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Elizabethkingia
''Elizabethkingia'' is a genus of bacterium described in 2005, named after Elizabeth O. King, the discoverer of the type species. Before this genus being formed in 2005, many of the species of ''Elizabethkingia'' were classified in the '' Chryseobacterium'' genus. ''Elizabethkingia'' has been found in soil, rivers, and reservoirs worldwide. Classification The genus includes four species: * ''Elizabethkingia anophelis'', isolated from '' Anopheles'' mosquitoes, can cause respiratory tract illness in humans,Wisconsin Department of Health Services:Wisconsin 2016 ''Elizabethkingia anophelis'' outbreak, March 11, 2016 and involved in an 2016 outbreak centered in Wisconsin. * '' Elizabethkingia endophytica'', isolated from blemished stems of sweet corn, ''Zea mays'' * '' Elizabethkingia meningoseptica'', can cause outbreaks of neonatal meningitis in premature newborns and infants * '' Elizabethkingia miricola'', isolated from condensation water in Space Station Mir Epidemiol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabethkingia Anophelis
''Elizabethkingia anophelis'' is a bacterium isolated from the midgut of ''Anopheles gambiae'' G3 mosquitoes reared in captivity. The genus ''Elizabethkingia'', named for former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) microbiologist Elizabeth O. King, also includes ''Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, E. meningoseptica'' which causes neonatal sepsis and infections in immunocompromised persons, ''Elizabethkingia endophytica, E. endophytica'', and ''Elizabethkingia miricola, E. miricola''. The possibility of a role for mosquitoes in the maintenance and transmission of ''E. anophelis'' remains unclear. Medical importance A 2014 study showed that some ''Elizabethkingia'' infections that had been attributed to ''Elizabethkingia meningoseptica'' were instead caused by ''Elizabethkingia anophelis''. ''E. anophelis'' has been reported to cause neonatal meningitis in the Central African Republic, and a nosocomial outbreak has been repo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabethkingia Meningoseptica
''Elizabethkingia meningoseptica'' is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature (e.g. fresh water, salt water, or soil). It may be normally present in fish and frogs; it may be isolated from chronic infectious states, as in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. In 1959, American bacteriologist Elizabeth O. King (who isolated ''Kingella kingae'' in 1960) was studying unclassified bacteria associated with pediatric meningitis at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, when she isolated an organism (CDC group IIa) that she named ''Flavobacterium meningosepticum'' (''Flavobacterium'' means "the yellow bacillus" in Latin; ''meningosepticum'' likewise means "associated with meningitis and sepsis"). In 1994, it was reclassified in the genus ''Chryseobacterium'' and renamed ''Chryseobacterium meningosepticum''(''chryseos'' = "golden" in Greek, so ''Chryseobacterium'' means a golden/yellow rod similar to ''Flavobacterium''). In 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabethkingia Miricola
''Elizabethkingia miricola'' is a species of bacterium isolated from condensation water in Space Station Mir,Ying Li, Yoshiaki Kawamura, Nagatoshi Fujiwara, Takashi Naka, Hongsheng Liu, Xinxiang Huang, Kazuo Kobayashi & Takayuki Ezaki. 2003. ''Chryseobacterium miricola'' sp. nov., a novel species isolated from condensation water of space station Mir. ''Systematic and Applied Microbiology'', 26(4): 523–528; doi:10.1078/072320203770865828, . related to ''Elizabethkingia anophelis'', the cause of the 2016 outbreak of ''Elizabethkingia anophelis'' human infections in Wisconsin that began in early November 2015. The genus name ''Elizabethkingia'' honors former United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) microbiologist Elizabeth O. King, and the specific epithet is derived from combining the Russian name of the space station from which the bacterium was isolated, "Mir" meaning "peace," and the Latin "''incola''" meaning "inhabitant," yielding ''miricola'', "inhabitant of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 United States Elizabethkingia Outbreak
An outbreak of ''Elizabethkingia anophelis'' infections centered in Wisconsin Wisconsin Department of Health Services:Wisconsin 2016 ''Elizabethkingia anophelis'' outbreak, last revised: March 30, 2016. is thought to have led to the death of at least 20 people in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Illinois. History As of March 2016, it was reported to be the largest outbreak of ''Elizabethkingia anophelis''-caused disease investigated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Human infections by ''E. anophelis'' involve the bloodstream. Signs and symptoms can include fever, shortness of breath, chills, and cellulitis. Confirmation requires a laboratory test. Statewide surveillance of the situation in Wisconsin was organized on January 5, 2016.WISN 12 News:Cases of blood infection reported in Southeast Wisconsin , 44 cases of ''Elizabethkingia anophelis'' reported since Nov. 1, March 3, 2016. Cases had been reported from Columbia, Dane, Dodge, Fond du Lac, Jefferson, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabethkingia Endophytica
''Elizabethkingia endophytica'' is a slightly yellow Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacterial strain isolated from the stem of healthy 10-day-old sweet corn (''Zea mays''). A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed 99.1, 97.8, and 97.4% similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of ''Elizabethkingia anophelis'', ''Elizabethkingia meningoseptica'' and ''Elizabethkingia miricola ''Elizabethkingia miricola'' is a species of bacterium isolated from condensation water in Space Station Mir,Ying Li, Yoshiaki Kawamura, Nagatoshi Fujiwara, Takashi Naka, Hongsheng Liu, Xinxiang Huang, Kazuo Kobayashi & Takayuki Ezaki. 2003. ' ...'', respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that the strain is representative of a new species. References Flavobacteria Bacteria described in 2015 {{Flavobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chryseobacterium
