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Calorie
The calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat. The large calorie, food calorie, dietary calorie, kilocalorie, or kilogram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin). The small calorie or gram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to cause the same increase in one milliliter of water. Thus, 1 large calorie is equal to 1,000 small calories. In nutrition and food science, the term ''calorie'' and the symbol ''cal'' may refer to the large unit or to the small unit in different regions of the world. It is generally used in publications and package labels to express the energy value of foods in per serving or per weight, recommended dietary caloric intake, metabolic rates, etc. Some authors recommend the spelling ''Calorie'' and the symbol ''Cal'' (both with a capital C) if the large calorie is meant, to avoid confusion; however, this convention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joule
The joule ( , or ; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram- metre squared per second squared One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889). Definition According to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures the joule is defined as "the work done when the point of application of 1 MKS unit of force ewtonmoves a distance of 1 metre in the direction of the force." In terms of SI base units and in terms of SI derived units with special names, the joule is defined as One joule is also equivalent to any of the following: * The work required to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolas Clément
Nicolas Clément (12 January 1779 – 21 November 1841) was a French physicist and chemist. He was a colleague of Charles Desormes, with whom he conducted the Clément-Desormes experiment. The two chemists are also credited with determining an accurate value of gamma in the gas law (see Equation of state) that relates the heat capacity of air when expanded at constant pressure vs. constant temperature. They also conducted research on iodine and played a role in determining that it was an element. This research eventually led others to invent the process of photography, and Clément-Desormes is recognized as a contributor in the early history of that industry. Among their accomplishments was establishing a value for absolute zero. Marriage Clément married Desormes' daughter and adopted the family surname as Clément-Desormes. Career Professor Clément held one of the first chairs in chemistry at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers in Paris. He taught a course in indus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unit Of Energy
Energy is defined via work, so the SI unit of energy is the same as the unit of work – the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms, is equal to 1 newton metre and, in terms of SI base units :1\ \mathrm = 1\ \mathrm \left( \frac \right ) ^ 2 = 1\ \frac An energy unit that is used in atomic physics, particle physics, and high energy physics is the electronvolt (eV). One eV is equivalent to . In spectroscopy, the unit cm−1 ≈ is used to represent energy since energy is inversely proportional to wavelength from the equation E = h \nu = h c/\lambda . In discussions of energy production and consumption, the units barrel of oil equivalent and ton of oil equivalent are often used. British imperial / US customary units The British imperial units and U.S. customary units for both energy and work include the foot-pound force (1.3558 J), the British ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dietary Reference Intake
The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) of the National Academies (United States). It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs, see below). The DRI values differ from those used in nutrition labeling on food and dietary supplement products in the U.S. and Canada, which uses Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs) and Daily Values (%DV) which were based on outdated RDAs from 1968 but were updated as of 2016. Parameters DRI provides several different types of reference values: * Estimated Average Requirements (EAR), are expected to satisfy the needs of 50% of the people in that age group based on a review of the scientific literature. * Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient considered sufficient by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine to meet the requirements of 97.5% of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy
Energy () is the physical quantity, quantitative physical property, property that is transferred to a physical body, body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of Work (thermodynamics), work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a Conservation law, conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be Energy transformation, converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of measurement for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J). Forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a Classical field theory, field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, the internal energy contained within a thermodynamic system, and rest energy associated with an object's rest mass. These are not mutual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calorie (other)
A calorie can be any of two units of heat or food energy ("small" and "large"). The word may also refer to: * ''Calories'' (story) a 1951 novel by L. Sprague deCamp * '' Calorie Kun Vs. Moguranian'', a video game * Calorie restriction, a dietary regime * Calorie count laws Calorie count laws are a type of law that require restaurants (typically only larger restaurant chains) to post food energy Food energy is chemical energy that animals and humans derive from food to sustain their metabolism and muscular activit ... for restaurant chains * Empty calorie, calorie provided by food without other essential nutrients * CalorieMate, a Japanese brand of energy-supplement foods * CalorieKing, a company offering weight loss products and services * '' Good Calories, Bad Calories'' a 2007 book by Gary Taubes * CR Society International, formerly Calorie Restriction Society * CALERIE, a food research program by the Pennington Biomedical Research Center {{Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nutrition
Nutrition is the biochemistry, biochemical and physiology, physiological process by which an organism uses food and water to support its life. The intake of these substances provides organisms with nutrients (divided into Macronutrient, macro- and Micronutrient, micro-) which can be Metabolism, metabolized to create Food energy, energy and chemical structures; too much or too little of an essential nutrient can cause malnutrition. Nutritional science, the study of nutrition as a hard science, typically emphasizes human nutrition. The type of organism determines what nutrients it needs and how it obtains them. Organisms obtain nutrients by consuming organic matter, consuming inorganic matter, absorbing light, or some combination of these. Some can produce nutrients internally by consuming basic elements, while some must consume other organisms to obtain pre-existing nutrients. All forms of life require carbon, Biological thermodynamics, energy, and water as well as various other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy Drink
An energy drink is a type of non-alcoholic psychoactive functional beverage containing stimulant compounds, usually caffeine (at a higher concentration than ordinary soda pop) and taurine, which is marketed as reducing tiredness and improving performance and concentration (marketed as "energy", but distinct from food energy). They may or may not be Soft drink, carbonated and may also contain sugar, other sweeteners, or herbal extracts, among numerous Energy drink#Ingredients and uses, other possible ingredients. Energy drinks are different from Sweetened beverage, sugar-sweetened beverages. While both energy drinks and sugar-sweetened beverages typically contain high levels of sugar, energy drinks include stimulants like caffeine and taurine and are marketed for energy, and sugar-sweetened beverages like sodas and fruit juices usually do not. They are a subset of the larger group of energy products, which includes bars and energy gel, gels, and distinct from sports drinks, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KCAL (other)
KCAL may refer to: *KCAL (AM), a radio station (1410 AM) licensed to Redlands, California, United States *KCAL-FM, a radio station (96.7 FM) licensed to Redlands, California, United States *KCAL-TV, a television station (channel 9) licensed to Los Angeles, California, United States *Calorie, kcal, kilocalorie (1,000 calories), a unit of energy (sometimes referred to as 1 Calorie, with a capital C, as opposed to a small c). {{Disambiguation, callsign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Antoine Favre
Pierre Antoine Favre (; 20 February 1813 – 17 February 1880) was a French physician and chemist who specialized in conducting experiments in thermochemistry. In his work from 1852 along with Johann T. Silberman on heat produced by chemical reactions, he popularized the use of the unit "calorie". Biography Favre was born in Lyons on February 20, 1813. He received a medical degree from Paris University in 1835. He shifted to study chemistry after being inspired by Jean Dumas' lectures and joined Eugene Peligot to study uranium salts. He was one of the two chemists who successfully demonstrated that the heats of the acid and bases were the sum of two constant terms, one dependent on the acid while the other on the bases. Favre then studied physiological chemistry under Louis Jecker, examining the composition of human sweat, forty litres of which he collected. One of his most important works was his investigation on the physiological chemistry of individuals who suffered from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
