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Cryptobranchoidea
The Cryptobranchoidea are a suborder of salamanders found in Asia, European Russia, and the United States. They are known as primitive salamanders, in contrast to Salamandroidea, the advanced salamanders. It has two living subdivisions, Cryptobranchidae ( Asian giant salamanders and hellbenders), and Hynobiidae, commonly known as Asian salamanders. Giant salamanders are obligate paedomorphs with partial metamorphosis, but Asiatic salamander goes through a full metamorphosis. The only known exceptions are the Longdong stream salamander, which has been documented as facultatively neotenic, and the Ezo salamander, where a now assumed extinct population from Lake Kuttarush in Hokkaido had neotenic traits like gills in adults. The oldest members of the group are known from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) aged Yanliao Biota of China. Taxonomy This suborder contains only two families at present. All other members are extinct and are only known as fossils. *'' Chunerpeton'' Haifa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salamanders
Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults. All ten extant salamander families are grouped together under the order (biology), order Urodela, the sole surviving order from the group Caudata. ''Urodela'' is a scientific Latin term based on the Ancient Greek : ourà dēlē "conspicuous tail". ''Caudata'' is the Latin for "tailed ones", from : "tail". Salamander diversity is highest in eastern North America, especially in the Appalachian Mountains; most species are found in the Holarctic realm, with some species present in the Neotropical realm. Salamanders never have more than four toes on their front legs and five on their rear legs, but some species have fewer digits and others lack hind limbs. Their permeable skin usually makes them reliant on habitats in or near water or other cool, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chunerpeton
''Chunerpeton tianyiensis'' is an extinct species of salamander from the Late Jurassic Daohugou Beds in Ningcheng County, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), China. It is the only species classified under the genus ''Chunerpeton'', which means "early creeping animal". It was a small animal measuring 18 cm in length. It was neotenic, with the retention of external gills into adulthood. In the original description it was placed in Cryptobranchidae, which contains modern giant salamanders. A redescription published in 2020 found it to be a stem-group caudatan outside the crown group of modern salamanders. A 2021 study found it to be a member of Cryptobranchoidea outside of Cryptobranchidae. In 2022 a more extensive analysis, with greater character and taxon sampling, recovered ''Chunerpeton tianyiense'' as a stem-group caudatan, outside the crown group of modern salamanders, and associated with ''Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis'' and '' Qinglongtriton gangouensis''. ''Chunerpeton t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptobranchidae
The Cryptobranchidae (commonly known as giant salamanders) are a family of large salamanders that are fully aquatic. The family includes some of the largest living amphibians. They are native to China, Japan, and the eastern United States. Giant salamanders constitute one of two living families—the other being the Asiatic salamanders belonging to the family Hynobiidae—within the Cryptobranchoidea, one of two main divisions of living salamanders. The largest species are in the genus ''Andrias'', native to east Asia. The South China giant salamander (''Andrias sligoi'') can reach a length of .Andrias davidianus AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. 2012. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 13 December 2012. The < ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nesovtriton
''Nesovtriton'' is an extinct genus of cryptobranchoid salamander known from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian age) of Bissekty Formation, in Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ .... It was first named by Pavel P. Skutschas in 2009 and the type species is ''Nesovtriton mynbulakensis''. References Cryptobranchoidea Cretaceous salamanders Late Cretaceous amphibians Fossil taxa described in 2009 Fossils of Uzbekistan Prehistoric amphibian genera {{paleo-salamander-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iridotriton
''Iridotriton'' is an extinct genus of salamander known from a fossil discovered in stratigraphic zone 6 of the late Jurassic Morrison Formation,Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. pp. 327-329. within the Dinosaur National Monument, and contains one described,''Iridotriton hechti''. It is likely a member of Cryptobranchoidea The Cryptobranchoidea are a suborder of salamanders found in Asia, European Russia, and the United States. They are known as primitive salamanders, in contrast to Salamandroidea, the advanced salamanders. It has two living subdivisions, Cryptobr .... See also * Paleobiota of the Morrison Formation References † Morrison fauna Jurassic amphibians of North America Late Jurassic animals of North America Prehistoric amphibian genera {{paleo-salamander-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salamandroidea
The Salamandroidea are a suborder of salamanders, referred to as advanced salamanders. The members of the suborder are found worldwide except for Antarctica, sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania. They differ from suborder Cryptobranchoidea as the Angular bone, angular and prearticular bones in their lower jaws are fused, their trunk ribs are bicapitate, and all members use internal fertilization. The female is fertilized by means of a spermatophore, a sperm-containing cap placed by the male in her cloaca. The sperm is stored in spermathecae on the roof of the cloaca until it is needed at the time of oviposition. The earliest known salamandroid fossils remain contested. Some studies suggest that the earliest salamandroids are represented by specimens of the species ''Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis'' and ''Qinglongtriton, Qinglongtriton gangouensis'' from the Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China, dated to the Late Jurassic about 157 million years ago. Alternative analyses sugges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinerpeton
