, recommended Petru as a suitable contender to the throne, thus acknowledging Petru's blood lineage from Ștefan cel Mare. Petru is said to have exhibited many of his father's qualities, such as ambition, daring, bravery, piety, artistic taste. However, he was marked by inconstancy and a la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devlet I Giray
Devlet I Giray (1512–1577, r. 1551–1577, , ; , ) was Khan of Crimea from 1551 to 1577. Events during his reign included the fall of Kazan to Russia in 1552, the fall of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia in 1556, and the burning of Moscow by the Crimean Tatars in 1571. Another notable event was the defeat of the Crimeans near Moscow in 1572. Cossack raids into the Crimea were also common during his reign. Early life and enthronement Devlet was the son of Mubarek Giray and the grandson of Meñli I Giray (1478–1515). After Meñli's death, the throne was held by Mubarek’s brothers and their sons until Devlet's accession. Thus, Devlet belonged to a collateral branch. Mubarek served Sultan Selim I and died fighting in Egypt in 1516–17. Devlet became Kalga to his uncle Saadet I Giray (1524–1532) in 1530. After Saadet's abdication in 1532, Devlet was imprisoned and followed his uncle to Istanbul. Girays in the Turkish military had the potential to become Crimean Khans. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
