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Flavobacteriia
The class Flavobacteriia is composed of a single class of environmental bacteria. It contains the family Flavobacteriaceae, which is the largest family in the phylum Bacteroidota. This class is widely distributed in soil, fresh, and seawater habitats. The name is often spelt Flavobacteria, but was officially named Flavobacteriia in 2012. Flavobacteriia are gram-negative aerobic rods, 2–5 μm long, 0.1–0.5 μm wide, with rounded or tapered ends. They form circular cream to orange coloured colonies on agar, and are typically simple to successfully culture. Flavobacteriia is a chemoorganotroph and are known for their ability to mineralize or degrade dissolved organic matter of high molecular weight and particulate plant material. Flavobacteriia have impacts on both the environment and human society, as they are able to cause diseases in many organisms. They are important in the decomposition of organic matter and pollutants, and are key members in the formation of marin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteroidota
The phylum (biology), phylum Bacteroidota (synonym Bacteroidetes) is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals. Although some ''Bacteroides'' spp. can be Opportunistic Pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, many ''Bacteroidota'' are Symbiotic bacteria, symbiotic species highly adjusted to the gastrointestinal tract. ''Bacteroides'' are highly abundant in intestines, reaching up to 1011 cells g−1 of intestinal material. They perform metabolic conversions that are essential for the host, such as degradation of proteins or complex sugar polymers. ''Bacteroidota'' colonize the gastrointestinal tract already in infants, as non-digestible Human milk oligosaccharide, oligosaccharides in mother milk support the growth of both ''Bacteroides'' and ''Bifidoba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocinitomicaceae
''Crocinitomicaceae'' is a family of bacteria in the order ''Flavobacteriales The order Flavobacteriales comprises several families of environmental bacteria. Comparative genomics and molecular signatures ''Flavobacteriales'' is of one of the orders from the phylum ''Bacteroidota''. Comparative genomic studies have ident ...''. References Flavobacteria {{Flavobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergeyella Zoohelcum 2
''Bergeyella'' is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile genus from the family of Weeksellaceae ''Weeksellaceae'' is a family in the order Flavobacteriales. It was proposed to be split from the Flavobacteriaceae in 2019, based on phylogenetic analysis. Genera The family ''Weeksellaceae'' comprises the following genera: * '' Algoriella'' Y .... References Further reading * * * * Flavobacteria Bacteria genera {{Flavobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salegentibacter
''Salegentibacter'' is a genus of bacteria from the family of Flavobacteriaceae Flavobacteriaceae is a family of rod-shaped gram negative bacteria. The family contains many environmental bacteria, with some species being potential pathogens. History The family of ''Flavobacteriaceae'' was first proposed by Reichenbach in 1 .... References Flavobacteria Bacteria genera Taxa described in 2000 {{Flavobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schleiferiaceae
''Schleiferiaceae'' is a family of bacteria in the order ''Flavobacteriales The order Flavobacteriales comprises several families of environmental bacteria. Comparative genomics and molecular signatures ''Flavobacteriales'' is of one of the orders from the phylum ''Bacteroidota''. Comparative genomic studies have ident ...''. References Flavobacteria Bacteria families {{Flavobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabethkingia Meningoseptica
''Elizabethkingia meningoseptica'' is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature (e.g. fresh water, salt water, or soil). It may be normally present in fish and frogs; it may be isolated from chronic infectious states, as in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. In 1959, American bacteriologist Elizabeth O. King (who isolated '' Kingella kingae'' in 1960) was studying unclassified bacteria associated with pediatric meningitis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, when she isolated an organism (CDC group IIa) that she named ''Flavobacterium meningosepticum'' (''Flavobacterium'' means "the yellow bacillus" in Latin; ''meningosepticum'' likewise means "associated with meningitis and sepsis"). In 1994, it was reclassified in the genus ''Chryseobacterium'' and renamed ''Chryseobacterium meningosepticum''(''chryseos'' = "golden" in Greek, so ''Chryseobacterium'' means a golden/yellow rod similar to ''Flavobacterium''). In 2005, a 16S r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavobacterium Columnare
