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Confederate Army (Peru–Bolivian Confederation)
The Confederate Army (), preceded in 1835 by the United Army (), was the land army of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. It was made up by the former armies of Peru and Bolivia and its formal establishment began with the signing of the of the Confederation. History The army was preceded by an alliance between Peruvian troops loyal to Luis José de Orbegoso, then constitutional president of Peru, and the Bolivian Army of ally and president of Bolivia, Andrés de Santa Cruz, who crossed the border into Peru at Orbegoso's invitation during the civil war that broke out after political instability and a coup d'état in 1835 by Felipe Santiago Salaverry. After the alliance's triumph in 1836, assemblies were soon established to make way for the creation of the Confederation, including its army. The army initially saw success against the first military expedition carried out by Peruvian dissidents in Arequipa, forcing them to sign a peace treaty, but was ultimately defeated in the secon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrés De Santa Cruz
Andrés de Santa Cruz y Calahumana (; 30 November 1792 – 25 September 1865) was a Bolivian general and politician who served as interim president of Peru in 1827, the interim president of Peru from 1836 to 1838 and the sixth president of Bolivia from 1829 to 1839. He also served as Supreme Protector of the short-lived Peru-Bolivian Confederation from 1836 to 1839, a political entity created mainly by his personal endeavors. Early life and education Santa Cruz was born on 30 November 1792, in the town of Huarina, La Paz. His father was José Santa Cruz y Villavicencio, a Spaniard, and his mother Juana Basilia Calahumana, an Aymara woman from the town of Huarina. In later years, Andrés de Santa Cruz would claim that through his mother, he descended directly from Inca rulers. He began his studies in his hometown at the San Francisco Convent, and continued them at the San Antonio Abad Seminary in the city of Cuzco. In 1809 he left the seminary and returned to La Paz. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian Republic (1837)
The Peruvian Republic was a state that declared itself independent from the Peru–Bolivian Confederation in 1837 under the nominal leadership of Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente as Supreme Chief of Peru. This ephemeral state, although it claimed the entire territory of Peru, barely had control over Arequipa, and saw its end when its troops were cornered by the Confederate Army, and forced to sign the Paucarpata Peace Treaty. History The rivalry that existed between the ports of Callao and Valparaíso worsened as a result of the establishment of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, which led to the souring of relations between the Confederation and Chile. A tariff war soon began between both states, and Luis José de Orbegoso's support of Ramón Freire's failed expedition against Diego Portales worsened the situation. Thus, the Congress of Chile approved the declaration of war on December 26, 1836, claiming that Andrés de Santa Cruz's rule over Peru was illegitimate, and that his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Of Peru
The Peruvian Armed Forces () are the military services of Peru, comprising independent Army, Navy and Air Force components. Their primary mission is to safeguard the country's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity against any threat. As a secondary mission they participate in economic and social development as well as in civil defence tasks. The National Police of Peru is often classified as a part of the armed forces. Although in fact it has a different organisation and a wholly civil mission, its training and activities over more than two decades as an anti-terrorist force have produced markedly military characteristics, giving it the appearance of a virtual fourth military service with significant land, sea and air capabilities and approximately 140,000 personnel. The Peruvian armed forces report through the Ministry of Defence (Peru), Ministry of Defence, while the National Police of Peru report through the Ministry of Interior. History 19th century The Per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Bolivia
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily Weapon, armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a distinct military uniform. They may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of a military is usually defined as defence of their state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include other paramilitary forces such as armed police. Beyond warfare, the military may be employed in additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within the state, including internal security threats, crowd control, promotion of political agendas, emergency services and reconstructi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
