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Fāʼ
Pe is the seventeenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic ''fāʾ'' , Aramaic ''pē'' 𐡐, Hebrew ''pē'' , Phoenician ''pē'' 𐤐, and Syriac ''pē'' ܦ. (in abjadi order). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪐, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . The original sound value is a voiceless bilabial plosive and it retains this value in most Semitic languages, except for Arabic, where the sound changed into the voiceless labiodental fricative , carrying with it the pronunciation of the letter. However, the sound in Arabic is used in loanwords with the letter '' pe'' as an alternative. Under the Persian influence, many Arabic dialects in the Persian Gulf, as well as in Egypt and in some of the Maghreb under the Ottoman influence uses the letter ''pe'' to represent the sound which is missing in Modern Standard Arabic. Not to be confused with the Turned g. The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Pi (Π), Latin P, Glagolitic Ⱂ, and Cyrillic П. Orig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pi (letter)
Pi (; Ancient Greek or , uppercase Π, lowercase π, cursive ϖ; ) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiceless bilabial plosive . In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 80. It was derived from the Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician letter Pe (Semitic letter), Pe (). Letters that arose from pi include Latin alphabet, Latin P, Cyrillic script, Cyrillic Pe (Cyrillic), Pe (П, п), Coptic alphabet, Coptic pi (Ⲡ, ⲡ), and Gothic alphabet, Gothic pairthra (𐍀). Uppercase Pi The uppercase letter Π is used as a symbol for: * In textual criticism, ''Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament), Codex Petropolitanus'', a 9th-century uncial codex of the Gospels, now located in St. Petersburg, Russia. * In legal shorthand, it represents a plaintiff. * In Mathematical finance, it represents a portfolio. Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering, In science and engineering: * The product (mathematics), product operator in mathematics, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pe (Persian Letter)
Pe () is a letter in the Persian alphabet and the Kurdish alphabet used to represent the voiceless bilabial plosive ⟨p⟩. It is based on ''Bet (letter), '' () with two additional Dot (diacritic), diacritic dots. It is one of the five letters that were created specifically for the Persian alphabet to symbolize sounds found in Persian but not in Standard Arabic, others being , , and , in addition the obsolete . In name and shape, it is a variant of ''bet (letter), be'' (ب). It is used in Persian language, Persian, Kurdish language, Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi language, Balochi, and other Iranian languages, Uyghur language, Uyghur, Urdu, Sindhi language, Sindhi, Kashmiri language, Kashmiri, Shina language, Shina, and Turkic languages (before the Latin script, Latin and Cyrillic script, Cyrillic scripts were adopted). Its numerical value is 2000 (see Abjad numerals). It is one of additional common foreign letters that are sometimes used in some Arabic dialects to represent foreign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Script
The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic (Arabic alphabet) and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world (after the Latin script), the second-most widely used List of writing systems by adoption, writing system in the world by number of countries using it, and the third-most by number of users (after the Latin and Chinese characters, Chinese scripts). The script was first used to write texts in Arabic, most notably the Quran, the holy book of Islam. With Spread of Islam, the religion's spread, it came to be used as the primary script for many language families, leading to the addition of new letters and other symbols. Such languages still using it are Arabic language, Arabic, Persian language, Persian (Western Persian, Farsi and Dari), Urdu, Uyghur language, Uyghur, Kurdish languages, Kurdish, Pashto, Punjabi language, Punjabi (Shahmukhi), Sindhi language, Sindhi, South Azerbaijani, Azerb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew Language
Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language until after 200 CE and as the liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. The language was revived as a spoken language in the 19th century, and is the only successful large-scale example of linguistic revival. It is the only Canaanite language, as well as one of only two Northwest Semitic languages, with the other being Aramaic, still spoken today. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, during the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pe (Cyrillic)
Pe (П п; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the unaspirated voiceless bilabial plosive , like the pronunciation of in "spin". History The Cyrillic letter Pe was derived from the Pi (letter), Greek letter Pi (Π π). The name of Pe in the Early Cyrillic alphabet was (''pokoi''), meaning "peaceful state". In the Cyrillic numerals, Cyrillic numeral system, Pe had a value of 80. Form The capital Cyrillic letter Pe Homoglyph, looks exactly like the Greek capital Pi from which it is derived, and small Pe looks like a smaller version of the same, though with a less prominent horizontal bar (Greek Π π > Cyrillic П п). Pe is not to be confused with the El (Cyrillic), Cyrillic letter El (Л л; italics: ), which has a hook on its left leg in some fonts (in others El resembles the Greek Lambda (Λ)). In italics and handwriting, capital Pe looks identical to the Greek capital Pi in these forms. The lowercase forms, however, di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic Script
