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George III Of Georgia
George III ( ka, გიორგი III, tr) (died 27 March 1184), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the 8th King ('' mepe'') of Georgia from 1156 to 1184. He became king when his father, Demetrius I, died in 1156, which was preceded by his brother's revolt against their father in 1154. His reign was part of what would be called the Georgian Golden Age – a historical period in the High Middle Ages, during which the Kingdom of Georgia reached the peak of its military power and development. Life He succeeded on his father Demetrius I's death in 1156. He changed his father's defensive policy into a more aggressive one and resumed offensive against the neighboring Seljuqid rulers in Armenia. The same year he ascended to the throne, George launched a successful campaign against the Shah-Armens. It may be said that the Shah-Armen took part in almost all the campaigns undertaken against Georgia between 1130s to 1160s. Moreover, Shah-Armens enlisted the assistance of Georgian feudals di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vardzia
Vardzia ( ka, ვარძია ) is a cave monastery site in southern Georgia (country), Georgia, Rock cut architecture, excavated from the slopes of the Erusheti Mountain on the left bank of the Kura (Caspian Sea), Kura River, thirty kilometres from Aspindza. The main period of construction was the second half of the twelfth century. The caves stretch along the cliff for some five hundred meters and in up to nineteen tiers. The monastery was an important cultural center, a place of significant literary and artistic work. The Church of the Dormition of the Theotokos, Dormition, dating to the 1180s during the golden age of Tamar of Georgia, Tamar and Shota Rustaveli, Rustaveli, has an important series of Mural, wall paintings. The site was largely abandoned after the History of Georgia (country)#Ottoman and Iranian domination, Ottoman takeover in the sixteenth century. Now part of a state heritage reserve, the extended area of Vardzia-Khertvisi has been submitted for future insc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Nakhchivan to the south. Yerevan is the Capital city, capital, largest city and Economy of Armenia, financial center. The Armenian Highlands has been home to the Hayasa-Azzi, Shupria and Nairi. By at least 600 BC, an archaic form of Proto-Armenian language, Proto-Armenian, an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language, had diffused into the Armenian Highlands.Robert Drews (2017). ''Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe''. Routledge. . p. 228: "The vernacular of the Great Kingdom of Biainili was quite certainly Armenian. The Armenian language was obviously the region's vernacular in the fifth century BC, when Persian commanders and Greek writers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adurbadagan
Adurbadagan (Middle Persian: ''Ādurbādagān/Āδarbāyagān'', Parthian: ''Āturpātākān'') was a northwestern province in the Sasanian Empire, corresponding almost entirely to the present-day Azerbaijan region in Iran. Governed by a ''marzban'' ("margrave"), it functioned as an important frontier (and later religious) region against the neighbouring country of Armenia. The capital of the province was Ganzak. Etymology ''Ādurbādagān'' is the Middle Persian spelling of the Parthian ''Āturpātākān'', which is derived from the name of the former satrap of the area, Atropates (Āturpāt). It is attested in Georgian as ''Adarbadagan'' and in Armenian as ''Atrpatakan''. Geography While Middle Persian texts are vague and incomprehensible about the geography of Adurbadagan, New Persian and Arabic texts are clearer. According to the 9th-century Persian geographer Ibn Khordadbeh, the following cities were part of the province; Ardabil, Bagavan, Balwankirgh, Barza, Barza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ildeniz
Shams al-Din Ildeniz, Eldigüz or Shamseddin Eldeniz (, , died 1175–1176) was an atabeg of the Seljuq empire and founder of the dynasty of Eldiguzids, atabegs of Azerbaijan, which held sway over Armenia, Iranian Azerbaijan, and most of northwestern Persia from the second half of the 12th century to the early decades of the 13th. Life A Kipchak by origin, he was formerly a freedman of Kamal al-Din al-Simirumi, the vizier of Seljuq sultan Mahmud II (1118-1131). After Simirumi's murder at the hands of Assassins in 1122, he passed to the hands of sultan, who entrusted his education to certain emir Nasr. According to Minorsky, after Mahmud's death, he attained to the post of governor of Arran and Azerbaijan under sultan Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud (1134–1152) in 1137, who also gave late sultan Toghrul II's widow Momine Khatun and appointed Eldigüz to be atabeg of Arslanshah (son of Toghrul) in 1161. He obtained Iranian Azerbaijan, Arran, Shirvan, Jibal, Hamadan, Gilan, Mazan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgi III Coin
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Giorgi may refer to: * Giorgi (name), a Georgian masculine given name * Giorgi (surname), an Italian surname * Giorgi family, a noble family of the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Ragusa See also * Giorgio (other) * Di Giorgi * George (other) * Zorzi The Zorzi or Giorgi was a noble family of Republic of Venice, Venetian origin. They thrived in the Late Middle Ages, especially in the remnants of the Latin Empire in Greece, where they controlled the Margrave of Bodonitsa, Margraviate of Bodo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dvin (ancient City)
