|
Captioning
Closed captioning (CC) and subtitling are both processes of displaying text on a television, video screen, or other visual display to provide additional or interpretive information. Both are typically used as a transcription of the audio portion of a program as it occurs (either verbatim or in edited form), sometimes including descriptions of non-speech elements. Other uses have included providing a textual alternative language translation of a presentation's primary audio language that is usually burned-in (or "open") to the video and unselectable. HTML5 defines subtitles as a "transcription or translation of the dialogue when sound is available but not understood" by the viewer (for example, dialogue in a foreign language) and captions as a "transcription or translation of the dialogue, sound effects, relevant musical cues, and other relevant audio information when sound is unavailable or not clearly audible" (for example, when audio is muted or the viewer is deaf or hard of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subtitle (captioning)
Subtitles and captions are lines of dialogue or other text displayed at the bottom of the screen in films, television programs, video games or other visual media. They can be transcriptions of the screenplay, translations of it, or information to help viewers who are deaf or hard-of-hearing understand what is shown. Subtitles refer to a text translation of audio into a different language and are for people who can hear the audio, but may not be able to understand the dialogue. Captions are text in the language of the audio and are designed for anyone unable to hear the audio, they often also contain important sounds that would be unavailable for anyone unable to hear the audio. Open captions are "burnt" into the video and will therefore always be visible, while closed captions (CC) can be toggled on and off according to the preference of the viewer. Methods Subtitles can be rendered as part of the video or separately as graphics or text overlaid on the video. Someti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subtitles
Subtitles and captions are lines of dialogue or other text displayed at the bottom of the screen in films, television programs, video games or other visual media. They can be transcriptions of the screenplay ''ScreenPlay'' is a television drama anthology series broadcast on BBC2 between 9 July 1986 and 27 October 1993. Background After single-play anthology series went off the air, the BBC introduced several showcases for made-for-television, fe ..., translations of it, or information to help viewers who are deaf or hard of hearing, hard-of-hearing understand what is shown. Subtitles refer to a text translation of audio into a different language and are for people who can hear the audio, but may not be able to understand the dialogue. Captions are text in the language of the audio and are designed for anyone unable to hear the audio, they often also contain important sounds that would be unavailable for anyone unable to hear the audio. Open captions are "burnt" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Captioning Institute
The National Captioning Institute, Inc. (NCI) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that provides real-time and off-line closed captioning, subtitling and translation, described video, web captioning, and Spanish captioning for television and films. Created in 1979 and headquartered in Chantilly, Virginia, the organization was the first to caption live TV and home video, and holds the trademark on the display icon featuring a simple geometric rendering of a television set merged with a speech balloon to indicate that a program is captioned by National Captioning Institute. National Captioning Institute also has an office in Santa Clarita, California. History The National Association of Broadcasters formed a task force in 1972 to create the technology to provide captions of television broadcasts without an unreasonably large financial burden on television networks or local television stations.Brennan, Patricia (September 29, 1985). "National Captioning Institute: CC: Decoding Tele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VITAC
VITAC is a Canonsburg, Pennsylvania-based provider of audio transcription services. It provides services such as closed captioning, dubbing, and audio description services. The company has over 700 employees, with clients ranging from broadcast networks, to government agencies and educational institutions. History VITAC was incorporated in March 1986 in Pittsburgh as American Data Captioning, Inc. It sold services under the name CaptionAmerica, and in 1993 changed its name to VITAC, an acronym for “VITal ACcess,” which refers to all services that make mass media accessible. VITAC has been continuously providing closed captioning services since 1986. In 2000, VITAC was sold to Word Wave, Inc. In 2006, Word Wave, Inc. was acquired by Merrill Corporation. In August 2012, VITAC acquired Closed Captioning Services. In 2016 The Gores Group, a global private equity firm specializing in acquiring and partnering with mature and growing businesses, acquired VITAC. In 2017, VITAC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenotype
A steno machine, stenotype machine, shorthand machine, stenograph or steno writer is a specialized chorded keyboard or typewriter used by stenographers for shorthand use. In order to pass the United States Registered Professional Reporter test, a trained court reporter or closed captioner must write speeds of approximately 180, 200, and 225 words per minute (wpm) at very high accuracy in the categories of literary, jury charge, and testimony, respectively. Some stenographers can reach 300 words per minute. The website of the California Official Court Reporters Association (COCRA) gives the official record for American English as 375 wpm. The stenotype keyboard has far fewer keys than a conventional alphanumeric keyboard. Multiple keys are pressed simultaneously (known as " chording" or "stroking") to spell out whole syllables, words, and phrases with a single hand motion. This system makes realtime transcription practical for court reporting and live closed captioning. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EIA-608
