Cryptobranchoidea

The Cryptobranchoidea are a suborder of salamanders found in Asia, European Russia, and the United States. They are known as primitive salamanders, in contrast to Salamandroidea, the advanced salamanders. It has two living subdivisions, Cryptobranchidae ( Asian giant salamanders and hellbenders), and Hynobiidae, commonly known as Asian salamanders.

Giant salamanders are obligate paedomorphs with partial metamorphosis, but Asiatic salamander goes through a full metamorphosis. The only known exceptions are the Longdong stream salamander, which has been documented as facultatively neotenic, and the Ezo salamander, where a now assumed extinct population from Lake Kuttarush in Hokkaido had neotenic traits like gills in adults.

The oldest members of the group are known from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) aged Yanliao Biota of China.

Taxonomy

This suborder contains only two families at present. All other members are extinct and are only known as fossils.
*'' Chunerpeton'' Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) ( neotenic) (Note that this taxon has alternatively been recovered outside of Cryptobranchoidea or even outside Urodela)

*'' Jeholotriton'' Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) (neotenic)
*'' Pangerpeton'' Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
*'' Nesovtriton'' Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
*'' Iridotriton'' Morrison Formation, United States, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
*'' Kiyatriton'' Itat Formation, Russia, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Ilek Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) (Presumed to be a cryptobranchoid)
*'' Laccotriton'' Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
*'' Sinerpeton'' Fengshan fossil bed, China, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
* Cryptobranchidae (Late Cretaceous-Recent)
*Panhynobia
** '' Liaoxitriton'' Jiufotang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
** '' Linglongtriton'' Tiaojishan Formation, China, Late Jurassic ( Oxfordian)
** '' Neimengtriton'' Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
** '' Regalerpeton'' Dabeigou Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)
** '' Nuominerpeton'' Longjiang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
** Hynobiidae (Miocene-Recent)

References

Oxfordian first appearances
Extant Late Jurassic first appearances
Amphibian suborders
Taxa named by Emmett Reid Dunn

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