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Charles Noguès
Charles Noguès (; 13 August 1876 – 20 April 1971) was a French general. He graduated from the École Polytechnique, and he was awarded the Grand Croix of the Legion of Honour in 1939. He served in field artillery units during World War I. He became commander of 19th Army Corps (France) in French Algeria in 1933. He was appointed Resident General in Morocco by the Léon Blum administration in 1936 where he spearheaded violent campaigns by the colonial administration to quell the labor movement. He was considered a rightist. Upon the outbreak of World War II, he was named Commander in Chief of all French Forces in North Africa and announced strict measures against German sympathizers. After the fall of France and the installation of the Vichy puppet regime, Noguès aided the Germans, pursued members of the French Resistance and enforced Vichy laws that targeted Jews. When the Allies invaded North Africa, Noguès initially ordered his troops to resist, but when the Allies gaine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casablanca Conference
The Casablanca Conference (codenamed SYMBOL) or Anfa Conference was held in Casablanca, French Morocco, from January 14 to 24, 1943, to plan the Allies of World War II, Allied European strategy for the next phase of World War II. The main discussions were between US President Franklin Roosevelt (with his military staff) and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (with his staff). Stalin could not attend. Key decisions included a commitment to demand Axis powers' unconditional surrender; plans for an invasion of Sicily and Italy before the main invasion of France; an intensified strategic bombing campaign against Germany; and approval of a US Navy plan to advance on Japan through the central Pacific and the Philippines. The last item authorized the island-hopping campaign in the Pacific, which shortened the war. Of all the decisions made, the most important was the Allied invasion of Sicily, which Churchill pushed for in part to divert American attention from opening a second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appeal Of 18 June
The Appeal of 18 June () was the first speech made by Charles de Gaulle after his arrival in London in 1940 following the Battle of France. Broadcast to France by the radio services of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), it is often considered to have marked the beginning of the French Resistance in World War II. It is regarded as one of the most important speeches in French history. In spite of its significance in French collective memory, historians have shown that the appeal was heard only by a minority of French people. De Gaulle's 22 June 1940 speech was more widely heard. The historic importance of these radio broadcasts and de Gaulle's future status as the emblem of the French resistance gave de Gaulle the nickname ' (''The Man of 18 June''). Context De Gaulle had recently been promoted to the rank of brigadier general and named as under-secretary of state for national defence and war by Prime Minister Paul Reynaud during the German invasion of France. Reynaud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1876 Births
Events January * January 1 ** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin. ** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol. *January 27 – The Northampton Bank robbery occurs in Massachusetts. February * February 2 ** The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs is formed at a meeting in Chicago; it replaces the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. Morgan Bulkeley of the Hartford Dark Blues is selected as the league's first president. ** Third Carlist War (Spain): Battle of Montejurra – The new commander General Fernando Primo de Rivera marches on the remaining Carlist stronghold at Estella, where he meets a force of about 1,600 men under General Carlos Calderón, at nearby Montejurra. After a courageous and costly defence, Calderón is forced to withdraw. * February 14 – Alexander Graham Bell applies for a U.S. patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray. * February 19 – Third Carlist War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théophile Delcassé
Théophile Delcassé (; 1 March 185222 February 1923) was a French politician who served as foreign minister from 1898 to 1905. He is best known for his hatred of German Empire, Germany and efforts to secure alliances with Russian Empire, Russia and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Great Britain that became the Entente Cordiale. He belonged to the Radical Party (France), Radical Party and was a protege of Léon Gambetta. Biography Delcassé was born on 1 March 1852, at Pamiers, in the Ariège (department), Ariège département. He wrote articles on foreign affairs for the ''République Française'' and ''Le Temps'', and in 1888 was elected ''conseiller général'' of his native ''département'', standing as "''un disciple fidèle de Léon Gambetta''". In the following year he entered the chamber as deputy for Foix. Colonial affairs Delcassé was appointed under-secretary for the colonies in the second Alexandre Ribot, Ribot cabinet (January to April 1893), and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Puaux
Gabriel Puaux (; May 19, 1883, in Paris – January 1, 1970, in Kitzbühel, Austria) was a French diplomat and politician. Biography Puaux, son of the Protestant pastor Frank Puaux, earned a bachelor's degree in addition to his postgraduate education of law. In 1908, he became the French Ambassador in Bern, Switzerland. Afterwards, he was the French Ambassador in Tunisia from 1907 to 1912. He later joined the French Army and received several honorable medals. Puaux returned to Tunisia and became the Secretary General of the French government from 1919 to 1922. He served as the French ambassador in Lithuania, Romania, and Austria. Puaux was also the High Commissioner of the Levant from October 22, 1938 till 1940. In June 1943, he became the resident general of France in Morocco and held that position until March 1946. In the Senate of France, he was the representative of the French residents residing in Tunisia from May 29, 1952 till April 26, 1959. He was elected as a membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Torch
Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942) was an Allies of World War II, Allied invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War. Torch was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while allowing American armed forces the opportunity to begin their fight against Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy on a limited scale. The French colonies were aligned with Germany via Vichy France but the loyalties of the population were mixed. Reports indicated that they might support the Allies. The American General Dwight D. Eisenhower, supreme commander of the Allied forces in Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II, Mediterranean theater of the war, approved plans for a three-pronged attack on Casablanca (Western), Oran (Centre) and Algiers (Eastern), then a rapid move on Tunis to catch Axis forces in North Africa from the west in conjunction with the British advance from Egypt. The Western Task Force encountered unexpected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Noguès In Es-Saada November 12, 1942
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*karilaz'' (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was "free man". The Old English descendant of this word was '' Ċearl'' or ''Ċeorl'', as the name of King Cearl of Mercia, that disappeared after the Norman conquest of England. The name was notably borne by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), and was at the time Latinized as ''Karolus'' (as in ''Vita Karoli Magni''), later also as '' Carolus''. Etymology The name's etymology is a Common Germanic noun ''*karilaz'' meaning "free man", which survives in English as churl (James (< Latin ''-us'', see Spanish/ Portuguese ''Carlos''). According to Julius Pokorny, the historical linguist and Indo-European studies, Indo-Europeanist, the root meaning of Charles is "old man", from Proto-Indo-European language, Indo-European *wikt:Appendix:Proto-Indo-Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disbarment
Disbarment, also known as striking off, is the removal of a lawyer from a bar association or the practice of law, thus revoking their law license or admission to practice law. Disbarment is usually a punishment for unethical or criminal conduct but may also be imposed for incompetence or incapacity. Procedures vary depending on the law society; temporary disbarment may be called suspension. Australia In Australia, states regulate the Legal Profession under state law despite many participating in a uniform scheme. Admission as a lawyer is the business of the admissions board and the Supreme Court. Disciplinary proceedings may be commenced by the Bar Association, the Law Society of which one is a member, or the board itself. Germany In Germany, a '' Berufsverbot'' is a ban on practicing a profession, which the government can issue to a lawyer for misconduct, ''Volksverhetzung'' or for serious mismanagement of personal finances. In April 1933, the Nazi government issued a ''Ber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moroccan Communist Party
The Moroccan Communist Party was a political party in Morocco. The party was established in November 1943 on the basis of the individual communist groups that had been active in Morocco since 1920.Great Soviet EncyclopediaМарокканская Коммунистическая партия/ref> The founding general secretary of the party was Léon Sultan. After Sultan's death in 1945, Ali Yata became the party general secretary. History The first congress of the Moroccan Communist Party, held in April 1946 issued an appeal to the people of Morocco to join forces in the struggle for independence, for democratic freedoms and improving the situation of the workers. In the manifesto "For the unification and independence o ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon Sultan
Léon Réne Sultan (; September 13, 1905 – June 23, 1945) was a French-Algerian lawyer and founder of the Moroccan Communist Party, Communist Party of Morocco. Background He was born to an Algerian Jewish family—one of 8 children—in Constantine, Algeria, Constantine, French Algeria, Algeria in 1905.Alma Heckman, “Sultan, Léon René”, in: ''Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World'', Executive Editor Norman A. Stillman. Consulted online on 26 December 2023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_SIM_000782 He was technically a French citizen due to the Crémieux Decree. His father worked at the military factories in the city. Career He studied at the Algiers 1 University, College of Law of Algiers (), then from 1925 to 1929 practiced at his own law office in Constantine. In 1929, he moved his practice to Casablanca, Morocco, where he joined young socialists and socialized with the city's Muslims as well as Jews. He was fluent in Arabic and French language, French. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed V Of Morocco
Mohammed al-Khamis bin Yusef bin Hassan al-Alawi, better known simply as Mohammed V (10 August 1909 – 26 February 1961), was the last Sultan of Morocco from 1927 to 1953 and from 1955 to 1957, and first King of Morocco from 1957 to 1961. A member of the 'Alawi dynasty, he played an instrumental role in securing the independence of Morocco from the French and Spanish Protectorates. Mohammed was enthroned as sultan upon the death of his father Yusef bin Hassan in 1927. Early in his reign, his approval of the Berber Dahir drew widespread backlash and spurred an upsurge of Moroccan nationalism and opposition to continued French rule. Initially more amenable to colonial authorities, Mohammed grew increasingly supportive of the nationalist movement later on. During World War II he supported the Allies, participated in the 1943 Anfa Conference and took steps to protect Moroccan Jews from Vichy persecution. Mohammed became a central figure of the independence cause after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vichy France
Vichy France (; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established as a result of the French capitulation after the Battle of France, defeat against Germany. It was named after its seat of government, the city of Vichy. Officially independent, but with half of its Metropolitan France, territory occupied under the harsh terms of Armistice of 22 June 1940, the 1940 armistice with Nazi Germany, it adopted Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, a policy of collaboration. Though Paris was nominally its capital, the government established itself in Vichy in the unoccupied "free zone" (). The German military administration in occupied France during World War II, occupation of France by Germany at first affected only the northern and western portions of the country. In November 1942, the Allies Operation Torch, occupied French North Africa, and in response the Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
