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Genoa Systems
Genoa Systems Corporation, later Genoa Electronics Corporation, was an American computer multimedia peripheral vendor based in San Jose, California, and active from 1984 to 2002. The company was once a prolific and well-known manufacturer of video cards and chipsets. The company also dabbled in modems, tape drives, sound cards, and other peripheral expansion cards. Genoa was a founding member of the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) and was instrumental in the development of Super VGA. History Foundation (1984–1987) Genoa Systems was founded in 1984 in San Jose, California, as a subsidiary of the Ching Fong Investment Company, a Taiwanese holding company headquartered in the United States in San Francisco. Genoa Systems was one of several high-tech companies that Ching Fong had founded in the early 1980s. Genoa's principal co-founder was Taiwan-born Frank C. Lin, who previously worked for Olivetti S.p.A., Olivetti as a senior manager. He was named Genoa's president ...
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San Jose, California
San Jose, officially the City of San José ( ; ), is a cultural, commercial, and political center within Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area. With a city population of 997,368 and a metropolitan area population of 1.95 million, it is the most populous city in both the Bay Area and Northern California and the List of United States cities by population, 12th-most populous in the United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay, San Jose covers an area of and is the county seat, seat of Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara County. Before the Spanish colonization of the Americas, arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was long inhabited by the Tamyen people, Tamien nation of the Ohlone people San Jose was founded on November 29, 1777, as the ''Pueblo de San José de Our Lady of Guadalupe, Guadalupe'', the first city founded in the Californias. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 after the Mexican Wa ...
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Monochrome Display Adapter
The Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA, also MDA card, Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter, MDPA) is IBM's standard video display card and computer display standard for the IBM PC introduced in 1981. The MDA does not have any pixel-addressable graphics modes, only a single monochrome text mode which can display 80 columns by 25 lines of high-resolution text characters or Semigraphics, symbols useful for drawing forms. Hardware design The original IBM MDA was an 8-bit ISA card with a Motorola 6845 display controller, 4 KB of RAM, a D-subminiature, DE-9 output port intended for use with an IBM 5151, IBM monochrome monitor. A parallel port for attachment of a printer is also included, avoiding the need to purchase a separate card. Capabilities The MDA was based on the IBM System/23 Datamaster's display system, and was intended to support business and word processing use with its sharp, high-resolution characters. Each character is rendered in a box of 9 × ...
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Tecmar
Tecmar Inc. was an American manufacturer of personal computer enhancement products based in Solon, Ohio. The company was founded in 1974 by Martin Alpert, M.D., and Carolyn Alpert. The company's first products were computerized medical equipment; the company shortly after pivoted to data acquisition boards for the first generation of microcomputers. Popular products included the Scientific Solutions LabMaster series of boards for S-100 and Apple Computer. Scientific Solutions In 1981, at the COMDEX show, Tecmar introduced 20 expansion cards for the new IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) announced three months earlier. Using experience in developing scientific and industrial products for Intel 8086 microcomputers, the company purchased two PCs on the first day and up to 50 employees worked on the peripherals; Tecmar's speed surprised even IBM. These products included the Scientific Solutions LabMaster, LabTender, IEEE-488, BaseBoard, TimeMaster, GraphicsMaster, memory expa ...
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Paradise Systems
Paradise Systems, Inc., was an American Graphics card, video controller and graphics adapter card manufacturer active from 1982 to 1996. The company became a subsidiary of Western Digital when they purchased Paradise in 1986; in 1995, they sold the division to Philips, who subsequently folded it after less than a year. History Independent era (1982–1986) Paradise Systems, Inc., was founded in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, by Paul Jain in 1982. A privately held company, Paradise was tightly knit in its first few years and had a team of seasoned electrical engineers as its base of designers. The company's first product, the Multi-Display Adapter expansion card, card for the IBM Personal Computer, IBM PC, was released in late 1983. Paradise's Multi-Display Adapter allowed for three video outputs to occur simultaneously—digital (Transistor–transistor logic, TTL) Color Graphics Adapter, CGA output, analog color Composite video, composite output, and monochrome (Mono ...
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STB Systems
STB Systems, Inc., was an American graphics adapter card manufacturer active from 1981 to 1999. Initially a manufacturer of various expansion cards for the Apple II, the company quickly leaned into the graphics accelerator market for IBM Personal Computer, IBM PCs and IBM PC compatible, compatibles, owing to the IBM PC's more open architecture. STB Initial public offering, went public in 1995 and was once the second-largest global vendor of multimedia computer products. In 1999, the company was acquired by 3dfx Interactive. History STB Systems, Inc., was founded in Richardson, Texas, in 1981 by Don Balthaser, Bill Ogle, and Mark Sims. Ogle, its chief founder, served as chief executive officer and chairman since the company's foundation; he previously worked for Texas Instruments as an engineer. The founders eschewed raising venture capital with the founding of STB, instead loaning $10,000 from Plano Bank & Trust as their startup capital. STB's first products were released in 1981 ...
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Video Graphics Array
Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a video display controller and accompanying de facto graphics standard, first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987, which became ubiquitous in the IBM PC compatible industry within three years. The term can now refer to the computer display standard, the 15-pin D-subminiature VGA connector, or the Graphics display resolution, resolution characteristic of the VGA hardware. VGA was the last IBM graphics standard to which the majority of IBM PC compatible computer manufacturers conformed, making it the Lowest common denominator#Colloquial usage, lowest common denominator that virtually all post-1990 PC graphics hardware can be expected to implement. VGA was adapted into many extended forms by third parties, collectively known as Super VGA, then gave way to custom graphics processing units which, in addition to their proprietary interfaces and capabilities, continue to implement common VGA graphics modes and interfaces to the presen ...
