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Georgian–Seljuk Wars
The Georgian–Seljuk wars ( ka, საქართველო-სელჩუკთა ომები, tr), also known as Georgian Crusade, is a long series of battles and military clashes that took place from 1064 until 1213, between the Kingdom of Georgia and the different Seljuk Empire, Seljukid states that occupied most of South Caucasus. The conflict is preceded by deadly raids in the Caucasus by the Turks in the 11th century, known in Georgian historiography as the Great Turkish Invasion. Background In 1048–9, the Seljuk Empire, Seljuk Turks under Ibrahim Inal, Ibrahim Yinal made their first incursion in Byzantine Empire, Byzantine frontier region of Iberia (theme), Iberia. The emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, Constantine IX requested help from the Georgian duke Liparit IV, Duke of Kldekari, Liparit IV of Kldekari, whom the Byzantines had aided in his Byzantine–Georgian wars#Liparit IV of Kldekari, struggle against the Georgian king Bagrat IV of Georgia, Bagrat IV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David IV The Builder
David IV, also known as David IV the Builder ( ka, დავით IV აღმაშენებელი, tr; 1073 – 24 January 1125), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the 5th king (''mepe'') of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125. Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuk Turks out of the country, winning the Battle of Didgori in 1121. His reforms of the army and administration enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia's control. A friend of the Church and a notable promoter of Christian culture, he was canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church. Sobriquet and regnal ordinal The epithet (), which is translated as (in the sense of "built completely"), , or , first appears as the sobriquet of David in the charter issued in the name of "King of Kings Bagrat" in 1452 and bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saltukids
The Saltukids or Saltuqids ( Modern Turkish: ''Saltuklu Beyliği'') were a dynasty ruling one of the Anatolian beyliks of the Seljuk Empire, founded after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) and centered on Erzurum. The Saltukids ruled between 1071 and 1202. The beylik was founded by Emir Saltuk, one of the Turkmen commanders of the Great Seljuk Alp Arslan. The beylik fought frequently against the Georgian Kingdom for hegemony of the Kars region. The center of the beylik, Erzurum, was briefly re-occupied by the Byzantine Empire between 1077 and 1079, and was besieged by the Georgian King Giorgi III in 1184. It comprised the entirety of present-day Erzurum and Bayburt provinces, lands east of Erzincan, most of Kars, and lands north of Ağrı and Muş provinces during its height. Origin The first known Saltukid is Ali, who was ruler of Erzurum in 1103. His son and successor was Saltuk, who succeeded him sometime after 1123. Saltuk had a female relative, a daughter or sister, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zakare II Zakarian
Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli (, ), was a Georgian prince and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia holding the office of '' amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) of the Georgian army for Queen Tamar of Georgia, during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was a member of the Mkargrdzeli dynasty, and ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia. Biography Zakare along with his father Sargis supported the rebellion of Prince Demna and the Orbelian family in 1177, however they soon sided with George III and fought for the monarchy against the insurgents. The rebellion was suppressed, and King George III elevated the Zakarid–Mkhargrdzeli family. Following the death of George III, Queen Tamar elevated Sargis Zakarian (Mkhargrdzeli)— a well-born valorous man, well-trained in battle — to the office of '' Amirspasalar'' ( Lord High Constable) and granted him possessions over Lori (which was deprived of from Kubasar). She gave presents to his elder son, Zakare, and his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Soslan