''Sinerpeton'' is an extinct genus of salamander from the Late Jurassic of China. It is monotypic and consists of one species, ''S. fengshanense''. Discovery and naming ''Sinerpeton'' was recovered from Late Jurassic (Tithonian) fossil beds in Fengshan, China, which overlay the Zhangjiakou Formation. The type species was originally named ''S. fengshanensis'', though was later amended to the proper ''S. fengshanense''. Description ''Sinerpeton'' retains various characteristics basal to salamanders, including small dorsal processes on the maxillae, nasals that articulate in the midline, separate angular and coronoid bones, and the fusion of the first and second distal carpals. It has unicapitate ribs, similar to cryptobranchoids. Based on its ossified mesopodium and paired ceratobranchials, it was originally suggested that ''Sinerpeton'' retained its external gills into adulthood, though ossified ceratobranchials occur in both metamorphosed and neotenic salamanders, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hynobiidae
The Asiatic salamanders (family Hynobiidae) are primitive salamanders found all over Asia, and in European Russia. They are closely related to the giant salamanders (family Cryptobranchidae), with which they form the suborder Cryptobranchoidea. About half of hynobiids currently described are endemic to Japan, but their range also covers parts of China, Russia, Afghanistan and Iran. Hynobiid salamanders practice external fertilization, or spawning. And, unlike other salamander families which reproduce internally, male hynobiids focus on egg sacs rather than females during breeding. The female lays two egg sacs at a time, each containing up to 70 eggs. Parental care is common. A few species have very reduced lungs, or no lungs at all. Larvae can sometimes have reduced external gills if they live in cold and very oxygen-rich water. Fossils of hynobiids are known from the Miocene to the present in Asia and Eastern Europe, though fossils of Cryptobranchoids more closely related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hellbender
The hellbender (''Cryptobranchus alleganiensis''), also known as the hellbender salamander, is a species of aquatic giant salamander endemic to the eastern and central United States. It is the largest salamander in North America. A member of the family Cryptobranchidae, the hellbender is the only extant member of the genus ''Cryptobranchus''. Other closely related salamanders in the same family are in the genus '' Andrias'', which contains the Japanese and Chinese giant salamanders. The hellbender is much larger than any other salamander in its geographic range, and employs an unusual adaption for respiration through cutaneous gas exchange via capillaries found in its lateral skin folds. It fills a particular niche—both as a predator and prey—in its ecosystem, which either it or its ancestors have occupied for around 65 million years. The species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to the impacts of disease and widespread habitat lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrias
''Andrias'' is a genus of giant salamanders. It includes the largest salamanders in the world, with ''A. japonicus'' reaching a length of , and ''A. sligoi'' reaching . While extant species are known only from East Asia, several extinct species in the genus are known from late Oligocene and Neogene aged fossils collected in Europe and North America, indicating that the genus formerly had a much wider range. Taxonomy The generic name derives from Ancient Greek ἀνδριάς, "statue". The former name was ''Megalobatrachus'', from Ancient Greek meaning "giant frog". Phylogeny This phylogeny is based on Chai ''et al'' (2022). and Vasilyan ''et al'' (2013) Alternative phylogeny by Fang ''et al'' (2018). Species Extant species Based on genetic evidence, there may be more extant species in the genus. A study in 2018 found that ''A. davidianus'' ''sensu lato'' was a species complex that consisted of at least five different species. ''A. sligoi'', which was formerly synony ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptobranchus Alleganiensis
The hellbender (''Cryptobranchus alleganiensis''), also known as the hellbender salamander, is a species of aquatic giant salamander endemic to the eastern and central United States. It is the largest salamander in North America. A member of the family Cryptobranchidae, the hellbender is the only extant member of the genus ''Cryptobranchus''. Other closely related salamanders in the same family are in the genus ''Andrias'', which contains the Japanese and Chinese giant salamanders. The hellbender is much larger than any other salamander in its geographic range, and employs an unusual adaption for respiration through cutaneous gas exchange via capillaries found in its lateral skin folds. It fills a particular niche—both as a predator and prey—in its ecosystem, which either it or its ancestors have occupied for around 65 million years. The species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to the impacts of disease and widespread habitat loss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longdong Stream Salamander
The Longdong stream salamander (''Batrachuperus londongensis'') is a species of salamander in the family Hynobiidae endemic to Sichuan, China, where it is found in the Longdong River on Mount Emei. Its natural habitats are rivers and freshwater springs. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved elsewhere, or are dead, leading to a decrease .... References Batrachuperus Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1978 Endangered Fauna of China {{salamander-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
