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Dano-Swedish War (1813–1814)
The Dano-Swedish War of 1813–1814 also referred to as Charles John's campaign against Denmark, or as the War for Norway () was the Coalition campaign against Denmark-Norway led by the Swedish crown prince Charles XIV John, Charles John, and it was the List of wars between Denmark and Sweden, last major conflict between Denmark and Sweden. The war was a part of Sweden's campaign against the First French Empire, French Empire, who after defeating the French at The Battle of the Nations turned its attention to Napoleon's last ally Denmark–Norway. Denmark was invaded through its German duchies, who later became occupied. In the Treaty of Kiel, peace treaty Denmark was forced to give Norway to Sweden, ending the 400-year personal union between them. Background The Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809 ended indecisively. The Swedish invasion of Norway failed, partly due to the harsh Norwegian weather, but also in part due to its Finnish War, war with Russia. In Treaty of Fredrikshamn, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Sixth Coalition
In the War of the Sixth Coalition () (December 1812 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation (), a coalition of Austrian Empire, Austria, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, Russian Empire, Russia, History of Spain (1808–1874), Spain, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, History of Portugal (1777–1834), Portugal, Sweden, Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Sardinia, and a number of Confederation of the Rhine, German States defeated First French Empire, France and drove Napoleon into exile on Elba. After the disastrous French invasion of Russia of 1812 in which they had been forced to support France, Prussia and Austria joined Russia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Portugal, and the Peninsula War, rebels in Spain who were already at war with France. The War of the Sixth Coalition saw battles at Battle of Lützen (1813), Lützen, Battle of Bautzen (1813), Bautzen, and Battle of Dresden, Dresden. The even larger Battle of Leipzi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Farquhar (Royal Navy Officer, Born 1772)
Sir Arthur Farquhar Royal Guelphic Order, KCH, Order of the Bath, CB, Order of the Sword, RSO (1772 – 2 October 1843) was an officer of the British Royal Navy. He served during the French Revolutionary Wars, French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. History Farquhar was second youngest son of Robert Farquhar of Newhall near Aberdeen. His younger brother William Farquhar, William was Founding years of modern Singapore, a founder of modern Singapore. He entered the navy in 1787 on board , and, after serving in several other ships, mostly on the home station, and having passed his examination, entered on board an East India Company's ship. He had scarcely, however, arrived in India when news of the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars led him to enter on board the sloop , whence he was removed to the flagship, and in April 1798 was promoted to be lieutenant. On his return to England as first lieutenant of , he was employed in various ships on the home, Mediterranean, Baltic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian VIII
Christian VIII (18 September 1786 – 20 January 1848) was King of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick, King of Norway in 1814. Christian Frederick was the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick, a younger son of King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway. As his cousin Frederick VI had no sons, Christian Frederick was heir presumptive to the throne from 1808. Early years Birth and family Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark and Norway was born late in the morning on 18 September 1786 at Christiansborg Palace, the principal residence of the Danish Monarchy on the island of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen. He was officially the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway and Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. His father was a younger son of the deceased King Frederick V of Denmark-Norway and his second wife, Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and his mother was a daughter of Duke Louis of Mecklenburg-Sch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick VI Of Denmark
Frederick VI ( Danish and ; 28 January 1768 – 3 December 1839) was King of Denmark from 13 March 1808 until his death in 1839 and King of Norway from 13 March 1808 to 7 February 1814. He was the last king of Denmark–Norway. From 1784 until his accession, he served as regent during his father's mental illness and was referred to as the "Crown Prince Regent" (). For his motto he chose ''God and the just cause'' (). Instead of the customary latin, he used Danish, which established a precedent for later Danish kings who used Danish as well. Born in Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen, Frederick VI was the eldest of two children and the only son of Christian VII and Caroline Mathilde. In 1790, Frederick VI married Marie Sophie. Together, they had eight children, though only two daughters, Princess Caroline and Princess Wilhelmine, survived to adulthood. Additionally, He was the last Danish king to have an official mistress, Frederikke Dannemand, with whom he had five children ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zealand