''Flavobacterium columnare'' is a thin Gram-negative rod bacterium of the genus ''Flavobacterium''. The name derives from the way in which the organism grows in rhizoid columnar formations. The species was first described by Davis (1922), and the name was validated by Bernardet and Grimont (1989). ''Flavobacterium columnare'' can be identified in the laboratory by a five-step method that demonstrates: # the ability to grow on a medium containing neomycin and polymyxin B # production of yellow pigmented rhizoid (root-like in appearance) colonies # production of a gelatin-degrading enzyme # binding of Congo red dye to the colony # production of a chondroitin sulfate-degrading enzyme The species has been known previously as ''Flexibacter columnaris'', ''Bacillus columnaris'', and ''Cytophaga columnaris''. ''Flavobacterium columnare'' is one of the oldest known diseases among warm-water fish, and manifests itself as an infection commonly known as columnaris. Infections are the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columnaris
Columnaris (also referred to as cottonmouth and saddle-back disease) is a disease in fish which results from an infection caused by the Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium '' Flavobacterium columnare''. It was previously known as ''Bacillus columnaris, Chondrococcus columnaris, Cytophaga columnaris'' and ''Flexibacter columnaris''. The bacteria are ubiquitous in fresh water, and cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern – with disease most prevalent in air temperatures above 12–14 °C. Due to the appearance of bacterial clumps, it can be mistaken for a fungal infection. The disease is highly contagious, and the outcome is commonly fatal. It is not zoonotic. Causes Columnaris disease occurs in both wild and farmed freshwater fish and is caused by the bacteria ''F. columnare''. The age of an infected fish impacts the course of the infection. The bacteria usually enter fish through gills, mouth, or small wounds, and is prevalent where high b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxobacteria
The myxobacteria ("slime bacteria") are a group of bacteria that predominantly live in the soil and feed on insoluble organic substances. The myxobacteria have very large genomes relative to other bacteria, e.g. 9–10 million nucleotides except for '' Anaeromyxobacter'' and ''Vulgatibacter''. One species of myxobacteria, ''Minicystis rosea'', has the largest known bacterial genome with over 16 million nucleotides. The second largest is another myxobacteria '' Sorangium cellulosum''. Myxobacteria can move by gliding. They typically travel in '' swarms'' (also known as ''wolf packs''), containing many cells kept together by intercellular molecular signals. Individuals benefit from aggregation as it allows accumulation of the extracellular enzymes that are used to digest food; this in turn increases feeding efficiency. Myxobacteria produce a number of biomedically and industrially useful chemicals, such as antibiotics, and export those chemicals outside the cell. Myxobacteria a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photic Zone
The photic zone (or euphotic zone, epipelagic zone, or sunlight zone) is the uppermost layer of a body of water that receives sunlight, allowing phytoplankton to perform photosynthesis. It undergoes a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes that supply nutrients into the upper water column. The photic zone is home to the majority of Aquatic ecosystem, aquatic life due to the activity (Marine primary production, primary production) of the phytoplankton. The thicknesses of the photic and euphotic zones vary with the intensity of sunlight as a function of season and latitude and with the degree of water turbidity. The bottommost, or aphotic, zone is the region of perpetual darkness that lies beneath the photic zone and includes most of the ocean waters. Photosynthesis in photic zone In the photic zone, the photosynthesis rate exceeds the respiration rate. This is due to the abundant solar energy which is used as an energy source for photosynthesis by primary produce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brine
Brine (or briny water) is a high-concentration solution of salt (typically sodium chloride or calcium chloride) in water. In diverse contexts, ''brine'' may refer to the salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, on the lower end of that of solutions used for brining foods) up to about 26% (a typical saturated solution, depending on temperature). Brine forms naturally due to evaporation of ground saline water but it is also generated in the mining of sodium chloride. Brine is used for food processing and cooking (pickling and brining), for de-icing of roads and other structures, and in a number of technological processes. It is also a by-product of many industrial processes, such as desalination, so it requires wastewater treatment for proper disposal or further utilization (fresh water recovery). In nature Brines are produced in multiple ways in nature. Modification of seawater via evaporation results in the concentration of salts in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