David Soslan ( ), (died 1207) was a prince from Alania and second husband of Queen regnant Tamar, whom he married in 1189. He is chiefly known for his military exploits during Georgia's wars against its Muslim neighbors. Name David's second name "Soslan" is the first known instance of it being used as a personal name. The name is derived from the mythological figure Soslan, who is one of the leading figures of the Ossetian Nart epics. Origins David Soslan was a member of the royal house which ruled Alania (Ovseti or Oseti in the Georgian sources; hence, the modern designation of Ossetia), an Orthodox Christian kingdom in the North Caucasus, and frequently intermarried with the Bagrationi dynasty of Georgia. An anonymous chronicler, writing during the reign of George IV Lasha (son of Tamar and David Soslan; 1212–1223), ascribes to Soslan a Bagratid ancestry. A version of his Bagratid origin found further development in the works of the 18th-century Georgian scholar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamar Of Georgia
Tamar the Great ( ka, თამარ მეფე, tr , ; 1160 – 18 January 1213) queen regnant, reigned as the List of monarchs of Georgia#Kings of unified Georgia (1008–1490), Queen of Kingdom of Georgia, Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age. A member of the Bagrationi dynasty, her position as the first woman to rule Georgia in her own right was emphasized by the title ''mepe'' ("king"), afforded to Tamar in the medieval Georgian sources. Tamar was proclaimed heir and Coregency, co-ruler by her reigning father George III of Georgia, George III in 1178, but she faced significant opposition from the aristocracy upon her ascension to full ruling powers after George's death. Tamar was successful in neutralizing this opposition and embarked on an energetic foreign policy aided by the decline of the hostile Seljuk Empire, Seljuk Turks. Relying on a powerful military elite, Tamar was able to build on the successes of her predecessor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sargis Zakarian
Sargis Zakarian ( ka, სარგის მხარგრძელი, tr; ) was a founder of the Zakarid dynasty line. He was a Court officials of the Kingdom of Georgia, Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the offices of ''Amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) for Queen Tamar of Georgia during the late 12th century. He was also ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia. He had two particularly famous sons: Ivane I Zakarian and Zakare II Zakarian. Sargis rose to prominence at the Georgian court in 1177, when he supported George III of Georgia during a revolt of his feudal lords. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Georgian army (''Amirspasalar'') from 1185, and he died in 1187 by the Georgian Queen Tamar. His son Zakare II Zakarian would inherit the title a few years later, from 1191. Sargis appears in various inscriptions of the time, such as the dedicatory inscription for the repair of the Church of St. Amenaprkitch in Sanahin Monastery and the construction o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivane II Orbeli
Ivane II Orbeli was a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the offices of ''Amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) and '' Mandaturtukhutsesi'' (Lord High Mandator). Biography According to Vardan Areveltsi the Georgian King David V was poisoned by Sumbat and Ivane Orbeli who had made an agreement with Prince George, that he would appoint them generals. In 1156 Ivane Orbeli was indeed rewarded by George III with the post of Amirspasalar (commander-in-chief). When King George III captured Ani in 1161 he appointed Ivane as governor. In the same year a Muslim coalition of Shah-Armens, Saltukids and Artuqids suffered a defeat when they tried to recapture Ani from the Georgians. In 1163 a second coalition was led by ''atabeg'' Shams al-Din Ildeniz, Eldigüz who defeated the Georgian king, George III was forced to hand over Ani to Fadl ibn Mahmud's brother Shahanshah ibn Mahmud. The Shaddadids ruled Ani for about 10 years as vassals of the Eldiguzids, but in 1174 Geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George III Of Georgia
George III ( ka, გიორგი III, tr) (died 27 March 1184), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the 8th King ('' mepe'') of Georgia from 1156 to 1184. He became king when his father, Demetrius I, died in 1156, which was preceded by his brother's revolt against their father in 1154. His reign was part of what would be called the Georgian Golden Age – a historical period in the High Middle Ages, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its military power and development. Life He succeeded on his father Demetrius I's death in 1156. He changed his father's defensive policy into a more aggressive one and resumed offensive against the neighboring Seljuqid rulers in Armenia. The same year he ascended to the throne, George launched a successful campaign against the Shah-Armens. It may be said that the Shah-Armen took part in almost all the campaigns undertaken against Georgia between 1130s to 1160s. Moreover, Shah-Armens enlisted the assistance of Georgian feudals di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demetrius I Of Georgia