EIA-608, also known as "line 21 captions" and "CEA-608", was once the standard for closed captioning for NTSC TV broadcasts in the United States, Canada and Mexico. It was developed by the Electronic Industries Alliance and required by law to be implemented in most television receivers made in the United States. It specifies an "Extended Data Service", which is a means for including a VCR control service with an electronic program guide for NTSC transmissions that operates on the even line 21 field, similar to the TeleText based VPS that operates on line 16 which is used in PAL countries. EIA-608 captions are transmitted on either the odd or even fields of line 21 with an odd parity bit in the non-visible active video data area in NTSC broadcasts, and are also sometimes present in the picture user data in ATSC transmissions. It uses a fixed bandwidth of 480 bit/s per line 21 field for a maximum of 32 characters per line per caption (maximum four captions) for a 30 frame broadca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABC World News Tonight
''ABC World News Tonight'' (titled ''ABC World News Tonight with David Muir'' for its weeknight broadcasts since September 2014) is the flagship daily evening television news program of ABC News, the news division of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network in the United States. It is currently the most watched network newscast in the United States, with an average of 2 million more than its nearest rival, '' NBC Nightly News''. Since 2014, the program's weekday broadcasts have been anchored by David Muir. As of February 6–7, 2021, Whit Johnson and Linsey Davis anchor the weekend editions of the newscast, with Johnson anchoring on Saturdays and Davis anchoring on Sundays. The program has been anchored at various times by a number of other presenters since its debut in 1948. It also has used various titles, including ''ABC Evening News'' from 1970 to 1978, ''World News Tonight'' from 1978 to 2006, ''World News'' from 2006 to 2009, and ''ABC World News'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teletext
A British Ceefax football index page from October 2009, showing the three-digit page numbers for a variety of football news stories Teletext, or broadcast teletext, is a standard for displaying text and rudimentary graphics on suitably equipped television sets. Teletext sends data in the broadcast signal, hidden in the invisible vertical blanking interval area at the top and bottom of the screen. The teletext decoder in the television buffers this information as a series of "pages", each given a number. The user can display chosen pages using their remote control. In broad terms, it can be considered as Videotex, a system for the delivery of information to a user in a computer-like format, typically displayed on a television or a dumb terminal, but that designation is usually reserved for systems that provide bi-directional communication, such as Prestel or Minitel. Teletext was created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s by John Adams, Philips' lead designer for vide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WGBH-TV
WGBH-TV (channel 2), branded on-air as GBH or GBH 2 since 2020, is the primary PBS List of PBS member stations, member television station in Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is the Flagship (broadcasting), flagship property of the WGBH Educational Foundation, which also owns Boston's secondary PBS member WGBX-TV (channel 44) and Springfield, Massachusetts PBS member WGBY-TV (channel 57, operated by New England Public Media), Class A television service, Class A Biz TV network affiliate, affiliate WFXZ-CD (channel 24) and public radio stations WGBH (FM), WGBH (89.7 FM) and WCRB (99.5 FM) in the Boston area, and WCAI radio (and satellites WZAI and WNAN) on Cape Cod. WGBH-TV also effectively, but unofficially serves as one of three flagship stations of PBS, along with WNET in New York City and WETA-TV in Washington, D.C. WGBH-TV, WGBX-TV, and the WGBH and WCRB radio stations share studios on Guest Street in northwest Boston's Brighton, Boston, Brighton neighborhood; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceefax
Ceefax (, punning on "seeing facts") was the world's first teletext information service and a forerunner to the current BBC Red Button service. Ceefax was started by the BBC in 1974 and ended, after 38 years of broadcasting, at 23:32:19 BST (11:32 PM BST) on 23 October 2012, in line with the digital switchover being completed in Northern Ireland. Pete Clifton Points of View 9 November 2008Test Cards and Ceefax BBC Archive To receive a desired page of text on a teletext-capable receiver, the user would enter a three-digit page number on the device. Once the page number was entered, the selected page would display on the user's screen upon its actual transmission, which would have required a wait of several seconds. There were many pages to choose from and they could be displayed either on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcription (linguistics)
Transcription in the linguistic sense is the systematic representation of spoken language in written form. The source can either be utterances (''speech'' or ''sign language'') or preexisting text in another writing system. Transcription should not be confused with translation, which means representing the meaning of text from a source-language in a target language, (e.g. ''Los Angeles'' (from source-language Spanish) means ''The Angels'' in the target language English); or with transliteration, which means representing the spelling of a text from one script to another. In the academic discipline of linguistics, transcription is an essential part of the methodologies of (among others) phonetics, conversation analysis, dialectology, and sociolinguistics. It also plays an important role for several subfields of speech technology. Common examples for transcriptions outside academia are the proceedings of a court hearing such as a criminal trial (by a court reporter) or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan Newell (English Computer Scientist)
Alan Newell is an Emeritus Professor at Dundee University who has a long history of human-computer interaction research, with a focus on supporting the elderly and people with disabilities. He is also the founder of the School of computing at Dundee University, where he established one of the world's largest academic groups dedicated to researching and improving digital systems for the elderly and people with disabilities, the Queen Mother Research Centre. He was involved in some of the early development of closed captioning Closed captioning (CC) and subtitling are both processes of displaying text on a television, video screen, or other visual display to provide additional or interpretive information. Both are typically used as a transcription of the audio por ... in the UK. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Newell, Alan Living people Date of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) Academics of the University of Dundee English computer sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Subtitle (captioning)")
.jpg "Click for more on -> WGBH-TV")