The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, Mongolic, Uralic languages, Uralic, Caucasian languages, Caucasian and Iranian languages, Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by many other minority languages. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the Languages of the European Union#Writing systems, European Union, following the Latin script, Latin and Greek alphabet, Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University. It was founded in 1908 by George Parmly Day and Clarence Day, grandsons of Benjamin Day, and became a department of Yale University in 1961, but it remains financially and operationally autonomous. , Yale University Press publishes approximately 300 new hardcover A hardcover, hard cover, or hardback (also known as hardbound, and sometimes as casebound (At p. 247.)) book is one bookbinding, bound with rigid protective covers (typically of binder's board or heavy paperboard covered with buckram or other clo ... and 150 new paperback books annually and has a backlist of about 5,000 books in print. Its books have won five National Book Awards, two National Book Critics Circle Awards and eight Pulitzer Prizes. The press maintains offices in New Haven, Connecticut and London, England. Yale is the only American university press with a full-scale publishing operation in Europe. It was a co-founder of the dist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glagolitic Script
The Glagolitic script ( , , ''glagolitsa'') is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. It is generally agreed that it was created in the 9th century for the purpose of translating liturgical texts into Old Church Slavonic by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessalonica. He and his brother Saint Methodius were sent by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III in 863 to Great Moravia after an invitation from Rastislav of Moravia to spread Christianity there. After the deaths of Cyril and Methodius, their disciples were expelled and they moved to the First Bulgarian Empire instead. The Early Cyrillic alphabet, which developed gradually in the Preslav Literary School by Greek alphabet scribes who incorporated some Glagolitic letters, gradually replaced Glagolitic in that region. Glagolitic remained in use alongside Latin in the Kingdom of Croatia and alongside Cyrillic until the 14th century in the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Serbian Empire, and later mainly for cryptographic purposes. Glagolit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is the collection of letters originally used by the Ancient Rome, ancient Romans to write the Latin language. Largely unaltered except several letters splitting—i.e. from , and from —additions such as , and extensions such as letters with diacritics, it forms the Latin script that is used to write most languages of modern Languages of Europe, Europe, languages of Africa, Africa, languages of the Americas, the Americas, and Languages of Oceania, Oceania. Its basic modern inventory is standardized as the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Etymology The term ''Latin alphabet'' may refer to either the alphabet used to write Latin (as described in this article) or other alphabets based on the Latin script, which is the basic set of letters common to the various alphabets descended from the classical Latin alphabet, such as the English alphabet. These Latin-script alphabets may discard letters, like the Rotokas alphabet, or add new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Alphabet
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC. It was derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and is the earliest known alphabetic script to systematically write vowels as well as consonants. In Archaic Greece, Archaic and early Classical Greece, Classical times, the Greek alphabet existed in Archaic Greek alphabets, many local variants, but, by the end of the 4th century BC, the Ionia, Ionic-based Euclidean alphabet, with 24 letters, ordered from alpha to omega, had become standard throughout the Greek-speaking world and is the version that is still used for Greek writing today. The letter case, uppercase and lowercase forms of the 24 letters are: : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , The Greek alphabet is the ancestor of several scripts, such as the Latin script, Latin, Gothic alphabet, Gothic, Coptic script, Coptic, and Cyrillic scripts. Throughout antiquity, Greek had only a single uppercas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turned G
Turned g (⅁ ᵷ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed by rotating g 180 °. It is used to transliterate the Georgian letter ჹ. ჹ itself is the Georgian letter გ "g" rotated. Usage In 1844, created his Anti-absurd or Phenotypic alphabet, featuring turned g for the diphthong . In 1880, John Wesley Powell created a phonetic transcription for transcribing Native American languages in publications of the Smithsonian Institution. In the transcriptions, turned letters were used as supplementary characters. In 1900, turned g was a proposed phonetic symbol in the International Phonetic Association’s ''Exposé des principes'' to represent a voiceless laminal closed postalveolar sibilant, as found in Adyghe language, Adyghe, and other Northwest Caucasian languages. Franz Boas used turned g to represent the voiced velar fricative in his transcription of the Kwakʼwala language, published in ''American Anthropologist'' in 1900. In 1921, and used turned g in their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
