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Darius I
Darius I ( ; – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE. He ruled the empire at its territorial peak, when it included much of West Asia, parts of the Balkans (Skudra, Thrace–Achaemenid Macedonia, Macedonia and Paeonia (kingdom), Paeonia) and the Caucasus, most of the Black Sea's coastal regions, Central Asia, the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley, Indus Valley in the far east, and portions of North Africa and Northeast Africa including History of Persian Egypt, Egypt (), eastern ancient Libya, Libya, and coastal The Sudans, Sudan. Darius ascended the throne by overthrowing the Achaemenid monarch Bardiya (or ''Smerdis''), who he claimed was in fact an imposter named Gaumata. The new king met with rebellions throughout the empire but quelled each of them; a major event in Darius's life was his expedition to subjugate Ancient Greece, Greece and punish Classical At ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Kings
King of Kings, ''Mepet mepe''; , group="n" was a ruling title employed primarily by monarchs based in the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. Commonly associated with History of Iran, Iran (historically known as name of Iran, Persia in Western world, the West), especially the Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid and Sasanian Empires, the title was originally introduced during the Middle Assyrian Empire by King Tukulti-Ninurta I (reigned 1233–1197 BC) and was subsequently used in a number of different kingdoms and empires, including the aforementioned Persia, various History of Greece, Hellenic kingdoms, History of India, India, History of Armenia, Armenia, History of Georgia (country), Georgia, and History of Ethiopia, Ethiopia. The title is commonly seen as equivalent to that of Emperor, both titles outranking that of king in prestige, stemming from the Late antiquity, late antique Roman emperor, Roman and List of Byzantine emperors, Eastern Roman emperors who saw the ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaedymia
Phaedymia (or ''Phaedyme'', ''Phædima''; ) was the daughter of Otanes, a nobleman of the Achaemenid Persian court in the early 6th century BCE. She was married, successively, to Cambyses II, then Bardiya (or Galatia), and then Darius I. Herodotus tells us in his '' Histories'' that the Persian king Cambyses II married Phaedymia. Otanes may have been the brother of Cassandane, who was Cambyses' mother. If this is correct, Phaedymia was not only Cambyses's wife but also his cousin. Cambyses died in the spring of 522 BCE and was succeeded by Bardiya, son of Cyrus. But according to the conventional history as related by ancient writers, the "Bardiya" now on the throne was an impostor; in reality he was a magus named Gaumata. Herodotus wrote that Otanes was the first to suspect that the new king was an impostor. Next came Phaedymia who, with all the other wives of Cambyses, was now wife of the false Bardiya. Phaedymia told her father of the ruse. Upon hearing this, Otanes organize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achaemenid Dynasty
The Achaemenid dynasty ( ; ; ; ) was a royal house that ruled the Achaemenid Empire, which eventually stretched from Egypt and Thrace in the west to Central Asia and the Indus Valley in the east. Origins The history of the Achaemenid dynasty is mainly known through Greek historians, such as Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon. Additional sources include the Hebrew Bible, other Jewish religious texts, and native Iranian sources. According to Herodotus, the Achaemenids were a clan of the Pasargadae tribe:These were the leading tribes, on which all the other Persians were dependent, namely the Pasargadae, Maraphians, and Maspioi. Of these, the Pasargadae are the most noble and include the family of Achaemenids, the Kings of Persia, who are descendants of Perseus.Darius the Great, in an effort to establish his legitimacy, later traced his genealogy to Achaemenes, Persian "". His son was given as Teispes, and from him came in turn Ariaramnes, Arsames, and Hystaspes. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artazostre
Artazostre or Artozostre (Old Persian *''Artazauštrī'') was a Persian princess, daughter of king Darius the Great (522-485 BC) by Artystone, daughter of Cyrus the Great. According to the Greek historian Herodotus (VI, 43) Artazostre was given in marriage to Mardonius, young son of the noble Gobryas, not much before he took the command of the Persian army in Thrace and Macedon (c. 493/492 BC). Artazostre seems not to be mentioned by name in the Persepolis Fortification Tablets (administrative documents found at Persepolis), but there are references (in tablets dated on the year 498 BC) to a "wife of Mardonius, daughter of the king", who received rations for a trip she made with Gobryas and a woman called ''Radušnamuya'' or ''Ardušnamuya'', perhaps Gobryas' wife. However, another interpretation of the text suggests that ''Ardušnamuya'' was actually the anonymous "wife of Mardonius".See Lendering. Mardonius had a son, probably by Artazostre, named Artontes. Notes Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyperanthes
Hyperanthes () was a son of Darius the Great of Persia by Phratagune, and brother to Xerxes I. He was present in the second invasion of Greece in 480 BC. According to Herodotus, he fought and died alongside his other brother Abrocomes in the battle of Thermopylae in the final phase known as the "Battle of Champions" (translation of Tom Holland), where the Sparta Sparta was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement in the Evrotas Valley, valley of Evrotas (river), Evrotas rive ...ns in their last stand fought feverishly against him and the Persian force over the retrieval of Leonidas' dead body. References Battle of Thermopylae 480 BC deaths Family of Darius the Great Persian people of the Greco-Persian Wars Military leaders of the Achaemenid Empire Year of birth unknown 5th-century BC Iranian people Achaemenid princes {{Achaemenid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrocomes
