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Differentiation may refer to: Business * Differentiation (economics), the process of making a product different from other similar products * Product differentiation, in marketing * Differentiated service, a service that varies with the identity of the consumer or the context in which the service is used Science, technology, and mathematics Biology and medicine * Cellular differentiation, in biology * ''Differentiation'' (journal), a peer-reviewed academic journal covering cell differentiation and cell development * Developmental biology, the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop * Differentiation therapy, a cancer treatment in which malignant cells are encouraged to differentiate into more mature forms using pharmacological agents Geology * Igneous differentiation, in geology * Planetary differentiation, in planetary science and geology Social sciences * Differentiation (economics), the process of making a product different from other similar prod ...
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Differentiation (economics)
In economics and marketing, product differentiation (or simply differentiation) is the process of distinguishing a product (business), product or Service (economics), service from others to make it more Demand (economics), attractive to a particular target market. This involves differentiating it from Competition, competitors' products as well as from a Firm (economics), firm's other products. The concept was proposed by Edward Chamberlin in his 1933 book, ''The Theory of Monopolistic Competition''. Rationale Firms have different Capital asset, resource endowments that enable them to construct specific Competitive advantage, competitive advantages over competitors. Resource endowments allow firms to be different, which reduces competition and makes it possible to reach new Market segmentation, segments of the market. Thus, differentiation is the process of distinguishing the differences of a product or offering from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market ...
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Differentiation (linguistics)
Differentiation in semantics is defined by Löbner (2002) as a meaning shift reached by "adding concepts to the original concepts". His example is ''James Joyce is hard to understand'', where ''understand'' is differentiated from "perceiving the meaning" to "interpret the text meaning". A related meaning shift is metonymy, where one builds a new concept out of an element of the original concept. In the example mentioned, ''James Joyce'' most likely refers to "the work of James Joyce" and not to the author – a metonymical shift. If the name were to refer to the man, ''understand'' would be differently differentiated, perhaps one would read it as "interpret the speech articulation" or "comprehend the actions" of the person James Joyce. Meaning shifts are very common among language users, and allow for great flexibility of word usage. It is not to be confused with lexical ambiguity though, words as uttered in a context may have perfectly precise meanings even though in varying con ...
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Different (other)
Different may refer to: Music * "Different", a song by Cass Elliot from the soundtrack of the 1970 film '' Pufnstuf'' * '' Different'', a 1989 album by Thomas Anders * '' Different'', a 2002 album by Kate Ryan * "Different", a song by Egypt Central from their eponymous 2005 album * "Different", a song by Acceptance from the 2005 album '' Phantoms'' * "Different", a 2006 song by Jamie Shaw * "Different", a song by Dreamscape from the 2007 album '' 5th Season'' * "Different", a song by Pendulum from the 2008 album ''In Silico'' * "Different", a song by Ximena Sariñana from the 2011 album Ximena Sariñana * " Different", a 2012 song by Robbie Williams * "Different", a song by No Malice from the 2013 album '' Hear Ye Him'' * "Different", a song by Winner from the 2014 album ''2014 S/S'' * "Different", a 2017 song by Micah Tyler * "Different", a song by Future and Juice Wrld from the 2018 mixtape '' Wrld on Drugs'' * "Different", a song by Burna Boy from the 2019 album '' African ...
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Difference (other)
Difference commonly refers to: * Difference (philosophy), the set of properties by which items are distinguished * Difference (mathematics), the result of a subtraction Difference, The Difference, Differences or Differently may also refer to: Music * ''Difference'' (album), by Dreamtale, 2005 * ''The Difference'' (album), Pendleton, 2008 * "The Difference" (The Wallflowers song), 1997 * "Differences" (song), by Ginuwine, 2001 * ''Differently'' (album), by Cassie Davis, 2009 ** "Differently" (song), by Cassie Davis, 2009 * "Difference", a song by Benjamin Clementine from the 2022 album ''And I Have Been'' * "The Difference", a song by Matchbox Twenty from the 2002 album '' More Than You Think You Are'' * "The Difference", a song by Westlife from the 2009 album ''Where We Are'' * "The Difference", a song by Nick Jonas from the 2016 album '' Last Year Was Complicated'' * "The Difference", a song by Meek Mill featuring Quavo, from the 2016 mixtape '' DC4'' * "The Difference", a ...
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Differentiated Security
Differentiated security is a form of computer security Computer security (also cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology (IT) security) is a subdiscipline within the field of information security. It consists of the protection of computer software, systems and computer network, n ... that deploys a range of different security policies and mechanisms according to the identity and context of a user or transaction. This makes it much more difficult to scale or replicate attacks, since each cluster/individual has a different security profile and there should be no common weaknesses. One way of achieving this is by subdividing the population into small differentiated clusters. At the extreme, each individual belongs to a different class. See also * Differentiated service (design pattern) External linksDifferentiated security in wireless networksAndreas Johnsson, 2002. Computer security procedures ...