Dvin ( or ; , ''Doúbios'' or Τίβιον, ''Tíbion''; , Dabīl or Doubil) was a large commercial city and the capital of early medieval Armenia. It was situated north of the previous ancient capital of Armenia, the city of Artaxata, along the banks of the Metsamor River, 35 km to the south of modern Yerevan Yerevan ( , , ; ; sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia, as well as one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerev .... It is claimed it was one of the largest cities east of Constantinople prior to its destruction by the Mongols in the 13th century, but with an overall area of approximately 1 km2, it was far smaller than many of the great cities of Asia. It had an estimated population of 45,000 in 361, 47,000 in 622, and around 100,000 at its height in the 8th-9th centuries. Nyura Hakobyan proposed a peak population of 100,000 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Ani (1161)
The siege of Ani was the unsuccessful siege of the city of Ani, by the Seljukid coalition arranged by the ruler of Shah-Armens in 1161. The large Muslim army was defeated by the Georgian King George III at the gates of Ani. Background The Shaddadid emir of Ani Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ibn Manuchihr was accused by the contemporary Armenian historian Vardan Areveltsi of persecuting Christians and attempting to sell Ani to the emir of Kars. In 1124 the Armenians decided to ask help from the Georgian King David IV, who besieged the city but Ani surrendered without a fight. David IV exiled the emir to Abkhazia and Ani was given by David to his general, Abuleti. While Armenian Christians welcomed liberation from Muslim rule, many nobles, feared losing their autonomy and sought better terms as Muslim vassals. Demetrius I of Georgia felt it expedient to release Fadl ibn Shavur ibn Manuchihr, Abulsuar's son, who returned to Ani in 1126, swore insincere oath of loyalty to the Georgian Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artuqids
The Artuqid dynasty (alternatively Artukid, Ortoqid, or Ortokid; Old Anatolian Turkish: , , plural, pl. ; ; ) was established in 1102 as a Turkish people, Turkish Anatolian beyliks, Anatolian Beylik (Principality) of the Seljuk Empire. It formed a Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman dynasty rooted in the Oghuz Turks, Oghuz tribe, and followed the Sunni Muslim faith. It ruled in eastern Anatolia, Northern Syria (region), Syria and Northern Lower Mesopotamia, Iraq in the eleventh through thirteenth centuries. The Artuqid dynasty took its name from its founder, Artuk Bey, who was a member of Döger branch of the Oghuz Turks and ruled one of the Turkmen Anatolian beyliks, beyliks of the Seljuk Empire. Artuk's sons and descendants ruled the three branches in the region: Sökmen of Artukids, Sökmen's descendants ruled the region around Hasankeyf between 1102 and 1231; Ilghazi, Ilghazi's branch ruled from Mardin and Mayyafariqin between 1106 and 1186 (until 1409 as vassals) and Aleppo from 111 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diyarbakır
Diyarbakır is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey. It is the administrative center of Diyarbakır Province. Situated around a high plateau by the banks of the Tigris river on which stands the historic Diyarbakır Fortress, it is the administrative capital of the Diyarbakır Province of southeastern Turkey. It is the second-largest city in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. As of December 2024, the Metropolitan Province population was 1 833 684 of whom 1 164 940 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 4 urban districts ( Bağlar, Kayapınar, Sur and Yenişehir). Diyarbakır has been a main focal point of the conflict between the Turkish state and various Kurdish separatist groups, and is seen by many Kurds as the de facto capital of Kurdistan. The city was intended to become the capital of an independent Kurdistan following the Treaty of Sèvres, but this was disregarded following subsequent political developments. On 6 February 2023 Diyarbakır ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sökmen II
Nāṣir al-Dīn Sökmen II (died 1185) was the '' Shāh-i Arman'', the ruler of the Turkoman principality centred on Ahlat, from 1128 until his death. He married Shāhbānū, daughter of ′Izz al-Dīn Saltuq II, ruler of the Saltukids of Erzurum. He and his wife both engaged in major building projects that brought the Shāh-i Armanid state to its zenith. In 1164, Shāhbānū rebuilt the ruined citadel of Ahlat and the roads leading into the city, replaced the old wooden bridges with new stone ones and constructed large new inns inside the city. She employed an engineer named Qaraqush, who completed the massive construction project in only a few months. None of these works have been survived, all being destroyed after the siege of Ahlat in 1229–30, when the '' Khwarazmshah'' Jalāl al-Dīn captured the city. Sökmen founded a city, Sukmānābād, named after himself. It lay west of Khoy on the caravan route between Ahlat and Tabriz Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Orbeli
The House of Orbelian () was a noble family of Armenia and a dynasty of Armenian lords of the province of Syunik, with a long history of political influence documented in inscriptions throughout the provinces of Vayots Dzor and Syunik, and recorded by the family historian Bishop Stepanos in his 1297 ''History of Syunik''. History In historical sources, Ivane Orbeli is mentioned for the first time from this family. The Orbels were especially advanced during the reign of Demetrius I and David V, when their family inherited the name of Amirspasalar, and Lori as a administrative state. For their bravery and loyal service at the Georgian court, the Orbelians received the hereditary title of commander-in-chief (amirspasalar) of the army and significant territories with a number of fortresses, including the fortress of Orbeti in the south of present-day Georgia, from which the name of the family - Orbeli and then Orbelian - was derived. In 1177-1178, Amirspasalar Ivane Orbeli led a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
