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Eurobox
A Euro container, also called Eurobox, Euro crate or KLT box (from , "small load carrier"), is an industrial stacking container conforming to the VDA 4500 standard. The standard was originally defined by the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) for the automotive industry, but was subsequently adopted across many other areas of manufacturing and the shipping industry. The most common sizes (length × width) are and , which can be stacked together to fill a Euro-pallet measuring . Dimensions Eurocontainers are based around two standard heights of and , including a overlap in the vertical direction—the height of the feet, or base, stacked into the lip of the box below: These containers are manufactured typically in grey polypropylene or another thermoplast by injection molding. Containers with full floor and walls are watertight. Many designs have at least two or more often four rectangular (about 12 x 4 cm) rounded grip-holes near the middle of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EUR-pallet
The EUR-pallet, also known as Euro-pallet or EPAL-pallet, is the standard Pallet#Europe, European pallet as specified by the UIC pallet working group and the UIC 435-2 leaflet. Pallets conforming to the standardization are eligible for the European Pallet Pool (EPP), the system which allows for an exchange as "pallet for pallet". The EUR/EPAL-pallet is ; it is a four-way pallet made of wood that is nailed with 78 special nails in a prescribed pattern. The weight of a EUR/EPAL-pallet (EPAL 1) is approximately 25 kg. Around 450-500 million EUR-pallets are in circulation. The safe working load of a EUR/EPAL-pallet is 1,500 kg. The maximum additional load can be up to 4,000 kg when stacking. The EUR/EPAL-pallet may weigh up to when equally loaded, otherwise, the limit is . History The Euro-pallet dates back to the wooden pallets used in railway transport. In 1961 the European railways commissioned the standardization of a common pallet type under the auspices of the Internati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manual Handling Of Loads
Manual handling of loads (MHL) or manual material handling (MMH) involves the use of the human body to lift, lower, carry or transfer Mechanical load, loads. The average person is exposed to manual lifting of loads in the work place, in recreational atmospheres, and even in the home. To properly protect one from injuring themselves, it can help to understand general body mechanics. Hazards and injuries Manual handling of materials can be found in any workplace from offices to heavy industrial and manufacturing facilities. Often times, manual material handling entails tasks such as lifting, climbing, pushing, pulling, and pivoting, all of which pose the risk of Back injury, injury to the back and other skeletal systems which can often lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Musculoskeletal disorders can be defined as often involving Strain (injury), strains and sprains to the lower back, shoulders, and upper limbs. According to a United States Department of Labor, U.S. Depar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shipping Containers
A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to the ubiquitous corrugated boxes. In the context of international shipping trade, "container" or "shipping container" is virtually synonymous with " intermodal freight container" (sometimes informally called a "sea can"), a container designed to be moved from one mode of transport to another without unloading and reloading. Intermodal freight containers Freight containers are a reusable transport and storage unit for moving products and raw materials between locations or countries. There are about seventeen million intermodal containers in the world, and a large proportion of the world's long-distance freight generated by international trade is transported in shipping containers. In addition, it is estimated that several million of these containers have now been discarded due to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
32 Mm Cabinetmaking System
The 32 mm cabinetmaking system is a furniture construction and manufacturing principle used in the production of ready-to-assemble and European-style, frameless construction custom cabinets and other furniture. The system is in wide use globally, partly owing to IKEA using some of its elements (principally the 32 mm shelf support holes) in its furniture. Characteristics are the columns of 5 mm holes on 32 mm centers. In addition to the 32 mm standard, there are other but less frequently used systems (System 25, ip20 etc.).Wolfgang Nutsch: ''Handbuch der Konstruktion: Möbel und Einbauschränke''. DVA, Stuttgart München, 2. Auflage 2003, , Seite 50 The system allows reconfigurable shelf placement and spacing. The system was developed by fitting, machine and furniture manufacturers, and serves to standardize both component dimensions and production processes. The design features are: * Distance of the holes in the row of holes: 32 mm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reverse Logistics
Reverse logistics encompasses all operations related to the upstream movement of products and materials. It is "''the process of moving goods from their typical final destination for the purpose of capturing value, or proper disposal. Remanufacturing and refurbishing activities also may be included in the definition of reverse logistics''". Environmental concerns and the development of green supply chain management practices have increased the relevance of reverse logistics. Academic and professional interest in reverse logistics has grown considerably in recent decades. The first use of the term "reverse logistics" in a publication was by James R. Stock in a white paper titled ''Reverse Logistics'', published by the Council of Logistics Management in 1992. The concept was further refined in subsequent publications by Stock (1998) in another Council of Logistics Management book, titled ''Development and Implementation of Reverse Logistics Programs'', and by Rogers and Tibben-Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reusable Packaging
Reusable packaging is manufactured of durable materials and is specifically designed for multiple trips and extended life. A ''reusable package'' or container is "designed for reuse without impairment of its protective function." The term returnable is sometimes used interchangeably but it can also include returning packages or components for other than reuse: recycling, disposal, incineration, etc. Typically, the materials used to make returnable packaging include steel, wood, polypropylene sheets or other plastic materials. Reusability of packaging is an important consideration of the environmental credo of "reduce, reuse, and recycle". It is also important to the movement toward more sustainable packaging. Returnable packaging is encouraged by regulators. Shipping containers For many years, several types of shipping containers have been returnable and reusable. These have made most sense when a reverse logistics system is available or can be readily developed. A return, recondi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preferred Metric Sizes