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Differentiation (mathematics)
In mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental tool that quantifies the sensitivity to change of a function's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best linear approximation of the function near that input value. For this reason, the derivative is often described as the instantaneous rate of change, the ratio of the instantaneous change in the dependent variable to that of the independent variable. The process of finding a derivative is called differentiation. There are multiple different notations for differentiation. '' Leibniz notation'', named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, is represented as the ratio of two differentials, whereas ''prime notation'' is written by adding a prime mark. Higher order notations represent repeated differentiation, and they are usually denoted in Leibn ...
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Inductive Reasoning Aptitude
Inductive reasoning aptitude (also called differentiation or inductive learning ability) measures how well a person can identify a pattern within a large amount of data. It involves applying the rules of logic when inferring general principles from a constellation of particulars. Measurement is generally done in a timed test by showing four pictures or words and asking the test taker to identify which of the pictures or words does not belong in the set. The test taker is shown a large number of sets of various degrees of difficulty. The measurement is made by timing how many of these a person can properly identify in a set period of time. The test resembles the game 'Which of These Is Not Like the Others'. Inductive reasoning is very useful for scientists, auto mechanics, system integrators, lawyers, network engineers, medical doctors, system administrators and members of all fields where substantial diagnostic or data interpretation work is needed. Inductive reasoning aptitude ...
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Differentiated Instruction
Differentiated instruction and assessment, also known as differentiated learning or, in education, simply, differentiation, is a framework or philosophy for effective teaching that involves providing all students within their diverse classroom community of learners a range of different avenues for understanding new information (often in the same classroom) in terms of: acquiring content; processing, constructing, or making sense of ideas; and developing teaching materials and assessment measures so that all students within a classroom can learn effectively, regardless of differences in their ability. Differentiated instruction means using different tools, content, and due process in order to successfully reach all individuals. Differentiated instruction, according to Carol Ann Tomlinson, is the process of "ensuring that what a student learns, how he or she learns it, and how the student demonstrates what he or she has learned is a match for that student's readiness level, interests, ...
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Differentiation (sociology)
In system theory, differentiation is the tendency of subsystems in a modern society to increase the complexity of that society. Each subsystem can make different connections with other subsystems, and this leads to more variation within the system in order to respond to variation in the environment. Differentiation that leads to more variation allows for better responses to the environment, and also for faster evolution (or perhaps sociocultural evolution), which is defined sociologically as a process of selection from variation; the more differentiation (and thus variation) that is available, the better the selection. Introduction Talcott Parsons was the first major theorist to develop a theory of society consisting of functionally defined sub-systems, which emerges from an evolutionary point of view through a cybernetic process of differentiation. Niklas Luhmann, who studied under Talcott Parsons, took the latter's model and changed it significantly. Parsons regarded s ...
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Differentiation (ethnography)
''Cannibal Culture: Art, Appropriation and the Commodification of Difference'' () is a book by Deborah Root, published in 1995 by Westview Press. The book studies the assimilation of various cultures by other, dominant culture A dominant culture is a cultural practice that is dominant within a particular political, social or economic entity, in which multiple cultures co-exist. It may refer to a language, religion or ritual practices, social value and/or social ...s, and the false assumptions this produces in perceptions of the less dominant culture or ethnicity. Reviews * * Cultural assimilation Sociology books {{cultural-assimilation-stub ...
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Product Differentiation
In economics and marketing, product differentiation (or simply differentiation) is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others to make it more attractive to a particular target market. This involves differentiating it from competitors' products as well as from a firm's other products. The concept was proposed by Edward Chamberlin in his 1933 book, '' The Theory of Monopolistic Competition''. Rationale Firms have different resource endowments that enable them to construct specific competitive advantages over competitors. Resource endowments allow firms to be different, which reduces competition and makes it possible to reach new segments of the market. Thus, differentiation is the process of distinguishing the differences of a product or offering from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market. Although research in a niche market may result in changing a product in order to improve differentiation, the changes themselves are not ...
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Planetary Differentiation
In planetary science, planetary differentiation is the process by which the chemical elements of a planetary body accumulate in different areas of that body, due to their physical or chemical behavior (e.g. density and chemical affinities). The process of planetary differentiation is mediated by partial melting with heat from radioactive isotope decay and planetary accretion. Planetary differentiation has occurred on planets, dwarf planets, the asteroid 4 Vesta, and natural satellites (such as the Moon). Physical differentiation Gravitational separation High- density materials tend to sink through lighter materials. This tendency is affected by the relative structural strengths, but such strength is reduced at temperatures where both materials are plastic or molten. Iron, the most common element that is likely to form a very dense molten metal phase, tends to congregate towards planetary interiors. With it, many siderophile elements (i.e. materials that readily alloy with iron ...
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