Demetrius is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek male given name ''Dēmḗtrios'' (), meaning "devoted to goddess Demeter". Alternate forms include Demetrios, Dimitrios, Dimitris, Dmytro, Dimitri, Dimitrie, Dimitar, Dumitru, Demitri, Dhimitër, Dimitrije and Zmicier, in addition to other forms (such as Russian Dmitry) descended from it. Nicknames include Demmie, Dimmie, Demi, Jim, Jimmy, Jimmie, Metry, Metrie, Mimmie, Demetri, Dmitri, Mitică, Mitya and Dima. Demetrius and its variations may refer to the following: Real people Ancient * Demetrius of Alopece, 4th century BC Greek sculptor noted for his realism * Demetrius of Phalerum ( – BC) * Demetrius (somatophylax), somatophylax of Alexander the Great (d. 330 BC) * Demetrius I of Macedon (337–283 BC), called ''Poliorcetes'', son of Antigonus I Monophthalmus, King of Macedonia 294–288 BC * Demetrius the Fair (Demetrius the Handsome, Demetrius of Cyrene) (285 BC-249/250 BC) - Hellenistic king of Cyr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Of Chqondidi
George of Chqondidi ( ka, გიორგი ჭყონდიდელი, ''Giorgi Chqondideli'') (died c. 1118) was a Georgia (country), Georgian churchman and court minister best known as a tutor and the closest adviser of King David IV (r. 1089–1125). He served as an archbishop of Chqondidi (Chqondideli) in west Georgia and possibly played a role in a palace coup in which George II of Georgia, George II was forced to cede power to his young and energetic son David IV, while himself was reduced to the status of a co-king. George was the tutor and spiritual father of David and was appointed by the new king as the Chancellor, Grand Chancellor of Georgia (''Mtsignobartukhutsesi'') following the ecclesiastic Council of Ruisi-Urbnisi of 1103. Henceforth this office, for a time the greatest at the Georgian court, was usually held by the incumbent archbishops of Chqondidi. George appeared as David’s key ally in his reforms of the church and state machinery. He personally supervis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David IV
David IV, also known as David IV the Builder ( ka, დავით IV აღმაშენებელი, tr; 1073 – 24 January 1125), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the 5th List of monarchs of Georgia, king (''mepe'') of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125. Popularly considered to be the greatest and most successful Georgian ruler in history and an original architect of the Georgian Golden Age, he succeeded in driving the Seljuq dynasty, Seljuk Turks out of the country, winning the Battle of Didgori in 1121. His reforms of the army and administration enabled him to reunite the country and bring most of the lands of the Caucasus under Georgia's control. A friend of the Church and a notable promoter of Christianity, Christian Culture of Georgia (country), culture, he was canonization, canonized by the Georgian Orthodox Church. Sobriquet and regnal ordinal The epithet (), which is translated as (in the sense of "built completely"), , or , first appears ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George II Of Georgia
:''There was also a Giorgi II, Catholicos of Kartli who ruled in 826–838.'' George II ( ka, გიორგი II, tr) ( 1050 – 1112), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king (''mepe'') of Georgia from 1072 to 1089. He was a son and successor of Bagrat IV and his wife Borena of Alania. Unable to deal effectively with the constant Seljuk Turkish attacks and overwhelmed by internal problems in his kingdom, George was forced to abdicate in favor of his energetic son David IV, to whom he remained a nominal co-ruler until his death in 1112. He also held the high Byzantine titles of '' curopalates'' (c. 1060) and ''caesar'' (c. 1081). Early reign George's childhood coincided with the civil war between his father, Bagrat IV (r. 1027–1072), and the rebellious Georgian feudal lord Liparit, who succeeded in temporarily driving Bagrat into the Byzantine Empire, and crowned George as king at the Ruisi cathedral between 1050 and 1053, under the regency of Bagrat's sister Gurandukh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