Preferred metric sizes are a set of international standards and de facto standards that are designed to make using the metric system easier and simpler, especially in engineering and construction practices. One of the methods used to arrive at these preferred sizes is the use of Preferred number, preferred numbers and Convenient number, convenient numbers, such as the Renard series and 1-2-5 series, to limit the number of different sizes of components needed. One of the largest benefits of such limits is an ensuing multiplicative or exponential reduction in the number of parts, tools and other items needed to support the installation and maintenance of the items built using these techniques. This occurs because eliminating one diameter fastener will typically allow the elimination of a large number of variations on that diameter (multiple thread pitches, multiple lengths, multiple tip types, multiple head types, multiple drive types, and the tools needed for installing each, inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milk Crate
Milk crates are square or rectangular interlocking boxes that are used to transport milk and other products from dairies to retail establishments. In English-speaking parts of Europe the term " bottle crate" is more common but in the United States the term "milk crate" is applied even when the transported beverage is not milk. History The dimensions of the milk crate may have been influenced by the dimensions of the tea chest. For all practical purposes, both hold similar internal volumes, but tea chests are designed for shipping over the open ocean. The bottle crate emerged after the tea chest was a de facto shipping method. The plastic milk crate is an Australian invention, produced through a period of trial and error in design by the Dairy Farmers Cooperative Milk Company in the 1950s and 60s. Design Middle 20th century bottle crates were made of wood, later ones were stainless steel, and those made in the latter part of the century were of heavy-duty polyethylene. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastronorm
Gastronorm (GN), sometimes spelled Gastro-Norm, is a European standard for kitchenware tray and container sizes that is commonly seen worldwide in the catering and professional food industry, as well as in certain parts of the high-end consumer market. Gastronorm is generally used worldwide except in most of the United States and Canada, which have their own domestic systems. The Gastronorm standard was first introduced in Switzerland in 1964 and became an official European standard in 1993 with the EN 631 standard. The basic format is called "GN 1/1" and measures 530×325 mm, with other Gastronorm sizes being multiples and submultiples of this basic module size. Gastronorm containers allow for flexible, place efficient, and compatible storage, transport, processing, and serving and can be adapted for shelving, transport on trolleys and conveyor belts, secure temporary placement in compatible sinks, working tables, refrigerators, freezers, ovens, hot water baths, and compat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Systainer
Systainers (from sys-tem con-tainers) are modular inter-stacking plastic containers used for transporting power tools. Boxes from different manufacturers are compatible and can be stacked and clipped together. A design using four joining clips was introduced by Festool Tooltechnic in 1993. In 2010 the T-Loc variant was introduced using a rotating handle for connecting and locking of containers, in combination with redesigned feet. To reduce plastic pollution, Festool designed the Systainer to first allow distribution of products, then be reused in stacking form as reusable packaging for tool transportation and storage. Several power tool manufacturers use or offer Systainer-compatible variants. Other manufacturers use the alternative Sortimo L-BOXX design. The term "Systainer" was trademarked in the United States in January 1994. Dimensions Variations In 2009, the design of Tanos' T-Loc stacking boxes was registered in the name of Timo Kuhls. In 2011, the design of Maki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banana Box
A banana box is a type of corrugated box for transportation of bananas. It often consists of a separate lower part and a telescoping lid. Carrying Package handle, handles and vent holes allow banana respiration and permit access to processing gasses such as ethylene oxide for ripening. The hole in the bottom is usually covered with a thin sheet of paperboard or corrugated board so that the bananas do not fall out, and a layer of plastic is usually placed between the bananas and the box. History Until the 1950s, bananas were often shipped hanging from hooks in the cargo rooms of reefer ships, which could lead to the bananas being in a poor condition when they arrived at their destination. Since the fruit is sensitive to pressure, 1961 saw the introduction of boxes packed at the plantations and loaded on refrigerated ships. From the mid-1960s, refrigerated containers were increasingly used to transport banana boxes. Bananenoogst.ogv, Dutch video showing banana harvesting in S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardboard Box
Cardboard boxes are industrially prefabricated boxes, primarily used for packaging goods and materials. Specialists in industry seldom use the term cardboard because it does not denote a specific material. The term ''cardboard'' may refer to a variety of heavy paper-like materials, including card stock, corrugated fiberboard, and paperboard. Cardboard boxes can be readily recycled. Terminology Several types of containers are sometimes called ''cardboard boxes'': File:Cream of Wheat.jpg, Paperboard carton or box File:Archive boxes.JPG, Corrugated box File:Yoohoo-boxes.jpg, Drink box File:ErlebnisSennerei Zillertal Bergmilch.jpg, Gable-top carton made of liquid packaging board File:White-Box-of-Chocolates.jpg, Set-up box made of rigid paperboard In business and industry, material producers, container manufacturers, packaging engineers, and standards organizations, try to use more specific terminology. There is still not complete and uniform usage. Often the term "cardbo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