''Chryseobacterium'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. ''Chryseobacterium'' species are chemoorganotrophic, rod shape gram-negative bacteria. ''Chryseobacterium'' form typical yellow-orange color colonies due to flexirubin-type pigment. The genus contains more than 100 described species from diverse habitats, including freshwater sources, soil, marine fish, and human hosts. History The genus ''Chryseobacterium'' was originally created in 1994 by Vandamme ''et al''. for six bacterial taxa that, at that time, were classified as members of the genus '' Flavobacterium'': ''F. balustinum'', ''F. indologenes'', ''F. gleum'', ''F. meningosepticum'', ''F. indoltheticum'', and ''F. scophthalmum''. In 2005 an additional genus, ''Elizabethkingia'', was created for two species within the genus ''Chryseobacterium''; namely, ''C. meningosepticum'' and ''C. miricola.'' In 2002 standards and guidelines for description of novel taxa in the family of ''Flavobacteriaceae'' were published by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavobacteriia
The class Flavobacteriia is composed of a single order of environmental bacteria. According to Bernardet ''et al''., Flavobacteriia are Gram-negative aerobic rods, 2–5 μm long, 0.3–0.5 μm wide, with rounded or tapered ends that are motile by gliding, yellow (cream to orange) colonies on agar, decompose several polysaccharides but not cellulose, G+C contents of 32–37%, and are widely distributed in soil and fresh and seawater habitats. In particular, Flavobacteriia are prominent members of marine biofilms. The type species ''Flavobacterium aquatile'' was isolated from a well in Kent, England. Flavobacteriia are a group of commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens. ''Flavobacterium psychrophilum'' causes the septicemic diseases rainbow trout fry syndrome and bacterial cold water disease Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a bacterial disease of freshwater fish, specifically salmonid fish. It is caused by the bacterium '' Flavobacterium psych ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weeksellaceae
''Weeksellaceae'' is a family in the order of Flavobacteriales. Genera The family ''Weeksellaceae'' comprises the following genera: * '' Algoriella'' Yang ''et al''. 2016 * '' Apibacter'' Kwong and Moran 2016 * '' Bergeyella'' Vandamme ''et al''. 1994 * ''Chishuiella'' Zhang ''et al''. 2014 * '' Chryseobacterium'' Vandamme ''et al''. 1994 * '' Cloacibacterium'' Allen ''et al''. 2006 * '' Cruoricaptor'' Yassin ''et al''. 2013 * ''Elizabethkingia'' Kim ''et al''. 2005 * '' Empedobacter'' (''ex'' Prévot 1961) Vandamme ''et al''. 1994 * '' Frigoriflavimonas'' Menes et al. 2022 * '' Moheibacter'' Zhang ''et al''. 2014 * '' Ornithobacterium'' Vandamme ''et al''. 1994 * '' Riemerella'' Segers ''et al''. 1993 * '' Spongiimonas'' Yoon ''et al''. 2014 * '' Wautersiella'' Kämpfer ''et al''. 2006 * '' Weeksella'' Holmes ''et al''. 1987 Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spasticity
Spasticity () is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, or "pull" of muscles. Clinically, spasticity results from the loss of inhibition of motor neurons, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction. This ultimately leads to hyperreflexia, an exaggerated deep tendon reflex. Spasticity is often treated with the drug baclofen, which acts as an agonist at GABA receptors, which are inhibitory. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, which is a group of permanent movement problems that do not get worse over time. GABA's inhibitory actions contribute to baclofen's efficacy as an anti-spasticity agent. Cause Spasticity mostly occurs in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting the upper motor neurons in the form of a lesion, such as spastic diplegia, or upper mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria Described In 2005
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-epileptic Seizure
Non-epileptic seizures (NES), also known as non-epileptic events, are paroxysmal events that appear similar to an epileptic seizure but do not involve abnormal, rhythmic discharges of neurons in the brain. Symptoms may include shaking, loss of consciousness, and loss of bladder control. They may or may not be caused by either physiological or psychological conditions. Physiological causes include fainting, sleep disorders, and heart arrhythmias. Psychological causes are known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Diagnosis may be based on the history of the event and physical examination with support from heart testing and an EEG. Terminology The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) define an epileptic seizure as "a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain." (Free full text online). Convulsive or non-convulsive seizures can occur in someone who does not have epilepsy – as a consequenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognitive Deficit
Cognitive deficit is an inclusive term to describe any characteristic that acts as a barrier to the cognition process. The term may describe * deficits in overall intelligence Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ... (as with intellectual disabilities), * specific and restricted deficits in cognitive abilities (such as in learning disorders like dyslexia), * neuropsychological deficits (such as in attention, working memory or executive function), * or it may describe drug-induced impairment in cognition and memory (such as that seen with alcohol, glucocorticoids, and the benzodiazepines.) Cause It usually refers to a durable characteristic, as opposed to altered level of consciousness, which may be acute and reversible. Cognitive deficits may be inborn or cau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