Zealand ( ) is the largest and most populous islands of Denmark, island in Denmark proper (thus excluding Greenland and Disko Island, which are larger in size) at 7,031 km2 (2715 sq. mi.). Zealand had a population of 2,319,705 on 1 January 2020, comprising 40% of the country's population. Zealand is the List of European islands by area, 13th-largest island in Europe by area and the List of European islands by population, 4th most populous. It is connected to Sprogø and Funen by the Great Belt Fixed Link and to Amager by several bridges in Copenhagen. Indirectly, through the island of Amager and the Øresund Bridge, it is also linked to Scania in Sweden. In the south, the Storstrøm Bridge and the Farø Bridges connect it to Falster, and beyond that island to Lolland, from where the Fehmarnbelt Tunnel to Germany is planned. Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, with a population between 1.3 and 1.4 million people in 2020, is located mostly on the eastern shore of Zeala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Tsarskoye Selo
The Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo ( Danish: ''Traktaten i Zarskoje Selo'', Russian: ''Царскосельский договор'') also called ''Mageskiftetraktakten'' in Danish, was a territorial and dynastic treaty between the Russian Empire and Denmark–Norway. Signed on 1 June 1773, it transferred control of ducal Schleswig-Holstein to the Danish crown in return for Russian control of the County of Oldenburg and adjacent lands within the Holy Roman Empire. The treaty reduced the fragmentation of Danish territory and led to an alliance between Denmark–Norway and Russia that lasted into the Napoleonic Wars. It also made possible the construction of the Eider Canal, parts of which were later incorporated into the Kiel Canal. Historical background Oldenburg and Delmenhorst In 1448 the Count of Oldenburg was elected King of Denmark and took the throne as Christian I. He assigned Oldenburg to his brother, Gerhard, in 1454, and Gerhard's descendants in the House of Oldenburg con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Fredrikshamn
The Treaty of Fredrikshamn, or the Treaty of Hamina, was a peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Imperial Russia on 17 September 1809. The treaty concluded the Finnish War and was signed in the Finnish town of Fredrikshamn ( Hamina). Russia was represented by Nikolay Rumyantsev and David Alopaeus (Russian ambassador to Stockholm), while Sweden by Infantry General Kurt von Stedingk (former Swedish ambassador to Saint Petersburg) and Colonel Anders Fredrik Skjöldebrand. In the treaty, Sweden ceded Finnish territories to Russia. Terms According to the treaty Sweden ceded parts of the provinces Lappland and Västerbotten (east of Tornio River and Muonio River), Åland, and all provinces east thereof. The ceded territories came to constitute the Grand Duchy of Finland, to which also the Russian 18th century conquests of parts of Karelia and Savonia (historical province), Savonia (later to be called '' Old Finland''), were joined in 1812 as Viborg County. Together with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish War
The Finnish War (; ; ) was fought between the Gustavian era, Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the Riksdag of the Estates, Swedish parliament's adoption of a Instrument of Government (1809), new constitution and the establishment of the House of Bernadotte, the new Swedish Act of Succession, Swedish royal house, in 1818. Background After the Russian Emperor Alexander I of Russia, Alexander I concluded the 1807 Treaty of Tilsit with Napoleon, Alexander, in his letter on 24 September 1807 to the Swedish King Gustav IV Adolf, informed the king that the peaceful relations between Russia and Sweden depended on Swedish agreement to abide by the limitations of the Treaty of Tilsit which in practice meant that Sweden would have been required ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denmark–Norway
Denmark–Norway (Danish language, Danish and Norwegian language, Norwegian: ) is a term for the 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real unionFeldbæk 1998:11 consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including the then Norwegian overseas possessions: the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and List of possessions of Norway, other possessions), the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein.Feldbæk 1998:21f, 125, 159ff, 281ff The state also claimed sovereignty over three historical peoples: Frisians, Gutes and Wends.Feldbæk 1998:21 Denmark–Norway had several colonies, namely the Danish Gold Coast, Danish India (the Nicobar Islands, Serampore, Tharangambadi), and the Danish West Indies.Feldbæk 1998:23 The union was also known as the Dano-Norwegian Realm (''Det dansk-norske rige''), Twin Realms (''Tvillingerigerne'') or the Oldenburg Monarchy (''Oldenburg-monarkiet''). The state's inhabitants were mainly Danish people, Danes, Norwegian p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Battle Of The Nations
The Battle of Leipzig, also known as the Battle of the Nations, was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813 at Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony, Saxony. The Coalition armies of Austrian Empire, Austria, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, Sweden, and Russian Empire, Russia, led by Tsar Alexander I of Russia, Alexander I, Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg, Karl von Schwarzenberg, and Gebhard von Blücher decisively defeated the ''Grande Armée'' of Emperor of the French, French Emperor Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon's army also contained Duchy of Warsaw, Polish and Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic), Italian troops, as well as Germans from the Confederation of the Rhine (mainly Saxony and Kingdom of Württemberg, Württemberg). The battle was the culmination of the German campaign of 1813 and involved about 560,000 soldiers, 2,200 artillery pieces, the expenditure of 400,000 rounds of artillery ammunition, and 133,000 casualties, making it the largest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