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Genoa Systems Phantom 6
Genoa ( ; ; ) is a city in and the capital of the Regions of Italy, Italian region of Liguria, and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. As of 2025, 563,947 people live within the city's administrative limits. While its Metropolitan City of Genoa, metropolitan city has 818,651 inhabitants, more than 1.5 million people live in the wider metropolitan area stretching along the Italian Riviera. On the Gulf of Genoa in the Ligurian Sea, Genoa has historically been one of the most important ports on the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean: it is the busiest city in Italy and in the Mediterranean Sea and twelfth-busiest in the European Union. Genoa was the capital of Republic of Genoa, one of the most powerful maritime republics for over seven centuries, from the 11th century to 1797. Particularly from the 12th century to the 15th century, the city played a leading role in the history of commerce and trade in Europe, becoming one of the largest naval powers o ...
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Video Seven
Video Seven, Inc., also typeset as Video-7, later Headland Technology, Inc., was a public American computer hardware company independently active from 1984 to 1989. The company manufactured expansion cards for personal computers, mainly graphics cards for the IBM PC through their Vega brand. It was founded by Paul Jain as his second venture in the graphics card market; after his departure in 1990, he founded Media Vision. Video Seven delivered both the first graphics card compatible with IBM's Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA), in 1985, and one of the first cards compatible with IBM's Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard, in 1987. At its peak, it was one of the three largest global manufacturers of graphics hardware for the IBM PC. In 1989, Video Seven merged with G-2 Inc., a subsidiary of LSI Logic Corporation, becoming Headland Technology. History Foundation (1984–1987) Video Seven, Inc. was founded by Paul Jain in Milpitas, California, in 1984. Before starting Video Seven, Jai ...
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Chips And Technologies
Chips and Technologies, Inc. (C&T), was an early fabless semiconductor company founded in Milpitas, California, in December 1984 by Gordon A. Campbell and Dado Banatao. Its first product, announced September 1985, was a four chip Enhanced Graphics Adapter, EGA chipset that handled the functions of 19 of IBM's proprietary chips on the Enhanced Graphics Adapter. By that November's COMDEX, more than a half dozen companies had introduced EGA-compatible boards based on C&T's chipset.The Enhanced Graphics Standard Comes of Age
''PC Magazine'', August 1986
This was followed by chipsets for PC motherboards and other computer graphics chips. C&T was acquired by Intel in 1997, primarily for its graphics chip business. Former members of C&T founded Asiliant Technologies in January 2000 to continue the supp ...
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Lotus 1-2-3
Lotus 1-2-3 is a discontinued spreadsheet program from Lotus Software (later part of IBM). It was the first killer application of the IBM PC, was hugely popular in the 1980s, and significantly contributed to the success of IBM PC-compatibles in the business market. The first spreadsheet, VisiCalc, had helped launch the Apple II as one of the earliest personal computers in business use. With IBM's entry into the market, VisiCalc was slow to respond, and when they did, they launched what was essentially a straight port of their existing system despite the greatly expanded hardware capabilities. Lotus's solution was marketed as a three-in-one integrated solution: it handled spreadsheet calculations, database functionality, and graphical charts, hence the name "1-2-3", though how much database capability the product actually had was debatable, given the sparse memory left over after launching 1-2-3. It quickly overtook VisiCalc, as well as Multiplan and SuperCalc, the two Visi ...
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Enhanced Graphics Adapter
The Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) is an IBM PC compatible, IBM PC Video card, graphics adapter and ''de facto'' computer display standard from 1984 that superseded the Color Graphics Adapter, CGA standard introduced with the IBM Personal Computer, original IBM PC, and was itself superseded by the Video Graphics Array, VGA standard in 1987. In addition to the original EGA card manufactured by IBM, many compatible third-party cards were manufactured, and EGA graphics modes continued to be supported by VGA and later standards. History EGA was introduced in October 1984 by IBM,High-Resolution Standard Is Latest Step in DOS Graphics Evolution, ''InfoWorld'', June 26, 1989, p. 48.News Briefs, Big Blue Turns Colors, ''InfoWorld'', October 8, 1984. shortly after its new IBM Personal Computer AT, PC/AT. The EGA could be installed in previously released IBM PCs, but required a Read-only memory, ROM upgrade on the Motherboard, mainboard. Chips and Technologies' first product, announced ...
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InfoWorld
''InfoWorld'' (''IW'') is an American information technology media business. Founded in 1978, it began as a monthly magazine. In 2007, it transitioned to a Web-only publication. Its parent company is International Data Group, and its sister publications include '' Macworld'' and '' PC World''. ''InfoWorld'' is based in San Francisco, with contributors and supporting staff based across the U.S. Since its founding, ''InfoWorld''s readership has largely consisted of IT and business professionals. ''InfoWorld'' focuses on how-to, analysis, and editorial content from a mixture of experienced technology journalists and working technology practitioners. The site averages 4.6 million monthly page views and 1.1 million monthly unique visitors. History The magazine was founded by Jim Warren in 1978 as ''The Intelligent Machines Journal'' (IMJ). It was sold to IDG in late 1979. On 18 February 1980, the magazine name was changed to ''InfoWorld''. In 1986, the Robert X. Cringely colum ...
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