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Companhia Brasileira De Material Ferroviário
The Companhia Brasileira de Material Ferroviário (COBRASMA) () was a private company (Grupo Vidigal) responsible for manufacturing part of Brazil's railway equipment. At its peak, it employed nearly 6,900 people and had annual sales exceeding 200 million dollars. After a severe crisis, it ceased its manufacturing activities in May 1998, with a debt of approximately R$ 600 million. History During World War II, Brazilian railroads faced shortages of parts and supplies for maintenance, which were typically imported from the countries involved in the conflict. These countries, however, were redirecting their industries to support the war effort. In 1941, the state of São Paulo had a railway network spanning 7,388 kilometers, with 2,162 locomotives, 3,934 freight wagons, and 2,319 passenger cars. As the war progressed, the risk of the rail network collapsing due to the lack of parts increased. In 1942, the US government sent a technical mission to Brazil, led by Morris Llewellyn C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osasco
Osasco () is a municipality in São Paulo State, Brazil, located in the Greater São Paulo and ranking 5th in population among São Paulo municipalities. According to the IBGE 2015, Osasco currently has the 9th highest gross domestic product in Brazil, and the 2nd largest in the State of São Paulo. The population is 699,944 (2020 est.) in an area of 64.95 km2. It is among the world's more dense cities, similar in density to Tokyo and New York City. It's considered the major urban centre of the Western portion of the Greater São Paulo. It used to be a district of São Paulo City until February 19, 1962, when Osasco became a municipality of its own.IBGE history The city motto is "Urbs labor", a phrase that means "City work". History |
Companies Disestablished In 1998
A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Companies take various forms, such as: * voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations * business entities, whose aim is generating profit * financial entities and banks * programs or educational institutions A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duty according to the publicly declared incorporation, or published policy. When a company closes, it may need to be liquidated to avoid further legal obligations. Companies may associate and collectively register themselves as new companies; the resulting entities are often known as corporate groups. Meanings and definitions A company can be defined as an "artificial pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Companies Established In 1944
A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Companies take various forms, such as: * voluntary associations, which may include nonprofit organizations * business entities, whose aim is generating profit * financial entities and banks * programs or educational institutions A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duty according to the publicly declared incorporation, or published policy. When a company closes, it may need to be liquidated to avoid further legal obligations. Companies may associate and collectively register themselves as new companies; the resulting entities are often known as corporate groups. Meanings and definitions A company can be defined as an "arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RFFSA
The Rede Ferroviária Federal, Sociedade Anônima (RFFSA, pronounced as ''Refesa'') () was the State-owned national railway company of Brazil created from ''Brazilian Federal Law #3.115'' on March 16, 1957, after several railroads were nationalized by the Brazilian government. However, the railroad did not take full effect until September 30, 1957. The RFFSA linked 42 railways together (both on documents and actual railroads), creating a regional system composed of 22 railroads. The goal of the RFFSA was to promote and advance the railroad sector of Brazil, creating a north-south-east-west rail network in all five regions of Brazil. But it failed and the RFFSA only served four of the five regions with a north-south rail network win 19 units of the federation of Brazil. By 1999, freight service of the railroad was liquidated and privatized, with the passenger service of the railroad liquidations occurring in 2007. Federal Authority According to ''Article 7 of Law #3.115'' which c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mafersa
Mafersa S.A. is a Brazilian manufacturer of passenger rail cars, buses and trolleybuses, and related components. It was founded in 1944 and was located in the city of São Paulo.Bushell, Chris (Ed.) (1997). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 1997-98'', p. 451. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): Jane's Information Group. . At the end of 1997 it became a subsidiary of Alstom. Most of its customers were in Brazil. However, export orders included, in 1990–92, 38 stainless-steel push-pull commuter rail cars for the Virginia Railway ExpressBushell, Chris (Ed.) (1991). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 1991'', p. 409. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): Jane's Information Group. . (10 control cars ab-equipped trailersand 28 trailers) Middleton, William D.; and Sebree, Mac (1994). ''North American Commuter Rail 1994'', pp. 16 and 47. Pasadena (CA), US: Pentrex. ISSN 0160-6913. and 256 metro-car bodyshells for the Chicago Transit Authority (as a subcontractor to Morrison-Knudsen). In the mid-1980s t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Miracle
The Brazilian Miracle () was a period of exceptional economic growth in Brazil during the rule of the Brazilian military dictatorship, achieved via a heterodox and developmentalist model. During this time the average annual GDP growth was close to 10%. The greatest economic growth was reached during the tenure of President Emílio Garrastazu Médici from 1969 to 1973. The short-lived economic miracle in Brazil was based on, as James Petras argues: ''a) violent illegitimate seizure of political power by the military;'' ''b) the institutionalization of violence through an extensive and intensive system of military-police controls throughout civil society;'' ''c) the systematic use of terror to contain popular discontent, to disarticulate mass organizations and to destroy guerrilla resistance;'' ''d) the elaboration of the National Security ideology to justify the State's "permanent state of war" against autonomous class or nationalist movements.''Perception of the so-calle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Década Perdida
"La Década Perdida" in Spanish or "A Década Perdida" in Portuguese ("The Lost Decade") of Latin America is a term used to describe the economic crisis suffered in Latin America during the 1980s, which continued for some countries into the 1990s. In general, the crisis was composed of unpayable external debts, taxes, and volatile inflation and exchange rates, which in the majority of the countries in the region were fixed. Overview During the 1970s, the rise in prices of raw materials (primarily oil) and the decrease in the value of the dollar caused US dollars to flow into Latin America, a region that then debated between an industrial model directed from the state or a market based model. In 1980, the decreased price of raw materials and the rise of interest rates in the industrialized countries generated a lack of resources, which provoked a massive depreciation of exchange rates, appreciating the real interest rate on the debt, a situation made worse by the presence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pressed Steel Car Company
The Pressed Steel Car Company was a builder of railroad cars and equipment based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that was founded in 1899, and had facilities in Pittsburgh and Chicago. It operated until 1956. Early history The Pressed Steel Car Company of Pittsburgh came into existence 17 February 1899 and was an amalgamation of the Schoen Pressed Steel Company, Pittsburgh, and the British company, the Fox Solid Pressed Steel Company, set up in 1889 in Joliet, 30 miles southwest of Chicago. Contribution to the U.S. war effort Pressed Steel Car Company ranked 41st among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts. It was involved in the design and production of 24 M43 Howitzer Motor Carriages and 311 M40 Gun Motor Carriages., T29 Heavy Tanks, T30 Ammunition Carriers, M7 Gun Motor Carriages, M3 Light Tanks (501,) M4 Medium Tanks (1000) along with its variants totalling in over 8600 in M4 series - M4A1 (3700,) M4A2 (21,) improved M4A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million Military personnel, personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Air warfare of World War II, Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banco Bradesco
Banco Bradesco S.A. is a Brazilian financial services company headquartered in Osasco, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is the third largest banking institution in Brazil, as well as the third largest in Latin America, and the seventy-ninth largest bank in the world. It is also one of fifty most valuable banks in the world. The bank is listed at the B3 in São Paulo, where it is part of the Índice Bovespa, in the New York Stock Exchange and in the Madrid Stock Exchange. Its primary financial services revolve around commercial banking, offering Internet Banking, insurance, pension plans, annuities, credit card services (including football club affinity cards for soccer fans) for customers, and savings bonds. The bank also provides personal and commercial loans, as well as leasing services. Bradesco is a pioneer in using the ATM biometric reading system in Brazil, which enables customers to be identified using the vascular pattern of their hands, serving as a compleme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