Abrocomes () was a son of king Darius I of Persia and his wife Phratagune, who died with his full brother Hyperanthes in the battle of Thermopylae, while fighting over the body of Leonidas. References Further reading The history of Herodotus, Volume 2at Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks." It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital li ... Battle of Thermopylae Year of birth unknown 480 BC deaths Achaemenid princes Persian people of the Greco-Persian Wars Military leaders of the Achaemenid Empire 5th-century BC Iranian people {{Greece-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ariomardus
Ariomardus was the name of a number of people from classical antiquity: * A son of the Persian King Darius I and his wife Parmys.Lendering, J:Parmys, in http://www.livius.org He attended Xerxes I into Greece, being in command of the Moschi and Tibareni. * The brother of Artuphius, who commanded the Caspii in the army of Xerxes I. * The ruler of Thebes in Egypt, and one of the commanders of the Egyptians in the army of Xerxes.Aeschylus, ''The Persians'' 38, 313. References Further reading The history of Herodotus, Volume 2at Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks." It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital li ... Persian people of the Greco-Persian Wars 5th-century BC Iranian people {{AncientNearEast-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gobryas (son Of Darius I)
Gobryas (; lived in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE) was the son of Darius I of Persia and his wife, Artystone.{{Cite web , title=Artystone - Livius , url=https://www.livius.org/articles/person/artystone/ , access-date=2024-10-31 , website=www.livius.org As a son of Darius I, Gobryas was a half brother of Xerxes I, who would succeed Darius as the Achaemenid King. Gobryas would later lead the Lygians, Mariandynis, and Syrians that were part of Xerxes's army during his invasion of Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th .... References Achaemenid princes 6th-century BC births 5th-century BC deaths People of the Greco-Persian Wars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsames (son Of Darius)
Arsames () or Arsanes was a prince of ancient Persia, the son of Darius the Great and Artystone. Through his parents, he was the great-grandson of the 6th century BCE Persian ruler Arsames on his father's side, and he was also the grandson of Cyrus the Great on his mother's. He was a commander in the army of his half-brother Xerxes I, leading contingents of Arabian and Ethiopian soldiers during the Second Persian invasion of Greece. In his play ''The Persians'', the dramatist Aeschylus speaks of an "Arsames", who was the leader of the Egyptians from Memphis in the army of Xerxes.Aeschylus, ''The Persians ''The Persians'' (, ''Persai'', Latinised as ''Persae'') is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus. It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilog ...'' 37, 300 References {{DEFAULTSORT:Arsames Family of Darius the Great Persian people of the Greco-Persian Wars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achaemenes (satrap)
Achaemenes ( ;M. A. Dandamayev, “Achaemenes,” Encyclopædia Iranica, I/4, p. 414; an updated version is available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/achaemenes-greek , also incorrectly called Achaemenides by Ctesias) was an Achaemenid general and satrap of ancient Egypt during the early 5th century BC, at the time of the 27th Dynasty of Egypt. Career A son of king Darius I by his queen Atossa and thus a full brother of Xerxes I, Achaemenes was appointed satrap of Egypt some time between 486 and 484 BC, shortly after Xerxes' accession. At the time, Egypt was revolting against Achaemenid rule, and it appears likely that the previous satrap Pherendates lost his life in the turmoil. The rebellion, possibly led by a self-proclaimed pharaoh named Psammetichus IV, was eventually quelled by Achaemenes around 484 BC. After the victory, Achaemenes adopted a more repressive policy in order to discourage new rebellions, although the effect was actually the opposite. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Masistes
Masistes (Old Persian 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫, ''Maθišta''; Greek Μασίστης, ''Masístēs''; Old Iranian *''Masišta''; died 478 BC) was a Persian prince of the Achaemenid Dynasty, son of king Darius I (reign: 520-486 BC) and of his wife Atossa, and full brother of king Xerxes I (reign: 486-465 BC). He was satrap (governor) of Bactria during his brother's reign, where he attempted to start a revolt in 478 BC. Chief marshal Masistes was one of the six chief marshals of the Greek campaigns of Xerxes (480-479 BC). Along with general Mardonius, he commanded the army column that crossed Thrace along the coast; however, he was almost completely absent during the course of the war, including the battles of Salamis and Plataea. He reappeared close to the end of the war, when he fought in the Battle of Mycale (479 BC). According to Herodotus, the battle was just about to take place at sea, but the Persians decided to come ashore in Ionia, Asia Minor, and fight on land. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsamenes
Arsamenes () was a prince of ancient Persia, the son of Darius the Great. We know very little about him today other than that he was, according to the historian Herodotus, the commander of the Utians (or "Utii") and Mycae people (or "Myci") in the army of Xerxes I Xerxes I ( – August 465 BC), commonly known as Xerxes the Great, was a List of monarchs of Persia, Persian ruler who served as the fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 486 BC until his assassination in 465 BC. He was ... during the Second Persian invasion of Greece. Herodotus does not mention who Arsamenes's mother was, so we do not know whether Xerxes was his brother or half-brother. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Arsamenes Family of Darius the Great Persian people of the Greco-Persian Wars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
